This paper concerns information dissemination in the Livland province of the Russian Empire at the turn of the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries, when its rulers sent their orders to the provincial capital, Riga, by horse post. In Riga they were translated into German, and the ancient network of information dissemination used by the Lutheran Church was engaged. The orders of both the Empire and provincial rulers were delivered to Lutheran pastors, who announced this information to their parishes from the pulpit, speaking in Latvian or Estonian so as to be understood by local peasants (serfs), and allowed the texts to circulate around the manors of the parish. The infrastructure of the information network, its maintenance and threats, the speed of information distribution, information safety and security, and the fight against the delivery of false information are all topics of consideration. It is then concluded that information technology has changed drastically throughout time, but the problems it confronts remain quite similar.
{"title":"Before newspapers and the telegraph: information distribution in Livland more than two hundred years ago","authors":"B. Martuzāns","doi":"10.3366/lih.2020.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/lih.2020.0020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concerns information dissemination in the Livland province of the Russian Empire at the turn of the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries, when its rulers sent their orders to the provincial capital, Riga, by horse post. In Riga they were translated into German, and the ancient network of information dissemination used by the Lutheran Church was engaged. The orders of both the Empire and provincial rulers were delivered to Lutheran pastors, who announced this information to their parishes from the pulpit, speaking in Latvian or Estonian so as to be understood by local peasants (serfs), and allowed the texts to circulate around the manors of the parish. The infrastructure of the information network, its maintenance and threats, the speed of information distribution, information safety and security, and the fight against the delivery of false information are all topics of consideration. It is then concluded that information technology has changed drastically throughout time, but the problems it confronts remain quite similar.","PeriodicalId":40793,"journal":{"name":"Library & Information History","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77744665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early Public Libraries and Colonial Citizenship in the British Southern Hemisphere, by Lara Atkin, Sarah Comyn, Porscha Fermanis and Nathan Garvey","authors":"I. Morrison","doi":"10.3366/lih.2020.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/lih.2020.0021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40793,"journal":{"name":"Library & Information History","volume":"18 1","pages":"135-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82422744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Lost Gutenberg: The Astounding Story of One Book's Five-Hundred-Year Odyssey, by Margaret Leslie Davis","authors":"Karen Limper-Herz","doi":"10.3366/lih.2020.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/lih.2020.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40793,"journal":{"name":"Library & Information History","volume":"71 1","pages":"139-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86414907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Globalizing the Library: Librarians and Development Work, 1945–1970, by Amanda Laugesen","authors":"A. Olden","doi":"10.3366/lih.2020.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/lih.2020.0024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40793,"journal":{"name":"Library & Information History","volume":"12 1","pages":"141-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72864798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Libraries in Leeds: A Historical Survey, 1152 – c.1939, by P. S. Morrish","authors":"Bob Duckett","doi":"10.3366/lih.2020.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/lih.2020.0025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40793,"journal":{"name":"Library & Information History","volume":"37 1","pages":"143-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74753000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lire sous l'occupation: livres, lecteurs, lectures, 1939–1944, by Jacques Cantier","authors":"Sophie Defrance","doi":"10.3366/lih.2020.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/lih.2020.0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40793,"journal":{"name":"Library & Information History","volume":"75 1","pages":"137-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80945673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines Swedish literature policies since the 1970s and the construction of the literate child as expressed in policy texts. Literacy has in the past few decades, in Sweden as well as in other countries, been linked to economic growth and citizenship. In these political processes, some reading practices are considered beneficial and others less beneficial or even harmful. Using Carol Bacchi's policy analysis, this study reveals an increased interest in children's reading practices. There has been a movement in the argumentation from identifying the lack of access to high-quality literature to emphasising lack of reading ability as the main problem. Also noticeable is that the responsibility of educating children about the virtues of reading is placed on parents in the later policy texts, whereas institutions such as school and libraries are defined as the sole reading educators in earlier policies. The results presented in this study shed light on the changing conditions for library work.
{"title":"Constructing the literate child: an analysis of Swedish literature policy","authors":"Åse Hedemark","doi":"10.3366/lih.2020.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/lih.2020.0018","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines Swedish literature policies since the 1970s and the construction of the literate child as expressed in policy texts. Literacy has in the past few decades, in Sweden as well as in other countries, been linked to economic growth and citizenship. In these political processes, some reading practices are considered beneficial and others less beneficial or even harmful. Using Carol Bacchi's policy analysis, this study reveals an increased interest in children's reading practices. There has been a movement in the argumentation from identifying the lack of access to high-quality literature to emphasising lack of reading ability as the main problem. Also noticeable is that the responsibility of educating children about the virtues of reading is placed on parents in the later policy texts, whereas institutions such as school and libraries are defined as the sole reading educators in earlier policies. The results presented in this study shed light on the changing conditions for library work.","PeriodicalId":40793,"journal":{"name":"Library & Information History","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86918360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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