Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.5771/9783845279893-585
M. Sharanya, K. Aswani, M. Sabu
The pollination biology of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels, popularly known as bottle brush tree (Myrtaceae), a highly ornamental tree was investigated. In Calicut, it flowers throughout the year, except in July with peak blooming in April-May. During the peak flowering period, nearly 150±50 flowers/plant bloom every day. Inflorescence is a pendent spike with flowers opening between 1100 and 1200 h in an acropetal succession and the life span of an individual flower is 3-4 days. Anthers dehisce between 1300 and 1400 h. Fresh Pollen grains at the time of anthesis showed maximum (94.2±2 %) viability, thereafter the viability decreased steadily. Nectar is secreted on inner hypanthial disc atop the ovary. Flowers are visited by several birds, wasps, bees, butterflies and ants. Among these Nectarinia zeylonica, Loriculus vernalis, Chloropsis jerdoni, Vespa affinis, Polistes spp., Apis dorsata and Apis cerana are major pollinators. Other floral visitors include Trigona irridepennis, Tetragonula sp., various ants like Anoplolepis gracilipes, Camponotus parius, Polyrachis sp., butterflies like Euploea core, Rapala manae and Hypolimnas missipus are nectar robbers. Fruits are woody capsules and remain attached on the plant even after flowering in the next season. The highest fruit yield (85%) was recorded in open pollinated conditions.
{"title":"Article 12","authors":"M. Sharanya, K. Aswani, M. Sabu","doi":"10.5771/9783845279893-585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845279893-585","url":null,"abstract":"The pollination biology of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels, popularly known as bottle brush tree (Myrtaceae), a highly ornamental tree was investigated. In Calicut, it flowers throughout the year, except in July with peak blooming in April-May. During the peak flowering period, nearly 150±50 flowers/plant bloom every day. Inflorescence is a pendent spike with flowers opening between 1100 and 1200 h in an acropetal succession and the life span of an individual flower is 3-4 days. Anthers dehisce between 1300 and 1400 h. Fresh Pollen grains at the time of anthesis showed maximum (94.2±2 %) viability, thereafter the viability decreased steadily. Nectar is secreted on inner hypanthial disc atop the ovary. Flowers are visited by several birds, wasps, bees, butterflies and ants. Among these Nectarinia zeylonica, Loriculus vernalis, Chloropsis jerdoni, Vespa affinis, Polistes spp., Apis dorsata and Apis cerana are major pollinators. Other floral visitors include Trigona irridepennis, Tetragonula sp., various ants like Anoplolepis gracilipes, Camponotus parius, Polyrachis sp., butterflies like Euploea core, Rapala manae and Hypolimnas missipus are nectar robbers. Fruits are woody capsules and remain attached on the plant even after flowering in the next season. The highest fruit yield (85%) was recorded in open pollinated conditions.","PeriodicalId":407147,"journal":{"name":"European Financial Services Law","volume":"16 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132737390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-02-25DOI: 10.5771/9783845279893-34
Kiyoshi Kato, T. Munehisa, T. Muta
{"title":"Introduction to Chapter I","authors":"Kiyoshi Kato, T. Munehisa, T. Muta","doi":"10.5771/9783845279893-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845279893-34","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407147,"journal":{"name":"European Financial Services Law","volume":"113 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132360111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5771/9783845279893-604
G. Sullivan
This paper summarizes the details of a restoration project to restore the Hennepin Lake and Hopper Lake wetlands ecosystems after being drained as part of a levee project in 1912. This project was used as an example of restoration that could possibly be applied to different wetlands in the Illinois River region. Restoration of natural processes to refill the lake beds and specific applications of herbicide to reduce native and exotic weeds prior to restoring upland habitats are explained. Further development includes introducing native prairie seeds and nursery-grown specimens to increase plant diversity. Details on a study that involves the economic impact potential of this project can be found by Prato and Hey.
{"title":"Article 51","authors":"G. Sullivan","doi":"10.5771/9783845279893-604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845279893-604","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the details of a restoration project to restore the Hennepin Lake and Hopper Lake wetlands ecosystems after being drained as part of a levee project in 1912. This project was used as an example of restoration that could possibly be applied to different wetlands in the Illinois River region. Restoration of natural processes to refill the lake beds and specific applications of herbicide to reduce native and exotic weeds prior to restoring upland habitats are explained. Further development includes introducing native prairie seeds and nursery-grown specimens to increase plant diversity. Details on a study that involves the economic impact potential of this project can be found by Prato and Hey.","PeriodicalId":407147,"journal":{"name":"European Financial Services Law","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114983474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5771/9783845279893-994
{"title":"Article 9 Validity of a prospectus, base prospectus and registration document","authors":"","doi":"10.5771/9783845279893-994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845279893-994","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407147,"journal":{"name":"European Financial Services Law","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127225094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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