In Bangladesh, a widespread phenomenon of urban informal settlements is that the dwelling is not only used for shelter but also for income-generating activities, often referred to as HBEs (Home-based enterprises). These enterprises are themselves quite profitable to generate household income and meet the subsistence level of urban poor. However, the nature of HBEs often varies according to the different tenure conditions of settlements. The absence of tenure security coupled with fear of eviction discourages dwellers from investing in the spatio-physical development of housing, exacerbates the isolated nature of HBEs with less exposure to the streets, and hinders their access to credit, thereby impeding economic growth. To unfold this tenure-HBEs relationship, the study aims to investigate how the nature of HBEs is changing over time according to the various tenure forms, taking two informal settlements from Khulna as case studies. Firstly, this research identifies the typology of HBEs; secondly, it investigates the nature of HBEs; and finally, it assesses the economic contribution of HBEs under different tenure conditions. By adopting a mixed-method approach, this study collects both social and spatial data through face-to-face interviews, photographs, and observation. The study reveals that a certain degree of tenure security stimulates the nature of HBEs by scaling up the business, facilitating easy access to credits, initiating a well-connected spatial organization, and driving their spatio-physical and economic growth. The findings suggest that to strengthen the practice of HBEs in informal settlements, the government and concerned agencies should promote tenure upgrading and regularization programmes to generate livelihood opportunities.
{"title":"IMPACT OF TENURE SECURITY ON HOME-BASED ENTERPRISES: OBSERVATIONS FROM TWO INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN KHULNA","authors":"Sumaiya Rahman Piashi, Anirban Mostafa, Imran Hossain Foishal, Rabeya Sultana Leya","doi":"10.53808/kus.2023.20.02.968-se","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53808/kus.2023.20.02.968-se","url":null,"abstract":"In Bangladesh, a widespread phenomenon of urban informal settlements is that the dwelling is not only used for shelter but also for income-generating activities, often referred to as HBEs (Home-based enterprises). These enterprises are themselves quite profitable to generate household income and meet the subsistence level of urban poor. However, the nature of HBEs often varies according to the different tenure conditions of settlements. The absence of tenure security coupled with fear of eviction discourages dwellers from investing in the spatio-physical development of housing, exacerbates the isolated nature of HBEs with less exposure to the streets, and hinders their access to credit, thereby impeding economic growth. To unfold this tenure-HBEs relationship, the study aims to investigate how the nature of HBEs is changing over time according to the various tenure forms, taking two informal settlements from Khulna as case studies. Firstly, this research identifies the typology of HBEs; secondly, it investigates the nature of HBEs; and finally, it assesses the economic contribution of HBEs under different tenure conditions. By adopting a mixed-method approach, this study collects both social and spatial data through face-to-face interviews, photographs, and observation. The study reveals that a certain degree of tenure security stimulates the nature of HBEs by scaling up the business, facilitating easy access to credits, initiating a well-connected spatial organization, and driving their spatio-physical and economic growth. The findings suggest that to strengthen the practice of HBEs in informal settlements, the government and concerned agencies should promote tenure upgrading and regularization programmes to generate livelihood opportunities.","PeriodicalId":408769,"journal":{"name":"Khulna University Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131465591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a53-ls
Subhas Das, K. Dhara, N. Saha, Apurba Ratan Ghosh
Surveillance under direct field-pond application of choline chloride in addition to farm-made-aqua-feed under semi-intensive culture system was investigated on the gonadal maturity in two Indian Major Carps Catla catla (Catla) and Labeo rohita (Rahu) and in two air-breathing teleosts, e.g., Clarias batrachus (Magur) and Anabas testudineus (Koi) reared in a ratio of 2:5:1:1:: Catla:Rahu:Magur:Koi for a period of 90-d both during dry [November to January as control-dry (CD) and treatment-dry (TD)] and in breeding seasons [June to August as control-breeding (CB) and treatment-breeding (TB)]. Results were compared with control [C: pond (C) fed only with farm-made-aqua-feed] and treatment [T: ponds (P1 and P2) fed with farm-made-aqua-feed plus feed-grade choline chloride]. The histological observations of ovary under control condition in both the seasons (CD and CB) depicted the follicular layer separation, follicular atresia, resulting into non-fertile oocytes, and ovarian tissue necrosis, declination of yolk granules, while under choline supplementation in both the seasons (TD and TB), the fish species showed ripe and developed oocytes resulting into excellent reproduction performance and steroidogenesis as well as ovulation especially in breeding season. Besides, the exposure of choline (TB) has improved manifolds in the seminiferous tubules of testis of the experimental fish species with the development of increased sertoli cells, development of mature spermatozoa within the epidermis resulting into successful maturation of the sperm and occurrence of better sperm quality having increased motility especially in the breeding season. Finally, choline can trigger the successful ovarian maturation depicting better yield, causing substantial profit to fish farmers.
{"title":"EXPOSURE UNDER CHOLINE CHLORIDE EXHIBITS SUCCESSFUL GONADAL MATURATION OF INDIAN MAJOR CARPS AND AIR-BREATHING TELEOSTS IN A SEMI-INTENSIVE PISCICULTURE SYSTEM: A HISTOTECHNOLOGICAL INTROSPECTION","authors":"Subhas Das, K. Dhara, N. Saha, Apurba Ratan Ghosh","doi":"10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a53-ls","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a53-ls","url":null,"abstract":"Surveillance under direct field-pond application of choline chloride in addition to farm-made-aqua-feed under semi-intensive culture system was investigated on the gonadal maturity in two Indian Major Carps Catla catla (Catla) and Labeo rohita (Rahu) and in two air-breathing teleosts, e.g., Clarias batrachus (Magur) and Anabas testudineus (Koi) reared in a ratio of 2:5:1:1:: Catla:Rahu:Magur:Koi for a period of 90-d both during dry [November to January as control-dry (CD) and treatment-dry (TD)] and in breeding seasons [June to August as control-breeding (CB) and treatment-breeding (TB)]. Results were compared with control [C: pond (C) fed only with farm-made-aqua-feed] and treatment [T: ponds (P1 and P2) fed with farm-made-aqua-feed plus feed-grade choline chloride]. The histological observations of ovary under control condition in both the seasons (CD and CB) depicted the follicular layer separation, follicular atresia, resulting into non-fertile oocytes, and ovarian tissue necrosis, declination of yolk granules, while under choline supplementation in both the seasons (TD and TB), the fish species showed ripe and developed oocytes resulting into excellent reproduction performance and steroidogenesis as well as ovulation especially in breeding season. Besides, the exposure of choline (TB) has improved manifolds in the seminiferous tubules of testis of the experimental fish species with the development of increased sertoli cells, development of mature spermatozoa within the epidermis resulting into successful maturation of the sperm and occurrence of better sperm quality having increased motility especially in the breeding season. Finally, choline can trigger the successful ovarian maturation depicting better yield, causing substantial profit to fish farmers.","PeriodicalId":408769,"journal":{"name":"Khulna University Studies","volume":"267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133179159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.k01-ls
Mohammad Ali Reza Khan
Bangladesh, located between latitudes 20°34' to 26°38' north and longitudes 88°01' to 92°41' east, is the most densely populated country in the world with 1,252 people per one square kilometre; this is almost three times as dense as its neighbour, India (Ritchie, 2020), other than the island countries like Singapore, and others. So, Bangladesh is not likely to have a large array of wildlife, including both megafauna and macrofauna, and flora. However, because of its very zoo-geographic location in the Indo-Malayan realm of the Oriental Region (Cox, 2001), Bangladesh supports at least three major terrestrial habitats and similar number of aquatic environments. These have allowed the country to have astounding number of wildlife and plants, e.g., about 125 species of Mammals, 718 species of Birds, 2500 species of arthropods and 5700 species of vascular plants. However, it is not satisfied status because already lost few charismatic megafaunas such as, all three species of Asian rhinoceroses, water buffalo, swamp deer, two species of peafowls, swamp partridge, Bhadi Hans (white-winged duck, Khan, 1983a, 1983b, 2003), marsh crocodile, etc. Existing study posits that the country has already lost about 10% of its mammals, 3% birds and 4% of reptile species and an unknown number of amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates as well as plants. Another 14% of animal species are endangered (Khan, 2012). The same may very well be true for the plants.Currently the Forest Department, which has its own forestry policy from as early as 1979, has failed to develop such a policy for wildlife although it is trying to manage the wildlife of the country from the inception of Bangladesh in 1971.The department lacks in right workforce trained in wildlife with proper degree in relevant subjects. A few people that work there does not see progressions in their service carrier.The wildlife conservation policy followed round the world does not conform to the forestry policy of Bangladesh.So, Bangladesh must have a concrete wildlife and its sustainable management policy to conserve the wildlife wealth through creating a proper wildlife department to implement such a policy and save the wildlife from further killing or loss of wildlife through managerial failures or mismanagement.
{"title":"BANGLADESH WILDLIFE: A CALL TO ARREST ITS DECLINATION THROUGH REMEDIAL POLICIES AND MANAGEMENT","authors":"Mohammad Ali Reza Khan","doi":"10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.k01-ls","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.k01-ls","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh, located between latitudes 20°34' to 26°38' north and longitudes 88°01' to 92°41' east, is the most densely populated country in the world with 1,252 people per one square kilometre; this is almost three times as dense as its neighbour, India (Ritchie, 2020), other than the island countries like Singapore, and others. So, Bangladesh is not likely to have a large array of wildlife, including both megafauna and macrofauna, and flora. However, because of its very zoo-geographic location in the Indo-Malayan realm of the Oriental Region (Cox, 2001), Bangladesh supports at least three major terrestrial habitats and similar number of aquatic environments. These have allowed the country to have astounding number of wildlife and plants, e.g., about 125 species of Mammals, 718 species of Birds, 2500 species of arthropods and 5700 species of vascular plants. However, it is not satisfied status because already lost few charismatic megafaunas such as, all three species of Asian rhinoceroses, water buffalo, swamp deer, two species of peafowls, swamp partridge, Bhadi Hans (white-winged duck, Khan, 1983a, 1983b, 2003), marsh crocodile, etc. Existing study posits that the country has already lost about 10% of its mammals, 3% birds and 4% of reptile species and an unknown number of amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates as well as plants. Another 14% of animal species are endangered (Khan, 2012). The same may very well be true for the plants.Currently the Forest Department, which has its own forestry policy from as early as 1979, has failed to develop such a policy for wildlife although it is trying to manage the wildlife of the country from the inception of Bangladesh in 1971.The department lacks in right workforce trained in wildlife with proper degree in relevant subjects. A few people that work there does not see progressions in their service carrier.The wildlife conservation policy followed round the world does not conform to the forestry policy of Bangladesh.So, Bangladesh must have a concrete wildlife and its sustainable management policy to conserve the wildlife wealth through creating a proper wildlife department to implement such a policy and save the wildlife from further killing or loss of wildlife through managerial failures or mismanagement.","PeriodicalId":408769,"journal":{"name":"Khulna University Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125265182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a45-ls
Kakali Bhadra
Pumpkin, Cucurbita maxima, is severely harmed by Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), as a major insect pest of the plant. Based on Scanning electron microscopic analysis, compared to mechanosensilla, prevalence of antennal olfactory sensilla, was observed. The number of olfactory sensilla in the circumferential band of IXth antennal segment was higher in female species. Stimulation of the sensilla present on the antennae of A. foveicollis was analyzed by electroantennogram (EAG) at four different concentrations viz. 10.0, 5.0, 1.0, and 0.1 mg/ml in both sexes. The male species displayed greatest peak amplitude at 5mg/mL for heneicosane, whereas the female species displayed maximum peak amplitude at 10.0 mg/mL for 2-methyl phenol followed by 5.0 mg/mL for 1,4-dimethoxybenzene. However, pooled EAG data revealed that GLV elicited the strongest reactions, followed by aliphatic chemicals, oxygenated monoterpenes, hydrocarbon monoterpenes, and sesqueterpenes. These findings univocally shows that the pest's antennal responses clearly displayed sexual dimorphism.
{"title":"OLFACTORY RESPONSES OF AULACOPHORA FOVEICOLLIS LUCAS – AN ECOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT PEST - FROM WEST BENGAL, INDIA","authors":"Kakali Bhadra","doi":"10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a45-ls","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a45-ls","url":null,"abstract":"Pumpkin, Cucurbita maxima, is severely harmed by Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), as a major insect pest of the plant. Based on Scanning electron microscopic analysis, compared to mechanosensilla, prevalence of antennal olfactory sensilla, was observed. The number of olfactory sensilla in the circumferential band of IXth antennal segment was higher in female species. Stimulation of the sensilla present on the antennae of A. foveicollis was analyzed by electroantennogram (EAG) at four different concentrations viz. 10.0, 5.0, 1.0, and 0.1 mg/ml in both sexes. The male species displayed greatest peak amplitude at 5mg/mL for heneicosane, whereas the female species displayed maximum peak amplitude at 10.0 mg/mL for 2-methyl phenol followed by 5.0 mg/mL for 1,4-dimethoxybenzene. However, pooled EAG data revealed that GLV elicited the strongest reactions, followed by aliphatic chemicals, oxygenated monoterpenes, hydrocarbon monoterpenes, and sesqueterpenes. These findings univocally shows that the pest's antennal responses clearly displayed sexual dimorphism.","PeriodicalId":408769,"journal":{"name":"Khulna University Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116335241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a30-ls
H. Mariam, Anm Alamgir
The experiment was conducted to find the leaf pigments and carbohydrate content in Heritiera fomes at different growth stages exposed to different salinity levels in the Sundarbans areas, Bangladesh. Three leaf pigments, viz., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid, total chlorophyll, and total carbohydrate content of Heritiera fomes Buch. Ham seedlings were determined in the leaves grown in the oligohaline, mesohaline, and polyhalite zones at early (6 and 9 months) and survival ages (30 months) following standard methods. Leaves from seedlings at the age of 30 months (survival aged) show relatively high leaf pigments than that of the 6 and 9-month-old seedlings grown in the three saline zones. Total chlorophyll content in leaves was found low in the oligohaline zone at the early and survival ages, but higher in the polyhalite zone at the early ages, and higher in the mesohaline zone at the survival age. Chlorophyll b was relatively higher than chlorophyll a. Leaves of 30 months seedlings showed relatively higher chlorophyll a than chlorophyll b at the polyhalite zone, but higher chlorophyll b was noted at the mesohaline zone. The highest content of total carbohydrates was observed in the shoots of 6, 9, and 30 months ages H. fomes seedlings in the polyhalite zone, while the lowest was in the mesohaline zone. At the same age periods in the mesohaline zone, the roots of the H. fomes seedlings showed relatively higher carbohydrate content and lower at the 30 months seedlings in the all saline zones. Chlorophyll a was found to be more sensitive than chlorophyll b and carotenoid at different salinity levels tested. Higher carbohydrate content was discovered as an additional mechanism to prevent salt toxicity at early ages of high saline conditions (polyline zone).
{"title":"LEAF PIGMENT AND TOTAL CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT AT EARLY STAGES OF HERITIERA FOMES BUCH. SEEDLINGS GROWN AT THREE SALINE ZONES OF THE SUNDARBANS, BANGLADESH","authors":"H. Mariam, Anm Alamgir","doi":"10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a30-ls","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a30-ls","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted to find the leaf pigments and carbohydrate content in Heritiera fomes at different growth stages exposed to different salinity levels in the Sundarbans areas, Bangladesh. Three leaf pigments, viz., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid, total chlorophyll, and total carbohydrate content of Heritiera fomes Buch. Ham seedlings were determined in the leaves grown in the oligohaline, mesohaline, and polyhalite zones at early (6 and 9 months) and survival ages (30 months) following standard methods. Leaves from seedlings at the age of 30 months (survival aged) show relatively high leaf pigments than that of the 6 and 9-month-old seedlings grown in the three saline zones. Total chlorophyll content in leaves was found low in the oligohaline zone at the early and survival ages, but higher in the polyhalite zone at the early ages, and higher in the mesohaline zone at the survival age. Chlorophyll b was relatively higher than chlorophyll a. Leaves of 30 months seedlings showed relatively higher chlorophyll a than chlorophyll b at the polyhalite zone, but higher chlorophyll b was noted at the mesohaline zone. The highest content of total carbohydrates was observed in the shoots of 6, 9, and 30 months ages H. fomes seedlings in the polyhalite zone, while the lowest was in the mesohaline zone. At the same age periods in the mesohaline zone, the roots of the H. fomes seedlings showed relatively higher carbohydrate content and lower at the 30 months seedlings in the all saline zones. Chlorophyll a was found to be more sensitive than chlorophyll b and carotenoid at different salinity levels tested. Higher carbohydrate content was discovered as an additional mechanism to prevent salt toxicity at early ages of high saline conditions (polyline zone).","PeriodicalId":408769,"journal":{"name":"Khulna University Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116841598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a76-ls
Naser Mustafa, Abdullah Harun Chowdhury
Toxic contaminants moving along with runoff usually contaminates shrimp farms in most areas of Satkhira district, southwest Bangladesh. An investigation was carried out to assess the Physico-chemical properties and heavy metal concentration of sediments and water in shrimp farms from Satkhira district, southwest Bangladesh during December 2020 to March 2021. Twelve water and sediment samples were collected from six Ghers of two Upazilla e.g., Debhata and Assasuni of Satkhira. Physico-chemical attributes such as temperature, DO, BOD5, pH, TDS, EC, turbidity, salinity, HCO3-/CO3-, SO4-, NO3-, PO4- were estimated. The concentration attributes such as TDS (2280-5250 mg/l), EC (4380-9670 µs/cm), Turbidity (50.8-348 NTU), HCO3-/CO3- (219.6-445.3 mg/l), NO3- (0.3635-1.94 mg/l) were observed to be higher than the allowable standards recommended by WHO and FAO. Five trace metals such as chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn), were measured in sediments and water by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The range of metal concentrations in sediment were as follows: Cr (1.95–3.43 mg/l), Zn (205.76-265.71 mg/kg), Cu (0.60–1.1mg/kg), Cd (3.8-4.1 mg/kg), and Pb (0.92-1.11mg/kg wet weight. The range of metal concentration in water were as follows: Cr (0.1-0.8 mg/l), Zn (0.003-0.34 mg/l), Cu (0.10-0.13 mg/l), Cd (0.07-0.08 mg/l), and Pb (0.23-0.34 mg/l). Higher concentrations of metal were recorded in most of the sediment and samples of water of the studied Ghers except Cr and Cu, those were below standard as prescribed by WHO and FAO. The concentration of Cu ranges from 0.602 to 1.113 mg/kg and 0.10 to 0.13 mg/l and range of Cr concentration were 1.95 to 3.43 mg/kg and 0.156 to 0.807 mg/l in sediment and water respectively. However, Cd, Zn and Pb were higher than the allowable standard as recommended by WHO and FAO. The higher heavy metal concentrations in water and sediment of shrimp Ghers suggest that shrimp could be contaminated by these heavy metals as well.
{"title":"HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN WATER AND SEDIMENT OF SHRIMP FARMS OF SATKHIRA, BANGLADESH","authors":"Naser Mustafa, Abdullah Harun Chowdhury","doi":"10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a76-ls","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a76-ls","url":null,"abstract":"Toxic contaminants moving along with runoff usually contaminates shrimp farms in most areas of Satkhira district, southwest Bangladesh. An investigation was carried out to assess the Physico-chemical properties and heavy metal concentration of sediments and water in shrimp farms from Satkhira district, southwest Bangladesh during December 2020 to March 2021. Twelve water and sediment samples were collected from six Ghers of two Upazilla e.g., Debhata and Assasuni of Satkhira. Physico-chemical attributes such as temperature, DO, BOD5, pH, TDS, EC, turbidity, salinity, HCO3-/CO3-, SO4-, NO3-, PO4- were estimated. The concentration attributes such as TDS (2280-5250 mg/l), EC (4380-9670 µs/cm), Turbidity (50.8-348 NTU), HCO3-/CO3- (219.6-445.3 mg/l), NO3- (0.3635-1.94 mg/l) were observed to be higher than the allowable standards recommended by WHO and FAO. Five trace metals such as chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn), were measured in sediments and water by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The range of metal concentrations in sediment were as follows: Cr (1.95–3.43 mg/l), Zn (205.76-265.71 mg/kg), Cu (0.60–1.1mg/kg), Cd (3.8-4.1 mg/kg), and Pb (0.92-1.11mg/kg wet weight. The range of metal concentration in water were as follows: Cr (0.1-0.8 mg/l), Zn (0.003-0.34 mg/l), Cu (0.10-0.13 mg/l), Cd (0.07-0.08 mg/l), and Pb (0.23-0.34 mg/l). Higher concentrations of metal were recorded in most of the sediment and samples of water of the studied Ghers except Cr and Cu, those were below standard as prescribed by WHO and FAO. The concentration of Cu ranges from 0.602 to 1.113 mg/kg and 0.10 to 0.13 mg/l and range of Cr concentration were 1.95 to 3.43 mg/kg and 0.156 to 0.807 mg/l in sediment and water respectively. However, Cd, Zn and Pb were higher than the allowable standard as recommended by WHO and FAO. The higher heavy metal concentrations in water and sediment of shrimp Ghers suggest that shrimp could be contaminated by these heavy metals as well.","PeriodicalId":408769,"journal":{"name":"Khulna University Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125343350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-27DOI: 10.53808/kus.2023.20.02.982-ss
Azim Chowdhury, Sabina Yeasmin
Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and climate change are all factors that affect migration. This study investigates the impact of internal migration on income level in a southwestern district of Bangladesh. The study employs multistage random sampling and the data is collected from a total of 81 respondents from Kashiani upazilla in Gopalganj district. The study uses descriptive statistics, ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression models to come up with the empirical results. According to the study findings, households with three to four members, on average, have one or more migrants. The regression results also show that internal migration positively affects per capita household income and negatively affects income-poverty. Furthermore, internal migration reduces income-poverty. The logistic regression model shows that migrated people are, on average, 0.194 percent less likely to fall into the income-poverty group compared to the non-migrant people. Policymakers and development practitioners may focus on policies and programs that aim to improve education levels, and increase access to credit and other financial resources to promote sustainable economic growth in the region.
{"title":"IMPACT OF INTERNAL MIGRATION ON INCOME AND POVERTY: A STUDY ON GOPALGANJ DISTRICT","authors":"Azim Chowdhury, Sabina Yeasmin","doi":"10.53808/kus.2023.20.02.982-ss","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53808/kus.2023.20.02.982-ss","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and climate change are all factors that affect migration. This study investigates the impact of internal migration on income level in a southwestern district of Bangladesh. The study employs multistage random sampling and the data is collected from a total of 81 respondents from Kashiani upazilla in Gopalganj district. The study uses descriptive statistics, ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression models to come up with the empirical results. According to the study findings, households with three to four members, on average, have one or more migrants. The regression results also show that internal migration positively affects per capita household income and negatively affects income-poverty. Furthermore, internal migration reduces income-poverty. The logistic regression model shows that migrated people are, on average, 0.194 percent less likely to fall into the income-poverty group compared to the non-migrant people. Policymakers and development practitioners may focus on policies and programs that aim to improve education levels, and increase access to credit and other financial resources to promote sustainable economic growth in the region.","PeriodicalId":408769,"journal":{"name":"Khulna University Studies","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121671194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.53808/kus.2023.20.02.963-ls
Syed Sazidul Islam, Sonia Nasrin, Nusrat Jahan Rupanty, M. Hossain, Falguni Akter, Nipa Adhikari, Md. Tangimul Islam
Worldwide, 2.7 billion people rely on onsite sanitation, which is a big problem in developing countries where the use of human excreta as organic fertilizer can give a solution in waste management as well as improve soil quality and sources of plant nutrition. Thus, a pot experiment was conducted at Soil, Water and Environment Discipline, University of Khulna, from November 2019 to March 2020 to investigate the best dose of faecal sludge application in soil for growth, yield, and nutrient uptake by Amaranthus cruentus. The experiment consisted of four treatments (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% faecal sludge with soil) and a control (no faecal sludge) with three replications, which were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The present study revealed that the highest significant variation of germination (98.60%), plant height (36.99 cm), leaf number (14), root length (7.53 cm) fresh weight (8.65 g), yield per pot (8.63 g) was obtained for 4% faecal sludge mixture soil. Moreover, uptake by the plant N (2.90%), P (2.00%), K (5.51%), Ca (0.056%), Mg (0.29%) and Fe (0.036%) was also significantly higher for 4% rather than 1, 2 and 3% sludge treated soil. Therefore, for growth, yield and nutrient uptake of red amaranth, application of 4% faecal sludge compost to soil (faecal sludge compost: soil = 4:96) was the best for uses and it is recommended for the plants.
{"title":"EFFECT OF FAECAL SLUDGE COMPOST ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF RED AMARANTH (AMARANTHUS CRUENTUS)","authors":"Syed Sazidul Islam, Sonia Nasrin, Nusrat Jahan Rupanty, M. Hossain, Falguni Akter, Nipa Adhikari, Md. Tangimul Islam","doi":"10.53808/kus.2023.20.02.963-ls","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53808/kus.2023.20.02.963-ls","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, 2.7 billion people rely on onsite sanitation, which is a big problem in developing countries where the use of human excreta as organic fertilizer can give a solution in waste management as well as improve soil quality and sources of plant nutrition. Thus, a pot experiment was conducted at Soil, Water and Environment Discipline, University of Khulna, from November 2019 to March 2020 to investigate the best dose of faecal sludge application in soil for growth, yield, and nutrient uptake by Amaranthus cruentus. The experiment consisted of four treatments (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% faecal sludge with soil) and a control (no faecal sludge) with three replications, which were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The present study revealed that the highest significant variation of germination (98.60%), plant height (36.99 cm), leaf number (14), root length (7.53 cm) fresh weight (8.65 g), yield per pot (8.63 g) was obtained for 4% faecal sludge mixture soil. Moreover, uptake by the plant N (2.90%), P (2.00%), K (5.51%), Ca (0.056%), Mg (0.29%) and Fe (0.036%) was also significantly higher for 4% rather than 1, 2 and 3% sludge treated soil. Therefore, for growth, yield and nutrient uptake of red amaranth, application of 4% faecal sludge compost to soil (faecal sludge compost: soil = 4:96) was the best for uses and it is recommended for the plants.","PeriodicalId":408769,"journal":{"name":"Khulna University Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126417339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.53808/kus.2023.20.02.965-se
Chowdury M Luthfur Rahman, Misbah Uddin Syed, Nurul Alam Fahim, Md Rasel Mia
Industry 4.0 is considered as the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and involves virtual and physical systems that are interconnected and collaborative in an autonomous way. The ready-made garments (RMG) sectors in Bangladesh have been undergoing a transition that encompasses the digitization of garment production processes. This research work provides the readiness assessment of the RMG sector of Bangladesh regarding industry 4.0 deployment. Industry 4.0 is a relatively advanced theory within the RMG factories, and it promotes the interest on how to make utilization of technologies included in the idea and take benefit from them as well. The study dilemma is that there is a limited amount of readiness assessments available that cover problems of interest. The research question has been created to assess the readiness level of the RMG sector in Bangladesh with regard to the application of Industry 4.0. The data collection and analysis techniques were adopted from the IMPULS model which is a foundation of the German Engineering Federation, VDMA (Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau). The quantitative method of the IMPULS model was modified to address the study issue accordingly. The findings demonstrate that RMG factories are rated no higher than level two out of six levels (0-5). It indicates that they are in the emerging state of implementing Industry 4.0 and facing significant challenges, particularly in strategy formation and facility infrastructure to fulfill the demands of Industry 4.0. The conclusion is that a great portion of RMG factories of Bangladesh is at the beginner level. The beginner level is comparable to level 1, which indicates a low level of readiness. Lack of knowledge, limited government help, poor infrastructure, cheap labor availability, and high initial investment costs could all be the contributing factors toward a lower level of readiness.
工业4.0被认为是第四次工业革命(4IR)，涉及以自主方式互联和协作的虚拟和物理系统。孟加拉国的成衣(RMG)行业正在经历一场转型，其中包括服装生产过程的数字化。这项研究工作提供了孟加拉国RMG部门关于工业4.0部署的准备情况评估。工业4.0在RMG工厂中是一个相对先进的理论，它促进了人们对如何利用其中包含的技术并从中受益的兴趣。研究的困境是，现有的准备评估数量有限，涵盖了感兴趣的问题。研究问题是为了评估孟加拉国RMG部门在工业4.0应用方面的准备程度。数据收集和分析技术采用了德国工程联合会VDMA (Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau)基础的impulse模型。对impulse模型的定量方法进行了相应的修改，以解决研究问题。调查结果表明，RMG工厂的评级不高于6个等级(0-5)中的第2级。这表明它们正处于实施工业4.0的新兴状态，面临着重大挑战，特别是在战略制定和设施基础设施方面，以满足工业4.0的需求。结论是，孟加拉国的RMG工厂有很大一部分处于初级水平。初级水平与1级相当，这表明准备程度较低。缺乏知识、政府援助有限、基础设施落后、劳动力廉价以及初始投资成本高，都可能是导致准备程度较低的因素。
{"title":"ASSESSING THE READINESS LEVEL OF RMG SECTOR OF BANGLADESH TOWARDS IMPLEMENTING INDUSTRY 4.0","authors":"Chowdury M Luthfur Rahman, Misbah Uddin Syed, Nurul Alam Fahim, Md Rasel Mia","doi":"10.53808/kus.2023.20.02.965-se","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53808/kus.2023.20.02.965-se","url":null,"abstract":"Industry 4.0 is considered as the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and involves virtual and physical systems that are interconnected and collaborative in an autonomous way. The ready-made garments (RMG) sectors in Bangladesh have been undergoing a transition that encompasses the digitization of garment production processes. This research work provides the readiness assessment of the RMG sector of Bangladesh regarding industry 4.0 deployment. Industry 4.0 is a relatively advanced theory within the RMG factories, and it promotes the interest on how to make utilization of technologies included in the idea and take benefit from them as well. The study dilemma is that there is a limited amount of readiness assessments available that cover problems of interest. The research question has been created to assess the readiness level of the RMG sector in Bangladesh with regard to the application of Industry 4.0. The data collection and analysis techniques were adopted from the IMPULS model which is a foundation of the German Engineering Federation, VDMA (Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau). The quantitative method of the IMPULS model was modified to address the study issue accordingly. The findings demonstrate that RMG factories are rated no higher than level two out of six levels (0-5). It indicates that they are in the emerging state of implementing Industry 4.0 and facing significant challenges, particularly in strategy formation and facility infrastructure to fulfill the demands of Industry 4.0. The conclusion is that a great portion of RMG factories of Bangladesh is at the beginner level. The beginner level is comparable to level 1, which indicates a low level of readiness. Lack of knowledge, limited government help, poor infrastructure, cheap labor availability, and high initial investment costs could all be the contributing factors toward a lower level of readiness.","PeriodicalId":408769,"journal":{"name":"Khulna University Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126849263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a75-ls
Sampurna Roy, Amlan Das
Insect-induced gall tissue has a unique ability to influence its hosts' phenotypic expression. When plants are stressed by insects, phytochemical manipulations in galling tissue strengthen the plant's resilience to subsequent herbivore attacks, and as a result, the damaged plant tissue regenerates and rejuvenates. Gall tissue development and differentiation are initiated by changes in and modulation of a variety of phytohormones in the affected galling sites. Such hormonal changes ultimately boost the plant's ability to respond to herbivore invasions. In this study, the insect-induced gall tissues of three model plants—mature and immature galls and non-gall tissue—were evaluated for five phytohormone gradients. Phytohormone gradients are continually altered and compared from non-differentiated (non-gall) tissue to moderately (immature gall) and highly (mature gall) developed tissue. The results indicate that phytohormones serve a dual role in stimulating the plant's endogenous defense and promoting tissue growth, pointing to a complex chemogenesis process in galling tissue associated with developing neoplasm and plant defensive responses. Tissue abnormalities in galls are thought to have resulted from the herbivore's interactions with the plant on which it infests. Insects' ovipositing fluids or oral discharge may have also contributed to the accumulation of phytohormones in the stressed and wounded tissue. Foliar galls are thus a sign of manifestation of insects' adaptation since the herbivore and their hosts are likely to co-evolve in the context of chemical adaptation.
{"title":"INSECT-INDUCED FOLIAR GALLS: A CROSS-TALK AMONG PHYTOHORMONES FOR TISSUE GROWTH AND ENDOGENOUS DEFENSE","authors":"Sampurna Roy, Amlan Das","doi":"10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a75-ls","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53808/kus.si.2023.ices.a75-ls","url":null,"abstract":"Insect-induced gall tissue has a unique ability to influence its hosts' phenotypic expression. When plants are stressed by insects, phytochemical manipulations in galling tissue strengthen the plant's resilience to subsequent herbivore attacks, and as a result, the damaged plant tissue regenerates and rejuvenates. Gall tissue development and differentiation are initiated by changes in and modulation of a variety of phytohormones in the affected galling sites. Such hormonal changes ultimately boost the plant's ability to respond to herbivore invasions. In this study, the insect-induced gall tissues of three model plants—mature and immature galls and non-gall tissue—were evaluated for five phytohormone gradients. Phytohormone gradients are continually altered and compared from non-differentiated (non-gall) tissue to moderately (immature gall) and highly (mature gall) developed tissue. The results indicate that phytohormones serve a dual role in stimulating the plant's endogenous defense and promoting tissue growth, pointing to a complex chemogenesis process in galling tissue associated with developing neoplasm and plant defensive responses. Tissue abnormalities in galls are thought to have resulted from the herbivore's interactions with the plant on which it infests. Insects' ovipositing fluids or oral discharge may have also contributed to the accumulation of phytohormones in the stressed and wounded tissue. Foliar galls are thus a sign of manifestation of insects' adaptation since the herbivore and their hosts are likely to co-evolve in the context of chemical adaptation.","PeriodicalId":408769,"journal":{"name":"Khulna University Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125277286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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