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Data dreams and the distrust of discretion 数据梦和对谨慎的不信任
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i3.140279
Anja Svejgaard Pors, K. Z. Pedersen, Line Kirkegaard
How is the dream of artificial intelligence and the potentiality of data shaped among managers in the public administration? What roles are assigned to the frontline employee in data-driven welfare? Based on observations of municipal managers and consultants, the article examines a project group’s attempt to introduce artificial intelligence in municipal employment efforts. The distrust in the frontline employee mimics research traditions in studies of management and professions. In alignment with these research traditions, the data dream problematizes how human experience distorts political goals, impairs organizational value creation, is driven by individual coping strategies or professional interest and therefore does not provide appropriate welfare service.
人工智能的梦想和数据的潜力是如何在公共行政管理人员中形成的?在数据驱动型福利中,一线员工的角色是什么?基于对市政管理者和顾问的观察,本文考察了一个项目组在市政就业工作中引入人工智能的尝试。一线员工的不信任模仿了管理和职业研究中的研究传统。与这些研究传统一致,数据梦提出了人类经验如何扭曲政治目标,损害组织价值创造,受个人应对策略或专业兴趣驱动,因此不能提供适当的福利服务的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Drømmen om datadrevet velfærd
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i3.140316
Anja Svejgaard Pors, Kirstine Zinck Pedersen, Line Kirkegaard
Hvordan formes drømmen om potentialet i data og kunstig intelligens blandt ledere i den offentlige forvaltning, og hvilke roller tildeles frontlinjemedarbejderen i den datadrevne velfærd? Baseret på observationer af kommunale ledere og konsulentoplæg undersøger artiklen de datadrømme, som omgærder udviklingsarbejdet med at introducere kunstig intelligens i kommunale beskæftigelsesindsatser. Deres datadrømme indebærer en kritik af frontlinjemedarbejderen, som mimer den etablerede ledelses- og professionsforskning, hvor frontlinjemedarbejderens praksis problematiseres: I datadrømmene kritiseres frontlinjemedarbejderens dømmekraft for i udstrakt grad alene at være baseret på menneskelig erfaring, individuelle mestringsstrategier eller professionsbårne interesser og derfor ikke varetage borgerens behov, hvilket gør, at den organisatoriske værdiskabelse forringes.
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引用次数: 0
Beslutningsunderstøttende algoritmer i det offentlige: påvirkningen af sagsbehandlerens skøn og begrundelse
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i3.140267
Ayo Næsborg-Andersen, Ole Hammerslev, Jøren Ullits
Sagsbehandlerne i forvaltningen skal træffe afgørelser på et oplyst og objektivt grundlag og være i stand til at begrunde afgørelserne. De assisteres dog i stigende grad af beslutningsunderstøttende algoritmer, der er skabt til at generere output fremfor at tilvejebringe en forklaring. Denne udvikling kan effektivisere og forbedre arbejdsgange, men kan også udfordre forvaltningsretlige krav til skøn og begrundelse, der hviler på grundlæggende retssikkerhedsmæssige principper om blandt andet en tilstrækkelig sagsoplysning og forudberegnelighed. Ved at bruge ASTA-rapportens data om sagsbehandleres oplevelser af og praksis med brugen af algoritmer i risikovurderingen af nyledige illustreres, hvordan automation bias og black box-paradokset kan påvirke sagsbehandlerens skøn og begrundelse. Så på trods af en måske mere effektiv håndtering af større datamængder via algoritmer kan det udfordre nogle af retsstatens grundlæggende principper.
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引用次数: 1
Etiske perspektiver på offentlig topledelse af digitalisering
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i3.140274
Kenneth Kristensen
Digitaliseringen af den offentlige sektor er kommet for at blive, og den indebærer væsentlige etiske dilemmaer, som topledelsen aktivt må gå ind i. Denne videnskabelige kronik tilbyder et overblik over etiske temaer i digitaliseringen og en række konkrete eksempler. Topledelsen har ansvaret, magten og mulighederne, og det er derfor tydeligt, at der ikke er en neutral position for topledelsen i forhold til anvendelse af digitale teknologier. Kronikken argumenterer for, at det ikke er tilstrækkeligt, at topledelsen respekterer politiske prioriteringer og afsøger offentlige værdier blandt interessenterne. Topledelsen må med afsæt i den kommunikative etik også søge indsigt i digitaliseringen og formulere sit eget etiske ståsted i de digitale dilemmaer.
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引用次数: 0
Mellem politik og administration: det kommunale topembedsværk
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i3.140276
Filip Strunge Steffensen
Studier viser, at kommunale topembedsmænd prioriterer den politiske betjening højt. Dette fund er i den eksisterende litteratur blevet brugt til at sige noget om den rolle, som de kommunale topembedsmænd på tværs af lande indtager over for politikerne. Hidtil er dette hovedsagelig blevet undersøgt gennem spørgeskemaer, der fokuserer på kontaktmønstre og omfanget af den politiske betjening. I denne artikel argumenterer jeg i stedet for at studere rolleopfattelsen gennem interviews, hvilket giver adgang til erfaringsnære beskrivelser af topembedsmændenes rolleopfattelse. Gennem 12 interviews viser jeg, at de kommunale topembedsmænd opfatter deres rolle som oversættere, bindeled og mediatorer, hvilket indebærer en vekslende bevægelse mellem det politiske og administrative niveau. Embedsmændene finder det vigtigt at betjene det politiske niveau samtidig med, at de opfatter deres rolle som partipolitisk neutral. Det skaber et krydspres, som topembedsmændene forsøger at balancere ved at benytte tre strategier, der skal skærme dem mod uhensigtsmæssig politisk indblanding: De rådfører, oplærer og adgangsbegrænser.
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引用次数: 0
Styring af myndigheders teknologianvendelse: Hvad kan og bør gøres?
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i3.140275
U. Røhl
Både i Danmark og internationalt hersker der usikkerhed om den rette vej frem i forhold til konsekvenserne af digital teknologi i den offentlige sektor. Fordele og ulemper ved automatiseret sagsbehandling kan anskues som et koncentrat af myndigheders teknologianvendelse generelt. Kronikken argumenterer for nødvendigheden af stærkere styring af anvendelsen af automatiseret sagsbehandling for blandt andet at forebygge en øget asymmetri mellem statsapparatet og borger. Med sigte på at anspore til videre debat foreslås en stærkere styring gennemført via i) styrkelse af relevant faglig ekspertise blandt særlig myndigheders top- og mellemledere; ii) udpegning af sagkyndigt udvalg med fokus på behov for supplerende lovgivning og vejledninger; og iii) opprioritering og opkvalificering af tilsynsmyndigheder med særlig fokus på systemmæssige og organisatoriske aspekter af automatiseret sagsbehandling.
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引用次数: 0
Decision-supporting algorithms in the public sector: The influence on caseworkers’ discretionary assessment and reasoning 公共部门决策支持算法:对个案工作者自由评估和推理的影响
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i3.140278
Ayo Næsborg-Andersen, Ole Hammerslev, Jøren Ullits
Caseworkers in the public administration must make decisions based on accurate and objective information and be able to explain their reasoning. They are increasingly relying on decision-supporting algorithms that prioritize output over reasoning. While these algorithms can streamline and improve workflows, they also challenge fundamental principles of legal certainty. Utilizing data from the ASTA report on caseworkers’ experiences with algorithms in risk assessments of newly unemployed individuals as a case, we examine how automation bias and the black box paradox can affect caseworkers’ reasoning and justification of decisions. While the decision-making process may become more efficient in handling large datasets, fundamental principles of the rule of law may be challenged.
公共行政中的个案工作者必须根据准确客观的信息做出决策,并能够解释他们的推理。他们越来越依赖于优先考虑输出而非推理的决策支持算法。虽然这些算法可以简化和改进工作流程,但它们也挑战了法律确定性的基本原则。利用ASTA关于个案工作者在新失业个体风险评估中使用算法的经验报告中的数据作为案例,我们研究了自动化偏见和黑箱悖论如何影响个案工作者的推理和决策辩护。虽然决策过程在处理大型数据集方面可能变得更加有效,但法治的基本原则可能受到挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Governing technology use by public authorities: What can and should be done? 管理公共机构使用的技术:可以做什么,应该做什么?
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i3.140291
U. Røhl
Both in Denmark and abroad, discussions of the consequences of public authorities’ use of technology abound. Advantages and disadvantages of use of automated, administrative decision-making can be perceived as an embodiment of authorities’ use of technology in general. The article calls for increased management of use of automated, administrative decision-making to, among other consequences, prevent an increased imbalance between state apparatus and individual citizens. Hoping to stimulate further debate, three policy suggestions are put forward: i) strengthen relevant professional expertise particularly among high and mid-level public servants; ii) appoint an expert committee focusing on the need for supplementary legislation and guidance; and iii) increased focus and knowledge among regulatory authorities with a particular focus on technical and organizational aspects of automated, administrative decision-making.
无论是在丹麦还是在国外,关于公共当局使用技术的后果的讨论比比皆是。使用自动化行政决策的利弊可以被视为当局对一般技术使用的体现。这篇文章呼吁加强对自动化行政决策使用的管理,以防止国家机器和公民个人之间的不平衡加剧。为了激发进一步的讨论,我提出了三条政策建议:1)加强相关专业知识,特别是在中高层公务员中;Ii)任命一个专家委员会,重点关注补充立法和指导的必要性;以及iii)监管当局对自动化行政决策的技术和组织方面的特别关注和知识的增加。
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引用次数: 0
Between politics and administration: Evidence from Danish local government 政治与行政之间:来自丹麦地方政府的证据
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i3.140292
Filip Strunge Steffensen
Studies show that top civil servants in Danish local government emphasize giving political advice. This finding has been used to deduce information about the role that top municipal officials across countries play vis-à-vis politicians. The existing literature has examined this through questionnaires, but in this article, I propose studying role perceptions through interviews, which provide access to thick descriptions of the role of top officials. Through 12 interviews, I show that top municipal officials perceive their role as translators, liaisons and mediators, implying a frequent interaction between the political and administrative level. While officials find it important to serve the political level, it is also a central part of the role perception that they understand themselves as politically neutral. This creates a cross-pressure that officials try to balance by employing three strategies to shield them from inappropriate political interference: They seek advice, educate and restrict access.
研究表明,丹麦地方政府的高层公务员强调提供政治建议。这一发现被用来推断各国高级市政官员在-à-vis政治家面前所扮演的角色。现有的文献已经通过问卷调查来检验这一点,但在本文中,我建议通过访谈来研究角色认知,这提供了对高层官员角色的详细描述。通过12次访谈,我发现市政高层官员认为他们的角色是翻译、联络人和调解人,这意味着政治和行政层面之间的频繁互动。虽然官员们认为为政治层面服务很重要,但他们认为自己在政治上是中立的,这也是角色认知的一个核心部分。这造成了一种交叉压力,官员们试图通过采用三种策略来平衡这种压力,以保护他们免受不适当的政治干预:他们寻求建议、教育和限制接触。
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引用次数: 0
Ethical perspectives on public top leadership of digitalization 数字化公共高层领导的伦理视角
0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i3.140290
Kenneth Kristensen
Digitalization of the public sector is here to stay, and it involves significant ethical dilemmas that the top management must actively address. This article offers an overview of ethical themes in digitalization and several concrete examples. The top management has the responsibility, power and opportunities, and it is therefore clear that there is no neutral position for the top management in relation to the use of digital technologies. The article argues that it is not enough for the top management to respect political priorities and involves public values among stakeholders. Based on communicative ethics, the top management must also seek insight into digitalization and formulate its own ethical stance in the digital dilemmas.
公共部门的数字化将继续存在,它涉及重大的道德困境,高层管理人员必须积极解决。本文概述了数字化中的伦理主题和几个具体的例子。最高管理层有责任、权力和机会,因此很明显,在数字技术的使用方面,最高管理层没有中立的立场。本文认为,高层管理人员仅仅尊重政治优先事项并在利益相关者中纳入公共价值观是不够的。在沟通伦理的基础上,高层管理者也必须寻求对数字化的洞察,并在数字化困境中形成自己的伦理立场。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Filosofia Politica
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