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Development of Political Science in the Republic of Mordovia: 1991–2021 摩尔多瓦共和国政治学的发展:1991-2021
Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.15507/2078-9823.054.021.202102.133-145
D. Dolenko, S. Malchenkov
Introduction. The relevance of the analysis of the development of political science in the Republic of Mordovia is associated with the 90th anniversary of the National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, the 30th anniversary of the creation of the Department of Political Science in its structure and the 20th anniversary of political science education in the region. Methods. Historical, comparative retrospective and systems analysis were applied in the work. Results. Over the thirty-year period, political science in the Republic of Mordovia has come a long way in the field of educational and scientific activities. The article identifies three stages of its development: 1) 1991–2000; 2) 2001–2014; 3) since 2015. At present, the university, on the basis of the graduating department of general history, political science and regional studies, is training professional political scientists within the framework of bachelor’s, master’s and postgraduate studies. Fundamental and applied political science research is conducted in this department. Research in certain areas of political science is being conducted today in other educational and scientific institutions of the Republic of Mordovia. Discussion and Conclusion. Political science in the Republic of Mordovia from 1991 to 2021 has come a long way and achieved noticeable results in the field of science and education. An original political science school was formed in the region, which is based on the study of territorial aspects of politics. Currently, there is an expansion of thematic areas in accordance with the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation.
介绍。莫尔多维亚共和国政治学发展分析的相关性与国家研究奥加列夫莫尔多维亚国立大学成立90周年,政治科学系成立30周年以及该地区政治学教育20周年有关。方法。研究中运用了历史分析、比较回顾和系统分析等方法。结果。在过去的30年里,摩尔多瓦共和国的政治学在教育和科学活动领域取得了长足的进步。文章将其发展分为三个阶段:1)1991-2000年;2) 2001 - 2014;3) 2015年以来。目前,学校在通史、政治学和区域研究毕业系的基础上,在本科、硕士和研究生学习的框架内培养专业的政治学家。基础和应用政治学的研究在这个系进行。今天,摩尔多瓦共和国的其他教育和科学机构正在进行某些政治科学领域的研究。讨论与结论。1991年至2021年,摩尔多瓦共和国的政治科学取得了长足的进步,在科学和教育领域取得了显著的成果。在这一地区形成了一个独创的政治科学学派,其基础是对政治的地域方面的研究。目前,根据《俄罗斯联邦科学和技术发展战略》,正在扩大专题领域。
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引用次数: 0
Continuity of Traditions in the Context of the History of One Department: Lev Gerasimovich Filatov and Alexander Petrovich Lebedev 一个部门历史背景下传统的连续性:列夫·格拉西莫维奇·菲拉托夫和亚历山大·彼得罗维奇·列别捷夫
Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.15507/2078-9823.054.021.202102.146-161
S. V. Kistanov, O. V. Koshina
Introduction. The relevance of the topic is related to the preservation of the significant role of the individual in the development of education. The head of the department, as one of the key structural divisions of the higher educational institution, has played an important role in the implementation of the scientific and pedagogical tasks of the university and the reproduction of teaching staff. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the socio-cultural perspective of the study of the life activity of educational actors, which involves taking into account the social, cultural, spiritual and moral factors of the formation of the personality of a higher school teacher and studying the impact of this personality on the development of education. The study is historical and biographical in nature, contains elements of the direction of social history. Results. The scientific and pedagogical path of the two heads of the Department of the History of the Motherland (until 1991 – the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union) is also shown in the context of the development of the department as a structural unit of the university, the higher school in the republic. The socio-cultural conditions for the formation of personal and professional qualities of two teachers, scientists, heads of the department, their role in the development of one of the most important structural divisions of the university are revealed. Discussion and Conclusions. Continuity of personnel, preservation of traditions, and transfer of experience are important for all spheres of society, and especially for the sphere of science and education. On the example of the activity of the personalities of the two heads of the department, the implementation of the continuity of managerial, methodological, pedagogical principles of teaching and management of the structural unit of the university is illustrated.
介绍。该主题的相关性与维护个人在教育发展中的重要作用有关。系主任作为高等教育机构的关键结构部门之一,在大学科学教学任务的实施和教师队伍的再生产中发挥着重要作用。材料与方法。本研究的方法论基础是研究教育行动者生命活动的社会文化视角,即考虑高等学校教师人格形成的社会、文化、精神和道德因素,研究这种人格对教育发展的影响。这一研究具有历史性和传记性,包含了社会历史方向的因素。结果。祖国历史系的两位负责人(直到1991年-苏联共产党的历史)的科学和教学路径也显示在该系作为大学的结构单位的发展背景下,共和国的高等学校。揭示了形成两名教师、科学家、系主任的个人和专业素质的社会文化条件,以及他们在大学最重要的结构部门之一的发展中的作用。讨论和结论。人员的连续性、传统的保存和经验的转移对社会的所有领域,特别是对科学和教育领域都是重要的。以两名部门负责人的个性活动为例,说明了大学结构单位教学和管理的管理,方法,教学原则的连续性的实施。
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引用次数: 0
Formation of Mental Operations of Senior Preschoolers in the Group of Short-Term Stay at a Preschool Educational Institution 短期学前教育机构高年级学龄前儿童心理操作的形成
Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.15507/2078-9823.054.021.202102.203-213
Liudmila I. Lashmaikina, Natalia E. Kuleshova
Introduction. At the present stage of the development of the Russian education system, along with the tasks of teaching and developing children cognitive abilities is the task of their social adaptation. The solution of this problem largely depends on the teacher, who contributes to personal development at a preschool educational institution. It is obvious that one of the criteria for the quality of social training of older preschoolers can be the degree of their mental and speech activity. Materials and Methods. The results of the study (adequate for its subject), are presented: the analysis of scientific literature, observation, psychodiagnostics methods (tests, conversations), experimental methods, mathematical and statistical methods (the Mann – Whitney test, the Wilcoxon test). The development of the authors educational and game tasks (“Sly Butterflies”, “Talking Fish”, “Confusion”, “Dunnos Letter”, “Find a Photo”) for the formation of mental operations of older preschoolers has become one of the real prerequisites for updating contents of the educational process at a preschool institution. Results. The article presents the results of the study, which are related to the intensification of the educational process in the aspect of the formation of mental operations of older preschoolers at preschool institutions, with the development of a structural model of the mental operations of older preschoolers. Discussion and Conclusion. The expected effect of the implementation of the model of formation of mental operations of older preschoolers in the group of short-term stay of a preschool educational institution is the level of their preparation for school and social adaptation general. The proposed provisions and conclusions create prerequisites for further study of the phenomenon – the formation of mental operations, preschool children in the methodological, content and organizational plans, and the practical experience of implementing this model can be used in the planning and organization of the educational space of a preschool institution.
介绍。在俄罗斯教育体系发展的现阶段,除了教学和发展儿童认知能力的任务外,儿童社会适应的任务也是儿童社会适应的任务。这个问题的解决在很大程度上取决于教师,他们在学前教育机构中对个人发展做出了贡献。很明显,对年龄较大的学龄前儿童进行社会训练的质量的标准之一可能是他们的智力和言语活动的程度。材料与方法。本研究的结果(适合其主题)如下:科学文献分析、观察、精神诊断方法(测试、对话)、实验方法、数学和统计方法(Mann - Whitney检验、Wilcoxon检验)。作者的教育和游戏任务(“狡猾的蝴蝶”、“会说话的鱼”、“困惑”、“Dunnos Letter”、“Find a Photo”)的发展,形成了年龄较大的学龄前儿童的心理操作,这已经成为幼儿园教育过程内容更新的真正先决条件之一。结果。本文通过构建幼教机构中老年学龄前儿童心理操作的结构模型,将研究结果与教育过程在老年学龄前儿童心理操作形成方面的强化联系起来。讨论与结论。在学前教育机构短期停留群体中实施大龄学龄前儿童心理操作形成模式的预期效果是其对学校和社会适应的准备水平。提出的规定和结论为进一步研究学前儿童心理操作的形成现象、方法、内容和组织计划创造了前提条件,实施该模型的实践经验可用于学前机构教育空间的规划和组织。
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引用次数: 0
Education in Humanistic Pedagogy 人文主义教育学中的教育
Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.15507/2078-9823.054.021.202102.177-188
N. I. Meshkov, D. Meshkov
Introduction. The article examines the problem of education, based on the methodology of a humanistic approach to the formation of the individual. Comparative analysis made it possible to identify and characterize the features that are inherent in both communist and modern humanist education. Particular attention is paid to the principles of humanistic pedagogy, which determine the direction and activities of educational organizations. The importance of the problem in question is that a certain understanding of it is the basis of the formation of the spiritual culture of the individual and society. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological strategy of this study was a comparative-comparative approach, which allowed to identify and characterize those features that are inherent in both communist and modern humanistic education. To this end, the following methods were used: theoretical modeling, abstraction, generalization, comparative analysis. Results of the study and discussion. Approaches to education under the influence of communist and humanistic (anthropocentric humanism) education have been revealed and critically understood. The role of Orthodox humanism in the formation of human personality is shown as the antithesis of anthropocentric humanism. Conclusion. The results of the study show that humanistic pedagogy, striving to be independent, develops its approaches to education. However, she uses the educational material that was criticized for her traditional pedagogical science and practice. Its main difference from the previous pedagogy is that the center of the pedagogical space is occupied by a separate personality. Education is understood as an activity aimed at creating the necessary conditions for its self-fulfillment, internal self-expression.
介绍。本文以研究个体形成的人本主义方法论为基础,考察教育问题。通过比较分析,可以识别和描述共产主义教育和现代人文主义教育的内在特征。特别关注人文主义教育学的原则,它决定了教育组织的方向和活动。所讨论的问题的重要性在于,对它的一定理解是形成个人和社会精神文化的基础。材料与方法。本研究的理论和方法策略是一种比较-比较的方法,这种方法可以识别和描述共产主义和现代人文教育中固有的特征。为此,采用了理论建模、抽象、概括、对比分析等方法。研究和讨论的结果。共产主义和人本主义(以人类为中心的人本主义)教育影响下的教育途径被揭示和批判性地理解。正统人文主义在人格形成中的作用表现为与人类中心人文主义的对立。结论。研究结果表明,人本主义教育学在追求教育的独立性的同时,发展了自己的教育方法。然而,她使用的教材因其传统的教学科学和实践而受到批评。它与以往教育学的主要区别在于,教学空间的中心被一个独立的人格所占据。教育被理解为一种旨在为其自我实现和内在自我表达创造必要条件的活动。
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引用次数: 0
Dialectics of the Development of the Integrated Social Systems 综合社会系统发展的辩证法
Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.15507/2078-9823.054.021.202102.162-168
A. A. Somkin
Introduction. The paper analyzes the specificity of the dialectical development of the integrated social systems of such a personality and society. The presence of positive (natural) contradictions is recognized as a necessary and creative factor in social practice. Under the influence of this type of contradiction, the old, outdated forms of social structure (individual components of the social system) are denied and transformed to new, more perfect ones occurs as a result of their successful resolution. Methods. In the analysis, the author relied on a system-holistic approach, traditional general philosophical methods: induction and deduction, theoretical analysis and synthesis, extrapolation, etc. Discussion. The social system as an integrated unity goes through a number of stages from inception, formation and maturity to the transition to a qualitatively new state. Accordingly, the process of the emergence and development of dialectical contradictions also has several stages: from insignificant differences between opposite sides at the beginning of the emergence of the system to their strengthening and exacerbation. The nature of the contradictions depends on the specifics of the opposing sides, as well as on the conditions in which their interaction unfolds. The determining factor here, in the opinion of the author, is the positive (natural) direction of social opposition, under the influence of which the essence of the contradictions themselves is formed. Conclusion. According to the dialectical approach, the source of social development is the unity and struggle of opposites within the social system. However, the presence of opposite sides is a necessary but insufficient condition for development. They create the preconditions for it, but do not act as its driving force. Only a change in one opposition relative to another creates alternative tension, giving rise to a dialectical contradiction. Therefore, the antagonistic or non-antagonistic character of the latter is due to the positive (natural) or negative character of the social opposition itself.
介绍。本文分析了这种人格与社会整体社会系统辩证发展的特殊性。积极(自然)矛盾的存在被认为是社会实践中必要的和创造性的因素。在这种矛盾的影响下,旧的、过时的社会结构形式(社会系统的个别组成部分)被否定,并因其成功解决而转变为新的、更完善的形式。方法。在分析过程中,笔者运用了系统整体的方法、传统的一般哲学方法:归纳与演绎、理论分析与综合、外推等。讨论。社会体系作为一个整体,经历了从萌芽、形成、成熟到向质的新状态过渡的若干阶段。因此,辩证矛盾的产生和发展过程也经历了从制度产生之初对立双方的细微差别到对立双方的加强和加剧的几个阶段。矛盾的性质取决于对立双方的具体情况,也取决于它们相互作用的条件。在这里,根据作者的意见,决定因素是社会反对的积极(自然)方向,在它的影响下,矛盾本身的本质形成了。结论。辨证法认为,社会发展的根源是社会系统内部对立的统一和斗争。然而,对立面的存在是发展的必要但不充分的条件。它们为改革创造了先决条件,但不充当改革的推动力。只有一种对立相对于另一种对立的变化,才会产生另一种对立的张力,从而产生辩证矛盾。因此,后者的对抗性或非对抗性是由于社会对立本身的积极(自然)或消极的性质。
{"title":"Dialectics of the Development of the Integrated Social Systems","authors":"A. A. Somkin","doi":"10.15507/2078-9823.054.021.202102.162-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.054.021.202102.162-168","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper analyzes the specificity of the dialectical development of the integrated social systems of such a personality and society. The presence of positive (natural) contradictions is recognized as a necessary and creative factor in social practice. Under the influence of this type of contradiction, the old, outdated forms of social structure (individual components of the social system) are denied and transformed to new, more perfect ones occurs as a result of their successful resolution. Methods. In the analysis, the author relied on a system-holistic approach, traditional general philosophical methods: induction and deduction, theoretical analysis and synthesis, extrapolation, etc. Discussion. The social system as an integrated unity goes through a number of stages from inception, formation and maturity to the transition to a qualitatively new state. Accordingly, the process of the emergence and development of dialectical contradictions also has several stages: from insignificant differences between opposite sides at the beginning of the emergence of the system to their strengthening and exacerbation. The nature of the contradictions depends on the specifics of the opposing sides, as well as on the conditions in which their interaction unfolds. The determining factor here, in the opinion of the author, is the positive (natural) direction of social opposition, under the influence of which the essence of the contradictions themselves is formed. Conclusion. According to the dialectical approach, the source of social development is the unity and struggle of opposites within the social system. However, the presence of opposite sides is a necessary but insufficient condition for development. They create the preconditions for it, but do not act as its driving force. Only a change in one opposition relative to another creates alternative tension, giving rise to a dialectical contradiction. Therefore, the antagonistic or non-antagonistic character of the latter is due to the positive (natural) or negative character of the social opposition itself.","PeriodicalId":406854,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education","volume":"115 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128365144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Personal Characteristics of Students, Inclined to Internet-addicted Behaviour 大学生网瘾倾向的个人特征
Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.15507/2078-9823.054.021.202102.189-202
M. Ionova, Evgeniia V. Pyataeva
Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of personality traits of students with different levels of Internet addiction. In connection with the rapid ubiquitous spread of the Internet, the problem of dependence on the global network is becoming more and more urgent. However, we have to state that there is a contradiction between the need to prevent Internet addiction among young people and insufficient knowledge of the personal characteristics of students who are prone to Internet addictive behaviour. Materials and Methods. The research used the following methods: theoretical analysis of scientific literature, testing (test for Internet addiction (K. Young (adapted by V. A. Loskutova)), test “Self-assessment” (L. D. Stolyarenko), personality questionnaire “Suggestibility” (S. V. Klauchek and V. V. Delariu), personality questionnaire EPI (Eysenck Personality Inventory) (G. Eysenck), methodology for diagnosing failure avoidance motivation (T. Ehlers)). For statistical analysis of empirical data, the Student’s test was used for independent samples. Results. The study found that among the respondents there are no people with a pronounced Internet addiction. Identified potential Internet addicts – students overly keen on the Internet. They tend to have low self-esteem scores and are more susceptible to suggestion than regular web users. Most students who are prone to Internet-addicted behaviour have a high and too high level of motivation for avoiding failure, while the majority of ordinary users are characterized by a high level. There are no significant differences between the groups of respondents on the introversion and extraversion scale. Statistical analysis of the data obtained confirmed the presence of significant differences between students who are potential addicts and students who are ordinary Internet users in terms of self-esteem and suggestibility. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the results of the study allows us to conclude that students who are overly keen on the Internet differ from their peers – ordinary Internet users by their tendency to a low assessment of their own qualities and a higher suggestibility. They also have a higher level of failure avoidance motivation. The data obtained by us can be used in the development of programs for the prevention of Internet addiction among students.
介绍。本文致力于研究不同程度网络成瘾学生的人格特征。随着互联网的迅速普及,依赖全球网络的问题变得越来越紧迫。然而,我们必须指出,预防青少年网瘾的需要与对容易产生网络成瘾行为的学生的个人特征认识不足之间存在矛盾。材料与方法。本研究采用了以下方法:科学文献的理论分析、测试(网络成瘾测试(K. Young,改编自V. A. Loskutova))、“自我评估”测试(L. D. Stolyarenko)、“易受暗示”人格问卷(S. V. Klauchek和V. V. Delariu)、EPI人格问卷(G. Eysenck人格量表)、失败回避动机诊断方法(T. Ehlers)。对于经验数据的统计分析,对独立样本采用学生检验。结果。研究发现,在受访者中,没有人有明显的网瘾。确定潜在的网瘾者——过度热衷于互联网的学生。他们的自尊得分往往较低,而且比普通网民更容易受到建议的影响。易产生网瘾行为的学生大多具有较高和过高的避免失败的动机水平,而普通用户大多具有较高的动机水平。被调查者的内向型和外向型量表在两组间无显著差异。对获得的数据进行统计分析,证实了潜在成瘾学生和普通上网学生在自尊和易受暗示方面存在显著差异。讨论与结论。通过对研究结果的分析,我们可以得出这样的结论:过度沉迷于互联网的学生与同龄的普通网民不同,他们倾向于对自己的素质评价较低,而更容易被暗示。他们也有更高层次的失败避免动机。我们获得的数据可以用于制定预防学生网瘾的方案。
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引用次数: 0
FINNO-UGRIC SCIENTIFIC AND PUBLIC FORUM “WE ARE ALL RUSSIA!”: PUBLIC INTERESTS AND SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES 芬兰科学和公共论坛“我们都是俄罗斯!”:公共利益和科学目标
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2078-9823.051.020.202003.475-486
N. M. Arsentyev, Larisa G. Skvortsova
October 8-9, 2020 in the city of Saransk within the framework of the Finno-Ugric scientific and public forum “We are all Russia!” the most significant issues related to the preservation of the ethnic and civic identity of the Finno-Ugric peoples were discussed. The main organizers of the forum were the Federal Agency for Nationalities of the Russian Federation, the All-Russian Public Movement “Association of the Finno-Ugric Peoples of the Russian Federation”, Ogarev Mordovia State University. The key events of the forum were the International Scientific Conference “Finno-Ugric Peoples in the Context of Formation of the All-Russian Civic Identity and the Changing Environment”, the All-Russian Scientific Conference “Finno-Ugric Peoples in the Socio-Economic and Cultural Space of Russia”, the meeting of the Bureau of the Association of Finno-Ugric Peoples of the Russian Federation. The events were held dew to the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and “The History of the Motherland” Fund. The actualization of the topic of the forum is due to the need to conduct and present the results of interdisciplinary research in the field of complex Finno-Ugric studies as an important area of modern science. It is focused on promoting the further development of scientific, cultural, linguistic and other cooperation of kindred Finno-Ugric peoples. Representatives of the scientific world, public organizations, federal and regional authorities, experts who successfully study the development of the multinational people of the Russian Federation and the Finno-Ugric peoples of Russia and foreign countries, the most important components of ethnic culture, largely determining and reflecting its features, preservation of the identity of the multinational people. The holding of the forum strengthened the integration of scientific developments, a productive dialogue was formed between specialists and scientists not only in the social and humanitarian field, but also in natural science, information and other fields of scientific knowledge, increasing the effectiveness of their research and applied developments in the study of Finno-Ugric issues.
2020年10月8-9日在萨兰斯克市举行的芬兰-乌戈尔科学和公共论坛“我们都是俄罗斯!“讨论了与维护芬兰-乌戈尔人民的种族和公民特性有关的最重要的问题。论坛的主要组织者是俄罗斯联邦民族事务局、全俄公众运动“俄罗斯联邦芬兰-乌戈尔民族协会”、奥加列夫莫尔多维亚国立大学。论坛的主要活动是“全俄罗斯公民身份形成和环境变化背景下的芬兰-乌戈尔民族”国际科学会议、“俄罗斯社会经济和文化空间中的芬兰-乌戈尔民族”全俄罗斯科学会议、俄罗斯联邦芬兰-乌戈尔民族协会主席团会议。这些活动是在俄罗斯基础研究基金会和“祖国历史”基金的财政支持下举行的。论坛主题的实现是由于需要在复杂的芬兰-乌戈尔研究领域进行和展示跨学科研究的结果,这是现代科学的一个重要领域。它的重点是促进芬兰-乌戈尔族之间的科学、文化、语言和其他合作的进一步发展。科学界的代表、公共组织、联邦和地区当局的代表、成功研究俄罗斯联邦多民族发展的专家、俄罗斯和外国的芬兰-乌戈尔民族、主要决定和反映其特点的民族文化的最重要组成部分、维护多民族的特性的专家。论坛的举行加强了科学发展的整合,不仅在社会和人道主义领域,而且在自然科学、信息和其他科学知识领域的专家和科学家之间形成了富有成效的对话,提高了他们在研究芬兰-乌戈尔问题方面的研究和应用发展的效率。
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引用次数: 1
Public Opinion Leaders as a Means Of Representing the Image of the Republic of Mordovia 舆论领袖作为摩尔多瓦共和国形象的表现手段
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2078-9823.052.020.202004.402-414
L. Zaytseva
Introduction. The social function of a public opinion leader is to draw public attention to the most important issues of public life, participate in public discussions, explain and influence public opinion. Political communication is implemented in two dimensions – pragmatic and symbolic, which have very close relationships. The symbolic dimension develops and promotes ideas about society that create, maintain, or destroy political identity. For external target groups of image-making (political and business elites, decision-makers at the federal level, investors, highly qualified migrants, partially residents of other regions), significant repeaters of information about the region are representatives of state authorities and management, leaders of political parties and socio-political movements, bright representatives of the political opposition, etc. Materials and Methods. The research methodology was based on the method of cognitive mapping, which allowed analyzing and visualizing information transmitted by public opinion leaders about the regional space, determining the specifics of the perception of the Republic in the external power environment, and a historical and evolutionary approach that made it possible to trace the evolution of content. Time period of the study: 2012–2019. The study traced a series of judgments, stable expressions used by political and public figures about Mordovia, its potential, development prospects, and its leadership. Results and Discussion. Public opinion leaders (political and business elite, party figures, opposition, etc.) are significant repeaters of information about the region. Political communication is implemented in two main dimensions – pragmatic and symbolic, where the latter involves not rational understanding, but the suggestion of stable meanings. Symbolic politics has always been used by the authorities, especially in times of crisis, so the opinions conveyed by person-images become the basis of symbolic capital that promotes ideas about society (territory), creates, supports or destroys political identity. The external image of the Republic of Mordovia, which is formed on the basis of broadcast opinions, is contradictory. During the study period, we can note some evolution of the image of the Republic, broadcast by the leaders of public opinion. Attention to the region is noticeably increasing due to significant events of various scales. The high authority of the former leadership and loyal “electoral behavior” of the region contributed to the creation and broadcast of a positive image from the federal government and was a reason for criticism from opposition leaders. The celebration of the Millennium of unity of the Mordovian people with the peoples of the Russian state in 2012 was perceived positively by the majority of public opinion leaders and was actively broadcast in the media. The inclusion of Saransk among the host cities of the world football championship was received ambiguously: from
介绍。舆论领袖的社会功能是引起公众对公共生活中最重要问题的关注,参与公共讨论,解释和影响公共舆论。政治传播是在语用和象征两个维度上实现的,它们之间的关系非常密切。象征维度发展和促进了关于社会的观念,这些观念创造、维持或摧毁了政治认同。对于形象塑造的外部目标群体(政治和商业精英,联邦一级的决策者,投资者,高素质的移民,其他地区的部分居民),有关该地区的重要信息中继者是国家当局和管理层的代表,政党和社会政治运动的领导人,政治反对派的光明代表等。材料与方法。研究方法基于认知映射法,该方法允许分析和可视化公众舆论领袖传播的关于区域空间的信息,确定外部权力环境中共和国感知的细节,以及历史和进化方法,使其能够追踪内容的演变。研究时间段:2012-2019年。这项研究追踪了政治人物和公众人物对摩尔多瓦、其潜力、发展前景和领导力的一系列判断和稳定表达。结果和讨论。舆论领袖(政治和商业精英、政党人物、反对派等)是该地区信息的重要传播者。政治沟通主要在两个维度上实现——实用主义和象征主义,后者涉及的不是理性的理解,而是稳定意义的暗示。象征政治一直被当局使用,特别是在危机时期,因此人物形象所传达的意见成为象征资本的基础,促进了对社会(领土)的观念,创造、支持或破坏了政治认同。在广播舆论的基础上形成的摩尔多瓦共和国的外部形象是矛盾的。在研究期间,我们可以注意到由舆论领袖传播的共和国形象的一些演变。由于各种规模的重大事件,对该地区的关注明显增加。前任领导人的高权威和该地区忠诚的“选举行为”有助于创造和传播联邦政府的正面形象,这是反对派领导人批评的原因。2012年庆祝摩尔多瓦人民与俄罗斯国家人民团结千年的活动得到了大多数舆论领袖的积极评价,并在媒体上积极进行了宣传。萨兰斯克被选为世界足球锦标赛的主办城市,人们对它的态度不一:从积极的评价到对这种选择的正确性持怀疑态度。冠军的遗产不仅是现代化的基础设施,而且还加剧了该地区的社会经济问题,这不能不影响其外部形象。讨论和结论。因此,“创新区”、“优质农产品动态发展区”、“精神复兴区”的正面形象与“全面造假区”的形象并存。广播舆论的性质与政治形势的特殊性以及舆论领袖在话语空间中的官方/对立立场密切相关。
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引用次数: 1
Activities of Local Historians on Conservation Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Kursk Province during the Civil War 内战期间库尔斯克省当地历史学家保护历史和文化遗产的活动
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2078-9823.052.020.202004.381-388
Kirill A. Listopad
Introduction. The local history movement, which was formed on a voluntary basis in the Russian Empire, was placed in difficult conditions during the Civil War: a fratricidal war, which did not spare human lives, also destroyed the country’s historical and cultural values. This served as an impetus for the activation of the activity of local historians in the center, and especially in the localities. In the center are active figures of local lore S. F. Oldenburg and V. P. Semenov-Tian-Shansky called on the intelligentsia to make efforts to preserve cultural values maximumly; the All-Russian Collegium for Museums and the Preservation of Antiquities was created as part of the People’s Commissariat of the RSFSR, which included, inter alia, the famous artists I. E. Grabar, A. V. Grishchenko, K. S. Malevich. In the provinces, local historians united into the Academic Archival Commissions. They fought against the robbery of noble estates, collected and preserved cultural and historical values, and organized educational conversations. Methods. The solution of the research problems was provided by a set of interconnected theoretical (analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (study and generalization of sources, hermeneutic) methods. Results. The local history movement in the Soviet Russia was placed under the control of the state authorities. During the Civil War local historians performed the function of preserving the cultural and historical heritage, organized another area of work – the history of studying the activities of the Bolshevik party on the fieldwork. Conclusion. The dedicated work of members of local history organizations in extreme conditions helped to save many cultural heritage objects from destruction: in the Kursk province, for example, the noble estates of the Nelidovs, Baryatinsky, Yusupovs and others. They managed to maintain the personnel of the organizations. Their budget even existed, which indicates a high organization of their work.
介绍。俄罗斯帝国在自愿基础上形成的地方历史运动在内战期间陷入困境:一场自相残杀的战争不仅没有挽救生命,也摧毁了该国的历史和文化价值。这推动了中央,特别是地方的地方历史学家的活动。以活跃的地方文化人士奥尔登堡和谢苗诺夫-田香斯基为中心,呼吁知识分子为最大限度地保护文化价值而努力;全俄博物馆和文物保护学院是作为俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义共和国人民委员部的一部分创建的,其中包括著名艺术家i.e.格拉巴尔,a.v.格里什琴科,k.s.马列维奇。在各省,地方历史学家联合成学术档案委员会。他们与掠夺贵族庄园的行为作斗争,收集和保存文化和历史价值,组织教育对话。方法。研究问题的解决由一套相互关联的理论(科学文献分析、比较分析、比较、概括、系统化)和实证(来源研究和概括、解释学)方法提供。结果。苏俄的地方史运动被置于国家当局的控制之下。在内战期间,当地历史学家履行了保护文化和历史遗产的职能,组织了另一个领域的工作-研究布尔什维克党的活动的历史。结论。当地历史组织成员在极端条件下的奉献工作帮助拯救了许多文化遗产免遭破坏:例如,在库尔斯克省,内里多夫、巴里亚廷斯基、尤苏波夫和其他人的贵族庄园。他们设法维持了各组织的人员。他们的预算甚至存在,这表明他们的工作是高度组织化的。
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引用次数: 2
Descriptive Model of Regional Philosophies on the Example of the Study of Kazan Philosophy of the XIX–XX centuries 地域哲学的描述模式——以十九至二十世纪喀山哲学研究为例
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.15507/2078-9823.052.020.202004.433-444
Olga U. Poroshenko, Georgy S. Prokhorov-Malyasov
Introduction. The article discusses a descriptive model of regional philosophies on the example of the study of Kazan philosophy of the period XIX – early XX centuries. Of particular interest is the problem of describing regional philosophical systems, schools, communities, study of their structures, “mentalities” and the figures of the subjectivity of scientists, which is still little disclosed in the field of internal regional studies in Russia. According to the authors of the publication the philosophical “space” of the region can be studied both from the perspective of history, cultural studies, regional studies, regional studies, and from the perspective of sociology and philosophy itself. Materials and Methods. The sociological analysis of “regional philosophies” by R. Collins, which has significant research potential and can be used not only in the study of national/regional science, but is applicable primarily to describe the philosophical community, as the definition of structure and standards of activity of the philosophical community is largely possible due to the analysis of the influence of the social environment on the formation of philosophical views of man and the dissemination of philosophical ideas in whole. Results. The application of the sociological approach of R. Collins to develop the parameters of the descriptive model of philosophical thought in Kazan and the analysis of philosophical concepts of regional scientists revealed the “spheres of influence” and features of social networks of representatives of this regional intellectual community, thereby expanding the “colorful palette” for its description in the direction of the search for self-identity. The parameters of the model of the sociological description of “network schemes” of representatives of philosophical thought of Kazan of the XIX–XX centuries were developed and their philosophical concepts. Discussion and Conclusions. It is worth counting on a significant shift in research interest in the direction of the transition from the personal biographical data of a particular thinker in the historical era to a comprehensive analysis of scientific communities, taking into account the interaction of social, historical, economic, political and regional factors that influence the formation of the intellectual and creative life of the scientific community.
介绍。本文以十九世纪至二十世纪初喀山哲学研究为例,探讨了地域哲学的描述模式。特别令人感兴趣的是描述区域哲学体系,学校,社区,研究其结构,“心态”和科学家主体性的问题,这在俄罗斯内部区域研究领域仍然很少披露。该出版物的作者认为,区域的哲学“空间”既可以从历史、文化研究、区域研究、区域研究的角度来研究,也可以从社会学和哲学本身的角度来研究。材料与方法。R. Collins对“区域哲学”的社会学分析不仅可以用于国家/区域科学的研究,而且主要适用于哲学共同体的描述,具有重要的研究潜力。哲学共同体的结构和活动标准的界定,在很大程度上是由于分析了社会环境对人的哲学观的形成和哲学思想的整体传播的影响。结果。运用R. Collins的社会学方法发展喀山哲学思想描述模型的参数,并对地区科学家的哲学概念进行分析,揭示了该地区知识分子群体代表的“势力范围”和社会网络特征,从而在寻找自我认同的方向上扩大了其描述的“色彩调色板”。19 - 20世纪喀山哲学思想代表的“网络方案”的社会学描述模型的参数及其哲学概念得到了发展。讨论和结论。值得期待的是,研究兴趣的方向将发生重大转变,从历史时代特定思想家的个人传记资料转向对科学界的全面分析,同时考虑到影响科学界知识和创造性生活形成的社会、历史、经济、政治和区域因素之间的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education
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