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Reenactment and A-filiation in Serras da Desordem Serras da Desordem的再现与关联
Pub Date : 2019-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190496821.003.0008
Ivone Margulies
This chapter discusses Serras da Desordem (Hills of Chaos) (Andrea Tonacci, 2007), which concerns an isolated Indian who reenacts atrocities that happened thirty years earlier, including his displacement and wandering until making contact with a rancher’s family and eventually rejoining the remainder of his group. The chapter analyzes the film’s hybrid texture, its mix of reenacted scenes with archival and TV and media images and the implication of cinema in the record of multiple instances of exploitation throughout Brazilian history. It also studies two long-span films returning to events that happened twenty years earlier—Twenty Years Later: A Man Marked to Die (Eduardo Coutinho, 1964–1984) and Corumbiara (Vincent Carelli, 2006) on first contact with isolated indigenous groups as a comparison with Tonacci’s approach to return and to Brazilian history. The chapter considers Tonacci’s self-ethnographic early projects and his experimental films in relation to this ambitious allegory on Brazilian exploitation in the 1970s; it reads Tonacci’s untranslated communications by Carapiru as a willed form of opacity, an enforced, enacted process of dislocation and alienation and an indictment of Brazilian politics, a process termed “a-filiation.”
这一章讨论了Serras da Desordem(混乱之山)(Andrea Tonacci, 2007),它讲述了一个孤立的印第安人,他重演了30年前发生的暴行,包括他的流离失所和流浪,直到与一个牧场主的家人联系,并最终重新加入他的部落。本章分析了电影的混合纹理,它将重现的场景与档案、电视和媒体图像的混合,以及电影在巴西历史上多个剥削实例的记录中的含义。它还研究了两部回归20年前发生的事件的大跨度电影——《20年后:一个注定要死的人》(爱德华多·库蒂尼奥,1964-1984)和《科伦比亚拉》(文森特·卡雷利,2006),它们讲述了与孤立的土著群体的首次接触,并与托纳奇的回归方法和巴西历史进行了比较。这一章考虑了托纳奇的自我民族志早期项目和他的实验电影与这个雄心勃勃的寓言在20世纪70年代的巴西剥削;它将托纳奇的卡拉皮鲁未翻译的通信视为一种有意的不透明形式,一种强制的、制定的错位和异化过程,以及对巴西政治的控诉,这一过程被称为“结盟”。
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引用次数: 0
Estrangement and Exemplarity 隔阂与典范
Pub Date : 2019-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190496821.003.0001
Ivone Margulies
This introductory chapter starts with a brief analysis of Abbas Kiarostami’s Close-Up (1990) and the way in which reenactment serves as an ethical instrument for adjudicating motives and agency. It defines the import of in-person reenactment as a confessional-performative cinema genre distinct from other forms of dramatic reconstruction and historical or biographical illustration using actors or social actors. The notion of in-person reenactment, a mode of making public one’s past on camera so as to provide an exemplary narrative on film, is introduced as a motor of self-revision in cinema, a mode that parallels major cinematic movements of postwar realism.
本引言章节首先简要分析阿巴斯·基亚罗斯塔米(Abbas Kiarostami)的《特写》(1990),以及再现作为评判动机和代理的道德工具的方式。它将真人再现定义为一种忏悔表演电影类型,与其他形式的戏剧重建和使用演员或社会演员的历史或传记插图不同。亲身再现的概念,一种在镜头前公开个人过去的模式,以提供电影叙事的典范,作为电影自我修正的动力被引入,这种模式与战后现实主义的主要电影运动相似。
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引用次数: 0
Neorealist Reenactment as Postwar Pedagogy 作为战后教育学的新现实主义再现
Pub Date : 2019-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190496821.003.0003
Ivone Margulies
This chapter examines the Italian cinema contexts for Cesare Zavattini’s radical reconception of the notion of the nonprofessional actor—that everyone acts his or her life on camera—during the waning of neorealism. Pedinamento, closely tracking an event, and film-lampo, the investigation film, are analyzed as a transition from neorealist precepts to a verité focus on named individuals who turn their lives into exemplary narratives. Episodes from Love in the City (1953)—Zavattini and Maselli’s The Story of Caterina and Antonioni’s Attempted Suicides—are analyzed in their articulation of narrative of self-revision. A complementary omnibus project We the Women (1953) on famous stars’ everyday existence suggests the ways early 1950s reenactment engages thematically with the star system (e.g., Guarini’s Contest: 4 Actresses; 1 Hope, Franciolini’s Alida Valli) and with questions of authenticity and theatricality. In-person reenactment leads to modern cinema hybrids mixing acting and self-presentation (e.g., Visconti’s take on Magnani, Rossellini’s on Bergman).
这一章考察了在新现实主义衰落时期,切萨雷·扎瓦蒂尼对非职业演员概念的激进重新认识的意大利电影背景——每个人都在镜头前表演他或她的生活。《Pedinamento》是一部密切追踪事件的影片,《film-lampo》是一部调查片,它们被分析为从新现实主义戒律到真实关注那些把自己的生活变成典范叙事的无名个人的过渡。分析了《都市之恋》(1953)中扎瓦蒂尼和马塞利的《卡特琳娜的故事》和安东尼奥尼的《自杀未遂》两集对自我修正叙事的表达。一个关于著名明星日常生活的补充综合项目We the Women(1953)表明,20世纪50年代早期的再现方式在主题上与明星系统相结合(例如,Guarini的竞赛:4位女演员;《希望1》,弗兰西奥利尼的《阿莉达·瓦利》),以及真实性和戏剧性的问题。亲自重演导致现代电影将表演和自我呈现混合在一起(例如,维斯康蒂对马格纳尼的演绎,罗西里尼对伯格曼的演绎)。
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引用次数: 1
Trial Stages 试验阶段
Pub Date : 2019-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190496821.003.0007
Ivone Margulies
This chapter examines Rithy Pahn’s S21: The Khmer Rouge Killing Machine and its disturbing tableaus featuring the ex-guards of S21 reenacting acts of torture and reciting documents extracted under duress at the very site where these atrocities were committed. Following an interest in the dissonant effects of spare, empty sites, this chapter explores the affinity between contemporary reenactment film and juridical and psychoanalytic discourse; it considers the theatrical effects of the perpetrators’ affectless behavior in relation to notions of traumatic reenactment, and it posits, through close readings of a number of scenes, a parajuridical aesthetics based on a triangulation between performance, recitation, and a narrating figure that serves as judge/professor. Panh’s articulation of an indicting, evidentiary structure and of a disturbing witnessing position for the viewer are analyzed in contrast to documentaries made around and about the International Court of Cambodjian Crimes, including juridical reconstructions at the site.
本章考察了Rithy Pahn的S21:红色高棉杀人机器及其令人不安的场景,其中S21的前警卫重演了酷刑行为,并背诵了在这些暴行发生的地点被胁迫下提取的文件。在对空闲、空旷场所的不和谐影响感兴趣之后,本章探讨了当代重演电影与司法和精神分析话语之间的亲和力;它考虑了与创伤重演概念相关的肇事者无情行为的戏剧效果,并通过对一些场景的仔细阅读,假设了一种基于表演、背诵和作为法官/教授的叙事人物之间的三角关系的非司法美学。潘对起诉、证据结构和令人不安的目击立场的阐述,与围绕柬埔寨国际刑事法院的纪录片(包括现场的司法重建)进行了对比分析。
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引用次数: 0
Ascetic Stages 禁欲的阶段
Pub Date : 2019-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190496821.003.0006
Ivone Margulies
This chapter investigates the relationship between the spare, concentrated theatricality aesthetics favored by post-Holocaust cinema and the imperatives of modern and contemporary testimonial reenactment in posttraumatic situations. It examines the convergence between cinema, the courtroom, and in-person reenactment in Rouch, Morin, and Lanzmann’s cinema, discussing how the viewer is implicated in these post-verité reenactments (Williams, Nichols). The chapter looks in particular to the monologue reenactment as a privileged form of testimonial in situations evoking atrocities (Ganda’s monologue in Moi un Noir, Marceline’s in Chronicle of a Summer, and Karski’s in The Karski’s Report). It relates these films’ conflation of past and present to other revisitations of empty sites in Night and Fog and testimony films such as Time of the Ghetto (Rossif, 1961) as well as Loridan Iven’s La petite prairie aux bouleaux. And it discusses the repetitive movements of Lanzmann’s touching camera as a form of phatic reenactment.
本章探讨了大屠杀后电影所青睐的多余的、集中的戏剧性美学与创伤后情景中现当代见证重演的必要性之间的关系。它考察了Rouch, Morin和Lanzmann的电影中电影,法庭和现场重演之间的融合,讨论了观众如何参与这些后真实性重演(Williams, Nichols)。这一章特别关注独白重演,将其作为一种特权形式,在唤起暴行的情况下作证(甘达在《黑色的我》中的独白,马瑟琳娜在《夏天的编年史》中的独白,以及卡斯基在《卡斯基的报告》中的独白)。它将这些电影对过去和现在的融合与《夜与雾》中对空旷地点的重新审视以及《贫民窟的时间》(罗西夫,1961年)等见证性电影以及洛里丹·艾文的《小草原》联系起来。它讨论了兰兹曼的触摸相机的重复运动作为一种形式的艺术再现。
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引用次数: 0
Celebrity Reenactment, Biopic, and the Mortal Body 名人重演,传记片,和凡人的身体
Pub Date : 2019-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190496821.003.0004
Ivone Margulies
This chapter analyzes two stars’ biopics from the 1950s: Carlos Velo’s Torero! on bullfighter Luis Procuna and Sophia: Her Own Story (1980) featuring the famous Loren playing herself and her mother in a TV biopic. The chapter analyzes the constraints posed to celebrity self-reenactment: how different temporal orders: of biology (the star’s aging body), the recurrent circuitry of star iconography, and the flexible order of aesthetic representation balance precariously in these narratives. Taking the cue from André Bazin’s analysis on bullfighting and death in the cinema, this chapter analyzes the specific roles of archival footage and of reenactment in star biopics. In particular, it looks at how reenactment’s temporal indeterminacy contrasts with documentary images of bullfights. The chapter situates Velo’s work within Mexican experiments with ciné-verdad as well as Zavattini’s international influence in these efforts in 1950s Mexico.
本章分析了20世纪50年代的两部明星传记片:卡洛斯·维洛的《托雷罗!》在斗牛士路易斯·普罗库纳和索菲亚:她自己的故事(1980年)中,著名的罗兰在一部电视传记片中扮演自己和她的母亲。这一章分析了对名人自我再现的限制:不同的时间顺序:生物学(明星衰老的身体),明星肖像的循环循环,以及审美表现的灵活秩序在这些叙事中如何不稳定地平衡。以安德烈·巴赞对电影中的斗牛和死亡的分析为线索,本章分析了档案镜头和明星传记片中的重演的具体作用。特别地,它着眼于再现的时间不确定性如何与斗牛的纪实图像形成对比。这一章将Velo的工作置于墨西哥对cin -verdad的实验中,以及1950年代墨西哥Zavattini在这些努力中的国际影响。
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引用次数: 0
Casting Relatives 铸造的亲戚
Pub Date : 2019-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190496821.003.0002
Ivone Margulies
This chapter briefly situates approaches to early cinema reenactment and embodied spectatorship (Allison Griffith, Kristen Whissel, Mary Ann Doane) as well as the reception for reconstructions of past events (Miriam Hansen and Dan Streible). It reflects on the notion of social representativity prevalent in 1930s cinema as well as the reasons why the choice of actual members of a family may or may not matter in reenactment (Joris Ivens, Robert Flaherty, and Georges Rouquier). The chapter focuses on attempts to address the limits of reenactment through genetic links or an overemphasis on literalness: Orson Welles’s Four Men in a Raft (one of the episodes [1942] projected for It’s All True and reconstructed in 1993); Leslie Woodhead and Bud Greenspan’s Endurance, the reenacted biography of Haile Gebrselassie the Olympic runner, cast with many of his family members; and Zhang Yuan’s Sons, where an entire family reenacts the period prior to the internment of the father for alcoholism.
本章简要介绍了早期电影再现和具体化观众的方法(艾莉森·格里菲斯、克里斯汀·维塞尔、玛丽·安·多恩),以及对过去事件的重建的接受(米里亚姆·汉森和丹·斯特里布尔)。它反映了20世纪30年代电影中流行的社会代表性概念,以及为什么家庭实际成员的选择在重演中可能重要,也可能不重要(Joris Ivens, Robert Flaherty和Georges Rouquier)。这一章的重点是试图通过基因联系或过分强调字面意义来解决重演的局限性:奥逊·威尔斯的《木筏上的四个人》(1942年为《一切都是真的》计划的情节之一,并于1993年重建);莱斯利·伍德黑德(Leslie Woodhead)和巴德·格林斯潘(Bud Greenspan)的《耐力》(Endurance),这是奥运会赛跑运动员海尔·格布雷塞拉西(Haile Gebrselassie)传记的翻拍版,演员包括他的许多家庭成员;和张源的儿子们,在那里,整个家庭重演了父亲因酗酒被拘留之前的时期。
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引用次数: 0
A Sort of Psychodrama 一种心理剧
Pub Date : 2019-01-24 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190496821.003.0005
Ivone Margulies
This chapter explores the political and cultural contours of the late 1950s impetus for autocritique in France, focusing on two films engaged with antiracist role-play and self-awareness: The Human Pyramid (Jean Rouch, 1959) and Chronicle of a Summer (Rouch and Morin, 1961). The chapter tracks the reception of psychodrama and group dynamics in late 1950s France correlating interests on authenticity, self-determination, and racism apparent in publications such as Arguments (Morin’s coedited journal) to cinema verité’s intent to stage a transformative process on camera. This program coalesces in Chronicle’s notorious postscreening scene, and it also emerges in The Human Pyramid’s suspended resolution in achieving an integration between French and African students at a high school in Ivory Coast. The quandaries of trying to register process in film are highlighted in the fixation with authentic emergent speech in cinema verité and in analyses of the brilliant ruptures of registers in The Human Pyramid.
本章探讨了20世纪50年代末法国自我批判的政治和文化轮廓,重点关注两部涉及反种族主义角色扮演和自我意识的电影:《人的金字塔》(让·鲁什,1959年)和《夏天纪事》(鲁什和莫兰,1961年)。这一章追踪了20世纪50年代末法国对心理剧和群体动力学的接受,将真实性、自决和种族主义的兴趣联系起来,这些兴趣在诸如《争论》(莫兰合编的杂志)等出版物中明显表现出来,与电影真实性在镜头上上演变革过程的意图相关联。这个项目在《纪事报》臭名昭著的放映后场景中得到了融合,它也出现在《人类金字塔》在科特迪瓦一所高中实现法国和非洲学生融合的暂停决议中。试图在电影中记录过程的困境,在电影真实性中对真实的突发言语的关注,以及在《人类金字塔》中对记录的辉煌断裂的分析中都得到了突出的体现。
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引用次数: 0
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In Person
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