Pub Date : 2015-05-20DOI: 10.5220/0005488102940299
O. Palizban, K. Kauhaniemi
The hierarchical control structure of a microgrid can be described as consisting of four levels: processing, sensing and adjusting, monitoring and supervising, and maintenance and optimizing. This paper focuses on the secondary control level, which can be classified as centralized or decentralized control. A comprehensive investigation of both centralized and decentralized control is presented in this paper. Decentralized control is proposed in order to deal with some of the disadvantages of central control, such as the high risk of unplanned interruption arising from a Microgrid Central Controller (MGCC) malfunction. However, decentralized control is not yet complete, and some challenges to its implementation remain. This paper also looks at these challenges and proposes some solutions that may help to improve the performance of decentralized control and overcome its disadvantages. Finally, a general methodology of microgrid control is modeled.
{"title":"Secondary control in AC microgrids challenges and solutions","authors":"O. Palizban, K. Kauhaniemi","doi":"10.5220/0005488102940299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005488102940299","url":null,"abstract":"The hierarchical control structure of a microgrid can be described as consisting of four levels: processing, sensing and adjusting, monitoring and supervising, and maintenance and optimizing. This paper focuses on the secondary control level, which can be classified as centralized or decentralized control. A comprehensive investigation of both centralized and decentralized control is presented in this paper. Decentralized control is proposed in order to deal with some of the disadvantages of central control, such as the high risk of unplanned interruption arising from a Microgrid Central Controller (MGCC) malfunction. However, decentralized control is not yet complete, and some challenges to its implementation remain. This paper also looks at these challenges and proposes some solutions that may help to improve the performance of decentralized control and overcome its disadvantages. Finally, a general methodology of microgrid control is modeled.","PeriodicalId":408526,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129283670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-20DOI: 10.5220/0005451702340240
Mustapha Hatti, H. Rahmani
European cities have established programs integrating the energy, transport and ICT sectors in order to deliver more efficient services for their populations. The paper tackles the study of feasibility to implement fuzzy logic control into an energetic hybrid system and to optimize the membership functions of the fuzzy logic controller for the Photovoltaic-Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell hybrid system using genetic algorithm (GA). The paper deals with a fuzzy logic control strategy objective to produce electrical energy according to the demand, prone to the constraints and the dynamics of the physical load and intermittence of the energetic resource, by distributing the energy demand between the photovoltaic field and the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell system. Photovoltaic-Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell is described in detail as well as system configuration and components' parameters. The second section devotes to demonstrating the design process of fuzzy logic control for Photovoltaic-Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell hybrid System. Finally, the optimal control problem is addressed and genetic algorithm is introduced to help find a set of optimum parameters in the fuzzy logic controller, best results are obtained and good optimization of the hybrid system is highlighted.
{"title":"Fine-tuning genetic algorithm for photovoltaic-proton exchange membrane fuel cell hybrid system optimization","authors":"Mustapha Hatti, H. Rahmani","doi":"10.5220/0005451702340240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005451702340240","url":null,"abstract":"European cities have established programs integrating the energy, transport and ICT sectors in order to deliver more efficient services for their populations. The paper tackles the study of feasibility to implement fuzzy logic control into an energetic hybrid system and to optimize the membership functions of the fuzzy logic controller for the Photovoltaic-Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell hybrid system using genetic algorithm (GA). The paper deals with a fuzzy logic control strategy objective to produce electrical energy according to the demand, prone to the constraints and the dynamics of the physical load and intermittence of the energetic resource, by distributing the energy demand between the photovoltaic field and the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell system. Photovoltaic-Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell is described in detail as well as system configuration and components' parameters. The second section devotes to demonstrating the design process of fuzzy logic control for Photovoltaic-Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell hybrid System. Finally, the optimal control problem is addressed and genetic algorithm is introduced to help find a set of optimum parameters in the fuzzy logic controller, best results are obtained and good optimization of the hybrid system is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":408526,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133148578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-20DOI: 10.5220/0005434301360147
R. V. Leeuwen, J. Fink, G. Smit
In this paper we investigate optimal control of a group of heat pumps. Each heat pump provides space heating and domestic hot water to a single household. Besides a heat pump, each house has a buffer for domestic hot water and a floor heating system for space heating. The paper describes models and algorithms used for the prediction and planning steps in order to obtain a planning for the heat pumps. The optimization algorithm minimizes the maximum peak electricity demand of the district. Simulated results demonstrate the resulting aggregated electricity demand, the obtained thermal comfort and the state of charge of the domestic hot water storage for an example house. Our results show that a model predictive control outperforms conventional control of individual heat pumps based on feedback control principles.
{"title":"Central model predictive control of a group of domestic heat pumps case study for a small district","authors":"R. V. Leeuwen, J. Fink, G. Smit","doi":"10.5220/0005434301360147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005434301360147","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we investigate optimal control of a group of heat pumps. Each heat pump provides space heating and domestic hot water to a single household. Besides a heat pump, each house has a buffer for domestic hot water and a floor heating system for space heating. The paper describes models and algorithms used for the prediction and planning steps in order to obtain a planning for the heat pumps. The optimization algorithm minimizes the maximum peak electricity demand of the district. Simulated results demonstrate the resulting aggregated electricity demand, the obtained thermal comfort and the state of charge of the domestic hot water storage for an example house. Our results show that a model predictive control outperforms conventional control of individual heat pumps based on feedback control principles.","PeriodicalId":408526,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116045970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-20DOI: 10.5220/0005434502090216
Roman Jonetzko, Matthias Detzler, K. Gollmer, Achim Guldner, Marcel Huber, R. Michels, Stefan Naumann
The number of electronic devices in households as well as in industrial workplaces is continuously growing because of progress in automation. Identifying unusual operating behavior, detecting device failures in advance, and recognizing energy saving potentials are key features to improve the reliability, safety, and profitability of those systems. Facing these tasks, todays research is focused inter alia on a non-intrusive load monitoring approach, where the electrical signal is measured at a central point with modern hardware and processed by pattern recognition algorithms. Thus, we developed a smart meter prototype with a high sampling frequency, which allows for continuous measurement of the current and voltage from three-phase power lines. Besides this, in this paper we describe the usage of current-only measurement data (simple and safe installation using current transformers) with which we were able to classify state changes of a mobile air-conditioner with the help of Fourier descriptors as well as with additional voltage measurement.
{"title":"High frequency non-intrusive electric device detection and diagnosis","authors":"Roman Jonetzko, Matthias Detzler, K. Gollmer, Achim Guldner, Marcel Huber, R. Michels, Stefan Naumann","doi":"10.5220/0005434502090216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005434502090216","url":null,"abstract":"The number of electronic devices in households as well as in industrial workplaces is continuously growing because of progress in automation. Identifying unusual operating behavior, detecting device failures in advance, and recognizing energy saving potentials are key features to improve the reliability, safety, and profitability of those systems. Facing these tasks, todays research is focused inter alia on a non-intrusive load monitoring approach, where the electrical signal is measured at a central point with modern hardware and processed by pattern recognition algorithms. Thus, we developed a smart meter prototype with a high sampling frequency, which allows for continuous measurement of the current and voltage from three-phase power lines. Besides this, in this paper we describe the usage of current-only measurement data (simple and safe installation using current transformers) with which we were able to classify state changes of a mobile air-conditioner with the help of Fourier descriptors as well as with additional voltage measurement.","PeriodicalId":408526,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116054418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-20DOI: 10.5220/0005494403950400
I. Wojnicki, S. Ernst, L. Kotulski
Smart grid stakeholders have partially opposing goals. New tools and utilities are needed to reach them. The paper discusses prospective products and benefits of the Green AGH Campus Project. The project provides energy management infrastructure being a test bed for future smart grid solutions. It is based on three main components: an Advanced Distribution Management System, a Power Data Warehouse and a Simulation System. Coupled together, they are capable of providing advices regarding either optimization of grid operations, or its design and topology. The optimizations are multicriteria and multivariant balancing stakeholders' needs.
{"title":"Prospective products and benefits of the Green AGH Campus Project: Providing scaled-down future smart grid experience","authors":"I. Wojnicki, S. Ernst, L. Kotulski","doi":"10.5220/0005494403950400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005494403950400","url":null,"abstract":"Smart grid stakeholders have partially opposing goals. New tools and utilities are needed to reach them. The paper discusses prospective products and benefits of the Green AGH Campus Project. The project provides energy management infrastructure being a test bed for future smart grid solutions. It is based on three main components: an Advanced Distribution Management System, a Power Data Warehouse and a Simulation System. Coupled together, they are capable of providing advices regarding either optimization of grid operations, or its design and topology. The optimizations are multicriteria and multivariant balancing stakeholders' needs.","PeriodicalId":408526,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123450770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-20DOI: 10.5220/0005431401290135
B. Kausika, O. Dolla, W. Folkerts, B. Siebenga, P. Hermans, W. Sark
This paper presents a working model to estimate the solar photovoltaic potential using high-resolution LiDAR data and Geographic Information Systems. This bottom-up approach method has been selected to arrive at the potential as this gives a better estimate than a top-down approach. The novelty of the study lies in estimating the potential at high resolution and classifying the rooftop as suitable or not for solar photovoltaic installations based on factors like irradiation, slope and orientation. The city of Apeldoorn in the Netherlands has been selected as the study area. The model was able to successfully locate suitable sites for photovoltaic installations at rooftop level. In addition, the area feasible for the installations and the potential power output has also been calculated. We conclude that the city has a potential of 319 MWp capacity, which would yield 283.9 GWh/yr in relation to the 304 GWh/yr consumption from residential buildings in the area.
{"title":"Bottom-up analysis of the solar photovoltaic potential for a city in the Netherlands: A working model for calculating the potential using high resolution LiDAR data","authors":"B. Kausika, O. Dolla, W. Folkerts, B. Siebenga, P. Hermans, W. Sark","doi":"10.5220/0005431401290135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005431401290135","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a working model to estimate the solar photovoltaic potential using high-resolution LiDAR data and Geographic Information Systems. This bottom-up approach method has been selected to arrive at the potential as this gives a better estimate than a top-down approach. The novelty of the study lies in estimating the potential at high resolution and classifying the rooftop as suitable or not for solar photovoltaic installations based on factors like irradiation, slope and orientation. The city of Apeldoorn in the Netherlands has been selected as the study area. The model was able to successfully locate suitable sites for photovoltaic installations at rooftop level. In addition, the area feasible for the installations and the potential power output has also been calculated. We conclude that the city has a potential of 319 MWp capacity, which would yield 283.9 GWh/yr in relation to the 304 GWh/yr consumption from residential buildings in the area.","PeriodicalId":408526,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS)","volume":"305 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124223469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-20DOI: 10.5220/0005480600600065
B. Zaunbrecher, M. Ziefle
It will be argued that there are major social gaps in the planning of complex energy infrastructure for public spaces: the first "gap" concerns the question if social acceptance can be reliably measured. The second “gap” refers to the lack of an integration of results from acceptance research into current planning procedures. Taking wind farm planning as an example, both social gaps are discussed and an integrative planning procedure is advocated. Finally, requirements for a user-centered planning process are formulated.
{"title":"Social acceptance and its role for planning technology infrastructure: A position paper, taking wind power plants as an example","authors":"B. Zaunbrecher, M. Ziefle","doi":"10.5220/0005480600600065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005480600600065","url":null,"abstract":"It will be argued that there are major social gaps in the planning of complex energy infrastructure for public spaces: the first \"gap\" concerns the question if social acceptance can be reliably measured. The second “gap” refers to the lack of an integration of results from acceptance research into current planning procedures. Taking wind farm planning as an example, both social gaps are discussed and an integrative planning procedure is advocated. Finally, requirements for a user-centered planning process are formulated.","PeriodicalId":408526,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS)","volume":"227 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122462656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-20DOI: 10.5220/0005481100660071
Akhila Jambagi, Michael Kramer, V. Cheng
A strong focus on reducing carbon emissions as well as the improvements in computing and control techniques for energy systems make it relevant to design energy systems in an integrated way. Coupling various energy sectors can offer many benefits in the way of flexibility and better utilisation of resources and infrastructures. To illustrate the benefits of coupling the heat and electricity sectors, a general model for a domestic energy system is developed, and two simulations are performed of domestic systems with sector coupling technologies. Further benefits can be gained by optimising the two systems together, implying that it can be advantageous to take an integrated optimisation approach for larger numbers of domestic systems.
{"title":"Electricity and heat sector coupling for domestic energy systems: Benefits of integrated energy system modelling","authors":"Akhila Jambagi, Michael Kramer, V. Cheng","doi":"10.5220/0005481100660071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005481100660071","url":null,"abstract":"A strong focus on reducing carbon emissions as well as the improvements in computing and control techniques for energy systems make it relevant to design energy systems in an integrated way. Coupling various energy sectors can offer many benefits in the way of flexibility and better utilisation of resources and infrastructures. To illustrate the benefits of coupling the heat and electricity sectors, a general model for a domestic energy system is developed, and two simulations are performed of domestic systems with sector coupling technologies. Further benefits can be gained by optimising the two systems together, implying that it can be advantageous to take an integrated optimisation approach for larger numbers of domestic systems.","PeriodicalId":408526,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127851406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-20DOI: 10.5220/0005434402010208
K. Shimada, Y. Ochi, T. Matsumoto, Hiroshi Matsugi, T. Awata
The management of electric power demand is a key element in the creation of smart-energy communities. We are engaged in a field experiment with the participation of 51 households on Nushima Island, one of the remote islands of Japan, to study the effects of real-time feedback and dynamic pricing on electric power consumption using smart meters and tablet PCs. From the results of panel data analysis, we have found that these measures achieve an estimated saving of 22 percent in electric power consumption when the tablet PCs are accessed three times per day.
{"title":"An empirical study of real-time feedback and dynamic pricing effects on electric power consumption: Field Experiment on a remote Island in Japan","authors":"K. Shimada, Y. Ochi, T. Matsumoto, Hiroshi Matsugi, T. Awata","doi":"10.5220/0005434402010208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005434402010208","url":null,"abstract":"The management of electric power demand is a key element in the creation of smart-energy communities. We are engaged in a field experiment with the participation of 51 households on Nushima Island, one of the remote islands of Japan, to study the effects of real-time feedback and dynamic pricing on electric power consumption using smart meters and tablet PCs. From the results of panel data analysis, we have found that these measures achieve an estimated saving of 22 percent in electric power consumption when the tablet PCs are accessed three times per day.","PeriodicalId":408526,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130742598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-20DOI: 10.5220/0005430600260034
Sonja Klingert, F. Niedermeier, Corentin Dupont, Giovanni Giuliani, T. Schulze, H. Meer
Data centres are important players in smart cities both as IT service providers and as energy consumers. Integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into the local power grid is one challenge in future smart cities aiming at an IT based low carbon economy. The project DC4Cities takes up this challenge by offering a both technical and business related solution for optimizing the share of local renewable power sources when operating data centres in smart cities. To this end, power management options between the data centre and the smart city together with internal adaptation strategies for data centres are introduced. Finally, an implementation of the suggested approach is presented and evaluated in a simulation.
{"title":"Renewable energy-aware data centre operations for smart cities the DC4Cities approach","authors":"Sonja Klingert, F. Niedermeier, Corentin Dupont, Giovanni Giuliani, T. Schulze, H. Meer","doi":"10.5220/0005430600260034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0005430600260034","url":null,"abstract":"Data centres are important players in smart cities both as IT service providers and as energy consumers. Integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into the local power grid is one challenge in future smart cities aiming at an IT based low carbon economy. The project DC4Cities takes up this challenge by offering a both technical and business related solution for optimizing the share of local renewable power sources when operating data centres in smart cities. To this end, power management options between the data centre and the smart city together with internal adaptation strategies for data centres are introduced. Finally, an implementation of the suggested approach is presented and evaluated in a simulation.","PeriodicalId":408526,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132590511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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