{"title":"Lens design through the ages","authors":"J. Rogers","doi":"10.1117/12.2614768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2614768","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405771,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design and Engineering VIII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126966910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The iconic photos of NASA's first space missions and Moon landings from the 1960s onwards were captured with ZEISS camera lenses mounted on Hasselblad cameras. They adorned the covers of many newspapers and magazines and appeared in color for the first time ever, as special issues. Meanwhile, NASA's scientists were evaluating the scientific images: the photogrammetric images taken while in orbit were combined to form a detailed lunar map, the panorama pans on the lunar surface were turned into a topographic map of the landing area, and the pictures with broadband achromatized UV lenses gave insights into the overall soil conditions on the Moon and the Earth. The talk will provide an overview of all the camera lenses developed by ZEISS for NASA. It will look at their technical specifications, describe the development work done for these lenses, and delve into the history of the partnership between NASA, Hasselblad, and ZEISS. Just like space travel, the launch of mainframe computers at that time also spurred on optical design. Other ZEISS products for photography, cinematography, aerial photogrammetry, and optical lithography also benefited from these developments.
{"title":"History of lens development at ZEISS for NASA space and moon landing missions","authors":"Vladan Blahnik","doi":"10.1117/12.2614762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2614762","url":null,"abstract":"The iconic photos of NASA's first space missions and Moon landings from the 1960s onwards were captured with ZEISS camera lenses mounted on Hasselblad cameras. They adorned the covers of many newspapers and magazines and appeared in color for the first time ever, as special issues.\u0000\u0000Meanwhile, NASA's scientists were evaluating the scientific images: the photogrammetric images taken while in orbit were combined to form a detailed lunar map, the panorama pans on the lunar surface were turned into a topographic map of the landing area, and the pictures with broadband achromatized UV lenses gave insights into the overall soil conditions on the Moon and the Earth.\u0000\u0000The talk will provide an overview of all the camera lenses developed by ZEISS for NASA. It will look at their technical specifications, describe the development work done for these lenses, and delve into the history of the partnership between NASA, Hasselblad, and ZEISS.\u0000\u0000Just like space travel, the launch of mainframe computers at that time also spurred on optical design. Other ZEISS products for photography, cinematography, aerial photogrammetry, and optical lithography also benefited from these developments.","PeriodicalId":405771,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design and Engineering VIII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116190922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Freeform surface is one of the main advanced in lens design over the last two decades. These advances motivated by the new fabrication process and new equipment are now closed to maturity. Recently we start finding on the market more and more camera phone that claims to use freeform lenses. None of these suppliers explained how and why freeform lenses are required in details. In this presentation, we will dive into this to found answers. At the time of writing this abstract, we can identify three camera phones that use freeform lenses. The first one is the Huawei Mate 40 Pro+, which seems to be the first worldwide freeform lens used in a cell phone. Huawei uses the freeform to compensate distortion (they call it ‘anti-distortion’). The lens is an f/1.8 for a 20MP sensor. A second one is the OnePlus 9 Pro, which uses an f/2.2, 7 plastics for a 50MP as an ultra-wide camera. Finally, Oppo Find X3 Pro is also using freeform lens (f/2.2) on an IMX766 50MP (Sony sensor). From all the publicity from those camera-phones, we can found that the freeform used to compensate distortion in the corner of the image. Somehow, we can ask if it is a freeform lens or not, is it only marketing? We will add to this discussion some laboratory results from the Huawei freeform lens as well as image taking with the various cell phone.
{"title":"Freeform lenses in consumer optics market","authors":"S. Thibault","doi":"10.1117/12.2600317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2600317","url":null,"abstract":"Freeform surface is one of the main advanced in lens design over the last two decades. These advances motivated by the new fabrication process and new equipment are now closed to maturity. Recently we start finding on the market more and more camera phone that claims to use freeform lenses. None of these suppliers explained how and why freeform lenses are required in details. In this presentation, we will dive into this to found answers. At the time of writing this abstract, we can identify three camera phones that use freeform lenses. The first one is the Huawei Mate 40 Pro+, which seems to be the first worldwide freeform lens used in a cell phone. Huawei uses the freeform to compensate distortion (they call it ‘anti-distortion’). The lens is an f/1.8 for a 20MP sensor. A second one is the OnePlus 9 Pro, which uses an f/2.2, 7 plastics for a 50MP as an ultra-wide camera. Finally, Oppo Find X3 Pro is also using freeform lens (f/2.2) on an IMX766 50MP (Sony sensor). From all the publicity from those camera-phones, we can found that the freeform used to compensate distortion in the corner of the image. Somehow, we can ask if it is a freeform lens or not, is it only marketing? We will add to this discussion some laboratory results from the Huawei freeform lens as well as image taking with the various cell phone.","PeriodicalId":405771,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design and Engineering VIII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123790839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Trzpil, R. Rousseau, D. Ayache, Nicolas Maurin, A. Vicet, M. Bahriz
Gas sensing find tremendous applications in various fields like medicine, air quality, food processing or security and defence. The main challenge in industry is to create an integrated and compact sensor while maintaining its performance and power consumption. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) gains particular interest in this field due to its excellent selectivity while maintaining compactness. In tunable laser diode absorption spectroscopy (TDLS) the signal is proportional to optical path. Sensitivity in photoacoustic spectroscopy is proportional to the power of the laser, which allows to keep a good sensitivity even with small gas cells. The use of mechanical resonator with high quality factor allows improving the signal-to-noise ratio and avoid the use of an acoustic chamber. Micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) fabricated in silicon technology remain a reasonable choice to realize a compact and integrated sensor, including laser source and electronics. We propose a capacitive transduction method, which can be easily integrated, compact and highly sensitive. Due to the multi-physics problem, time and financial contains, a theoretical model seems to be a first step towards sensor performance improvement. We propose an analytical model for a new concept of photoacoustic gas sensing using capacitive transduction mechanism. The model was reinforced with computational methods implemented in Python programming environment. The study was carried out using silicon cantilever as a model, which brings an opportunity to obtain an analytical solution for all physical parameters. The goal of this research stands maximization of electrical signal output and signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio. Conducted study provides a solution to retrieve a cantilever dimensions and frequency for integrated compact gas sensor. Beyond optimization, the model provides a comprehensive tool to understand mechanisms of sensor working principles and therefore stands as a tool allowing a mechanical resonator to be developed with a more complex geometry and/or different transduction mechanism.
{"title":"An analytic model for cantilever optimization for photoacoustic gas sensing with capacitive transduction","authors":"W. Trzpil, R. Rousseau, D. Ayache, Nicolas Maurin, A. Vicet, M. Bahriz","doi":"10.1117/12.2600116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2600116","url":null,"abstract":"Gas sensing find tremendous applications in various fields like medicine, air quality, food processing or security and defence. The main challenge in industry is to create an integrated and compact sensor while maintaining its performance and power consumption. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) gains particular interest in this field due to its excellent selectivity while maintaining compactness. In tunable laser diode absorption spectroscopy (TDLS) the signal is proportional to optical path. Sensitivity in photoacoustic spectroscopy is proportional to the power of the laser, which allows to keep a good sensitivity even with small gas cells. The use of mechanical resonator with high quality factor allows improving the signal-to-noise ratio and avoid the use of an acoustic chamber. Micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) fabricated in silicon technology remain a reasonable choice to realize a compact and integrated sensor, including laser source and electronics. We propose a capacitive transduction method, which can be easily integrated, compact and highly sensitive. Due to the multi-physics problem, time and financial contains, a theoretical model seems to be a first step towards sensor performance improvement. We propose an analytical model for a new concept of photoacoustic gas sensing using capacitive transduction mechanism. The model was reinforced with computational methods implemented in Python programming environment. The study was carried out using silicon cantilever as a model, which brings an opportunity to obtain an analytical solution for all physical parameters. The goal of this research stands maximization of electrical signal output and signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio. Conducted study provides a solution to retrieve a cantilever dimensions and frequency for integrated compact gas sensor. Beyond optimization, the model provides a comprehensive tool to understand mechanisms of sensor working principles and therefore stands as a tool allowing a mechanical resonator to be developed with a more complex geometry and/or different transduction mechanism.","PeriodicalId":405771,"journal":{"name":"Optical Design and Engineering VIII","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128345414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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