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Problem of determining the role and place of regional law-making in the legal system of the Russian Federation 确定区域立法在俄罗斯联邦法律体系中的作用和地位的问题
Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.18287/2542-047x-2023-9-1-12-17
M. A. Nikishchenkova
The article deals with the issue of correlation between regional and federal lawmaking as an object of theoretical understanding. The relevance of the topic in modern conditions is substantiated. The problems of identifying the plurality of principles of regional lawmaking, their relationship with the principles of lawmaking at the level of formation of federal legislation are analyzed. The author substantiates the position according to which the unity of the national legal system and the two-level systems of legislation presuppose the unity of the principles of lawmaking. The law-making of the subjects is the specifics of Russia as a federal state. The article presents the positions of researchers on the role of delegated regional lawmaking and advanced regional lawmaking. The practical experience of advanced regional lawmaking in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 is summarized. The actual task of the study is to determine the regional lawmaking, its role and place in the unified legal system of the Russian Federation.
本文以区域立法与联邦立法的关联问题为理论研究对象。这个话题在现代条件下的相关性得到了证实。分析了区域立法原则多元性的认定问题及其与联邦立法形成层面立法原则的关系。本文论证了国家法律体系的统一性和两级立法体系的统一性以立法原则的统一性为前提的观点。主体立法是俄罗斯作为联邦制国家的特点。本文阐述了学者们对委托区域立法和先进区域立法作用的看法。总结了新冠肺炎疫情传播背景下先进地区立法的实践经验。这项研究的实际任务是确定区域立法及其在俄罗斯联邦统一法律制度中的作用和地位。
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引用次数: 0
Neural investigators: utopia or future 神经研究者:乌托邦还是未来
Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.18287/2542-047x-2023-9-1-60-65
L. A. Shestakova
The article explores neurotechnologies, gives their definition, provides their classification and objective grounds for implementation. The author of the article, thinking prospectively, assesses the legal and ethical risks in the work of an investigator, interrogator with neuroimplants. The author of the article believes that the use of neotechnologies is a promising direction for solving the problems of investigators, interrogators, whose workload is excessive. This reduces the quality of crime investigation.
本文探讨了神经技术,给出了它们的定义,提供了它们的分类和实施的客观依据。文章的作者,前瞻性的思考,评估在工作中的法律和伦理风险的调查员,审讯与神经植入物。本文作者认为,新技术的应用是解决侦查人员、审讯人员工作繁重问题的一个有希望的方向。这降低了犯罪调查的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Adversarial procedures in criminal, civil, arbitration and administrative proceedings: the search for unreasonable differences 刑事、民事、仲裁和行政诉讼中的对抗性程序:寻求不合理的分歧
Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.18287/2542-047x-2023-9-1-54-59
A. Sharipova
An attempt has been made to assess the content and implementation of the adversarial principle in the criminal process from the standpoint of comparing specific norms and institutions with their sectoral counterparts in other procedural sectors. It is proposed to replace the ideologically saturated discussion about the benefits and harms of competitiveness for the criminal process with an assessment of the state of its specific institutions. It was revealed that a number of institutions of the criminal process have a non-competitive nature, among them are preventive measures, the return of the criminal case by the court to the prosecutor, monetary recovery, forensic examination, termination of the criminal case in connection with the reconciliation of the parties, appeal and cassation appeal, review of the case on newly opened and new circumstances, etc. Separate borrowings of norms from arbitration, civil and administrative proceedings, which are of a pronounced adversarial nature, are proposed to correct the identified problems of the criminal process.
从将具体规范和制度与其他程序部门的相应部门进行比较的角度出发,试图评估刑事程序中对抗性原则的内容和执行情况。有人建议用对其具体制度状况的评估来取代意识形态饱和的关于刑事诉讼竞争性利弊的讨论。据透露,刑事诉讼程序的一些制度具有非竞争性,其中包括预防措施、法院将刑事案件交还检察官、追回金钱、法医检查、终止与当事方和解有关的刑事案件、上诉和撤销上诉、对新开始的案件和新情况进行审查等。建议从仲裁、民事和行政程序中分别借用具有明显对抗性质的规范,以纠正刑事程序中已查明的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Involvement of a specialist in modern criminal law practice 现代刑法实践中专家的参与
Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.18287/2542-047x-2023-9-1-46-53
A. Tarasov
The improvement of regulatory framework for attracting a specialist to participate in criminal proceedings on the initiative of the defense and other participants in the process who do not have authority is reasonably considered in theory and in practice as an extension of the adversarial principles in the procedures for the use of special knowledge. At the same time, the noticeable bias observed in modern law practice towards the use of expert opinions and testimony in the interests of principals to the detriment of lawyer activity in official procedures for the appointment and production of forensic examinations cannot be considered justified. Seeking the help of a specialist is not an equivalent substitute for participation in forensic expert activities in criminal cases, but rather a forced measure when attempts by a lawyer to participate in the appointment and production of examinations were impossible, or were undertaken, but failed.
完善由辩方和其他无权限参与人主动吸引专家参与刑事诉讼的监管框架,在理论上和实践中都被合理地视为是对专业知识运用程序中对抗性原则的延伸。与此同时,在现代法律实践中观察到的为委托人的利益使用专家意见和证词而损害律师在任命和进行法医检查的正式程序中的活动的明显偏见,不能被认为是合理的。在刑事案件中,寻求专家的帮助并不是参与法医专家活动的等价替代品,而是在律师不可能参与预约和提供检查结果,或已尝试但失败时采取的一种强制措施。
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引用次数: 0
Scientific and practical round table «Anti-corruption readings – 2022» 科学和实用圆桌会议“反腐败阅读- 2022”
Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.18287/2542-047x-2023-9-1-7-9
A. Bezverkhov, A. Yudin, O. Klimanova
13 декабря 2022 года в Самарском университете состоялся научно-практический круглый стол Антикоррупционные чтения 2022, связанный с актуальной проблемой современного мира и приуроченный к Международному дню борьбы с коррупцией 9 декабря. Организатором мероприятия выступил юридический институт Самарского университета при участии Самарского регионального отделения общероссийской общественной организации Ассоциация юристов России.
2022年12月13日,萨马拉大学举办了一场科学实用的2022反腐败读书会,与当今世界的紧迫问题有关,并于12月9日定为国际反腐败日。这次活动的组织者是萨马拉大学法律研究所,由俄罗斯律师协会全国公共组织萨马拉地区分会负责。
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引用次数: 0
Means of proving in criminal proceedings 刑事诉讼中的证明手段
Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.18287/2542-047x-2023-9-1-37-45
S. Rossinskiy
The article is devoted to understanding the essence and consideration of the system of means of criminal procedural proof, that is, useful assets to be used to establish circumstances relevant to a criminal case, substantiate the positions of the parties and law enforcement decisions. In this regard, the priority of the narrow doctrinal approach to understanding the means of proof is argued, and its inherent roughness is revealed. The paramount importance of evidence is noted as the most important means of criminal procedural proof, based on the perception of material and ideal traces-images of objective reality. Along with this, the role of formal means of proof is revealed: presumptions, prejudicial, well-known, notorious and other facts. Particular attention is paid to the so called subjective means of proof: well-known and legal knowledge, legal awareness, legal understanding, legal culture, sense of professional responsibility, morality, conscience, professional and life experience. And, finally, it is suggested that there is another group of useful resources the so-called reference and auxiliary means of proof.
本文致力于了解刑事程序证明手段制度的本质和考虑,即用于确定与刑事案件有关的情况,证实当事人的立场和执法决定的有用资产。在这方面,狭隘的理论方法的优先理解证明的手段是争论,其固有的粗糙是揭示。基于对客观现实的物质和理想痕迹的感知,证据作为刑事程序证明的最重要手段,具有至高无上的重要性。与此同时,也揭示了形式证明手段的作用:推定、偏见、众所周知、臭名昭著等事实。特别注意的是所谓的主观证明手段:众所周知的法律知识、法律意识、法律理解、法律文化、职业责任感、道德、良心、职业和生活经验。最后,提出了另一组有用的资源,即所谓的参考和辅助证明手段。
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引用次数: 0
Legal aspects of interaction between the President of the Russian Federation and the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation 俄罗斯联邦总统与俄罗斯联邦会议联邦委员会之间相互作用的法律问题
Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.18287/2542-047x-2023-9-1-70-74
S. L. Kabulov
The article analyzes topical issues of interaction between the President of the Russian Federation and the upper house of the Russian parliament within the framework of the system of separation of powers, taking into account the changes introduced by the Law of the Russian Federation on the amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation as of March 14, 2020 № 1-FKZ. The author focuses on the expansion of the personnel powers of the Federation Council, as well as changing the procedure for its formation. The idea is substantiated that amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation contribute to the improvement of the system of checks and balances, including by strengthening the role of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The powers of the President, arising from the difference in the constitutional functions of the head of state and parliament, basically and most importantly do not compete with the powers of a representative body. The Constitution makes a clear distinction between their powers, based on the principle of separation of powers. At the same time, the powers of the President in the sphere of relations with the parliament allow us to consider the head of state as an indispensable participant in the legislative process. The author proposes a number of changes aimed at improving relations between the President and the Federation Council in the exercise of their statutory powers.
本文分析了俄罗斯联邦总统与俄罗斯议会上院在权力分立制度框架内相互作用的热点问题,并考虑到俄罗斯联邦关于自2020年3月14日起修改俄罗斯联邦宪法的法律(№1-FKZ)所带来的变化。作者着重讨论了扩大联邦委员会的人事权力以及改变其组成程序的问题。这一想法得到证实,即修改俄罗斯联邦宪法有助于改进制衡制度,包括加强俄罗斯联邦联邦会议的作用。总统的权力是由国家元首和议会的宪法职能不同而产生的,基本上和最重要的是,总统的权力不会与代议制机构的权力相竞争。根据三权分立的原则,宪法对他们的权力进行了明确的区分。与此同时,总统在与议会关系方面的权力使我们能够将国家元首视为立法进程中不可或缺的参与者。发件人提出了一些改革建议,旨在改善总统和联邦委员会在行使其法定权力时的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Prospects for modernization of appeal proceedings in Russian criminal procedure: analysis of foreign experience 俄罗斯刑事诉讼上诉程序现代化的前景:国外经验分析
Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.18287/2542-047x-2023-9-1-28-36
A. Nazarov, A. Trofimik
The article researches the problem of presenting new evidence on appeal. Part 6.1 of Article 389.13 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation is analyzed. A comparison is made between Russian and German procedures and conditions for the presentation of new evidence to ensure a high standard of administration of justice in criminal cases. The characteristic features of the German criminal appeal are singled out and described, which can become a guideline for improving Russian proceedings in the courts of appeal. In view of the foregoing, the purpose of this study is to establish the essential features of foreign legal order in the indicated respect and to assess the possibility of formulating conclusions and proposals aimed at improving the domestic model of the criminal process based on the legislative and doctrinal experience of the related legal order. In this regard, at this stage, the main task is a systematic analysis of the appellate proceedings in Germany through the prism of legislation, doctrine and practice of law enforcement and, on this basis, an assessment of the domestic model of appeal in criminal proceedings. Due to the specifics of the study, the methodological basis is the comparative legal method in all its variety of manifestations as a complex methodological system. The study substantiates the ideas of a full-fledged appeal and the need for unconditional (free) presentation of new evidence in the Russian appeal. The result of the study and analysis were proposals for the modernization of criminal procedure law: the procedure for presenting new evidence in an appeal should be simplified.
本文对上诉中提出新证据的问题进行了研究。对《俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼法》第389.13条第6.1部分进行了分析。对俄罗斯和德国提出新证据的程序和条件进行了比较,以确保在刑事案件中有高标准的司法行政。本文对德国刑事上诉的特点进行了分析和描述,为改进俄罗斯上诉法院的诉讼程序提供了指导。鉴于上述情况,本研究的目的是确定外国法律秩序在上述方面的基本特征,并评估是否有可能根据有关法律秩序的立法和理论经验拟订结论和建议,以改进国内刑事程序模式。在这方面,本阶段的主要任务是通过立法、理论和执法实践的棱镜系统地分析德国的上诉程序,并在此基础上评估国内刑事诉讼中的上诉模式。由于研究的特殊性,其方法论基础是比较法作为一个复杂的方法论体系的各种表现形式。这项研究证实了提出全面上诉的想法以及在俄罗斯上诉中无条件(自由)提出新证据的必要性。研究和分析的结果是关于刑事诉讼法现代化的建议:应简化在上诉中提出新证据的程序。
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引用次数: 0
On the need to form a special procedural status of participants in criminal proceedings from among persons with disabilities 论形成残疾人刑事诉讼参与人特殊诉讼地位的必要性
Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.18287/2542-047x-2023-9-1-18-27
S. Kurbatova
This article raises the problem of the lack of regulation in the Russian criminal procedure legislation of the participation of persons with disabilities. It is proposed to replace the terminology used in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation persons with physical and mental disabilities with persons with disabilities, extending it not only to suspects, accused, but also to participants in criminal proceedings in general who fall under its signs. The necessity of allocating this category of participants is justified, based on the fact that they are limited in their ability to exercise their rights and perform the duties provided to them by law, and endow them with a special procedural status. Attention is drawn to the need to implement this, including on the basis of the provisions of international legal documents and the modern doctrine of the legal social state. It is proposed to use the compensatory approach developed by the author to solve the identified problems. It is noted that in a number of states such an approach finds its implementation, which allows using their experience to improve the Russian criminal procedure legislation.
本文提出了俄罗斯刑事诉讼立法中对残疾人参与缺乏规定的问题。建议将《俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼法》中使用的“身体和精神残疾者”一词改为“残疾人”,不仅适用于嫌疑人、被告,而且也适用于一般的刑事诉讼参与人。分配这一类参与人的必要性是合理的,因为他们行使权利和履行法律规定的义务的能力受到限制,并赋予他们特殊的程序地位。委员会提请注意必须执行这一规定,包括根据国际法律文件的规定和现代法律社会国家学说。建议使用作者开发的补偿方法来解决已识别的问题。有人指出,在一些国家,这种做法得到了实施,从而可以利用它们的经验来改进俄罗斯的刑事诉讼立法。
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引用次数: 0
Concept of strategic autonomy of the EU in the neighborhood policy 欧盟在周边政策中的战略自治概念
Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.18287/2542-047x-2023-9-1-66-69
Yuliya Samovich, E. Y. Marukhno
This article is the result of a study of the concept of strategic autonomy of the EU, its meaning in the supranational activities of an international regional organization. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that in the Russian and foreign scientific literature this concept is actively studied in the absence of its unified understanding. The concept of strategic autonomy of the EU is used in the specific actions of an international organization based on its own capabilities. This means cooperation with other subjects of international law in achieving European goals, while maintaining the possibility for autonomous actions. The purpose of the publication is to define the concept of strategic autonomy in relation to neighborhood policy. The article uses such general scientific research methods as generalization, analysis and synthesis, concretization. As a result of the analysis of scientific publications, the authors came to the conclusion that strategic autonomy should be understood as the EU goal, covering all external actions of an international regional organization.
本文是对欧盟战略自治概念进行研究的结果,它在一个国际区域组织的超国家活动中的意义。这篇文章的相关性是由于在俄罗斯和国外的科学文献中,这一概念在缺乏统一认识的情况下被积极研究。欧盟战略自治的概念是指一个国际组织基于自身能力所采取的具体行动。这意味着与其他国际法主体合作实现欧洲目标,同时保持自主行动的可能性。该出版物的目的是定义与邻里政策有关的战略自治的概念。本文采用了概括、分析综合、具体化等一般的科学研究方法。通过对科学出版物的分析,作者得出结论,战略自治应被理解为欧盟的目标,包括一个国际区域组织的所有外部行动。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Juridical Journal of Samara University
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