This article describes the genesis and development of the Camphill movement, originating in north-east Scotland. Attention is paid to the factors influencing its founder, Dr Karl König. These were strongly international in nature, including central-European trends in anthroposophy and socialist politics, as well as the educational practices of the Moravian Brethren. Influential also was König's background in the Jewish community of Vienna, before he was forced to flee due to the Anschluss of 1938. The founding of the Camphill movement (in 1940) also owed much to Scottish patrons and influences, emanating especially from the north-east and the western isles in the form of the Haughtons of Williamson, Will MacMillan and George MacLeod. Camphill is now a worldwide movement, and its core philosophy of a desire to create and maintain an educational environment where the economic, social and spiritual lives of the community are complementary is outlined. It is argued that König was an influential figure, for instance within social pedagogy. He was able to show, initially in the north-east Scottish location where his vision first developed that, contrary to accepted medical opinion of the time, no child, young person or adult with an intellectual disability was ineducable.
{"title":"The Birth of the Worldwide Camphill Movement in the North of Scotland: The Challenging Vision of Dr Karl König","authors":"R. Jackson","doi":"10.3366/nor.2019.0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nor.2019.0185","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the genesis and development of the Camphill movement, originating in north-east Scotland. Attention is paid to the factors influencing its founder, Dr Karl König. These were strongly international in nature, including central-European trends in anthroposophy and socialist politics, as well as the educational practices of the Moravian Brethren. Influential also was König's background in the Jewish community of Vienna, before he was forced to flee due to the Anschluss of 1938. The founding of the Camphill movement (in 1940) also owed much to Scottish patrons and influences, emanating especially from the north-east and the western isles in the form of the Haughtons of Williamson, Will MacMillan and George MacLeod. Camphill is now a worldwide movement, and its core philosophy of a desire to create and maintain an educational environment where the economic, social and spiritual lives of the community are complementary is outlined. It is argued that König was an influential figure, for instance within social pedagogy. He was able to show, initially in the north-east Scottish location where his vision first developed that, contrary to accepted medical opinion of the time, no child, young person or adult with an intellectual disability was ineducable.","PeriodicalId":40928,"journal":{"name":"Northern Scotland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42792746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paul Cowan (ed.), With Wellington in the Peninsula: The Adventure of a Highland Soldier, 1808–1814","authors":"Kevin Linch","doi":"10.3366/nor.2019.0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nor.2019.0193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40928,"journal":{"name":"Northern Scotland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45087748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The failure of the grain and potato harvests across much of Britain in 1782 led to the enactment of traditional famine-relief measures across the country to secure sufficient food supply for the population. It has been well established by historians that the British government also allocated £10,000 worth of grain to the north of Scotland to provide additional support. What has been less thoroughly investigated is why. This article examines the motivations behind the government's break with traditional famine-relief policies by exploring the nature and impact of the crisis in the north of Scotland in greater detail. By comparing government intervention in major Scottish subsistence crises both before and after 1782–4, the government's actions in 1783 can be seen as marking a significant change in attitude towards the most vulnerable sections of the population during subsistence crises, and the inhabitants of the north of Scotland in particular. Consequently, a new policy of state-sponsored famine relief was established that shaped government response to subsequent Highland subsistence crises until the 1840s.
{"title":"For the good of the empire, or the relief of the poor? Motivations for British Government Provision of Famine Relief in Scotland, 1783–4","authors":"K. Cullen","doi":"10.3366/nor.2019.0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nor.2019.0184","url":null,"abstract":"The failure of the grain and potato harvests across much of Britain in 1782 led to the enactment of traditional famine-relief measures across the country to secure sufficient food supply for the population. It has been well established by historians that the British government also allocated £10,000 worth of grain to the north of Scotland to provide additional support. What has been less thoroughly investigated is why. This article examines the motivations behind the government's break with traditional famine-relief policies by exploring the nature and impact of the crisis in the north of Scotland in greater detail. By comparing government intervention in major Scottish subsistence crises both before and after 1782–4, the government's actions in 1783 can be seen as marking a significant change in attitude towards the most vulnerable sections of the population during subsistence crises, and the inhabitants of the north of Scotland in particular. Consequently, a new policy of state-sponsored famine relief was established that shaped government response to subsequent Highland subsistence crises until the 1840s.","PeriodicalId":40928,"journal":{"name":"Northern Scotland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42500262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simon McKerrell and Gary West (eds), Understanding Scotland Musically: Folk Tradition and Policy","authors":"I. Russell","doi":"10.3366/nor.2019.0196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nor.2019.0196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40928,"journal":{"name":"Northern Scotland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41911252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eric Simpson, Hail Caledonia. The Lure of the Highlands and Islands","authors":"K. Grenier","doi":"10.3366/nor.2019.0194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nor.2019.0194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40928,"journal":{"name":"Northern Scotland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45596292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Silke Stroh, Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination: Anglophone Writing from 1600–1900","authors":"T. Black","doi":"10.3366/nor.2019.0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nor.2019.0191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40928,"journal":{"name":"Northern Scotland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41935354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kirsteen M. MacKenzie, The Solemn League and Covenant and the Cromwellian Union, 1643–1663","authors":"J. Abernethy","doi":"10.3366/nor.2019.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nor.2019.0190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40928,"journal":{"name":"Northern Scotland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46788833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Looking Back and Looking Forward: Twenty Years of the Research Institute of Irish and Scottish Studies","authors":"M. Brown","doi":"10.3366/nor.2019.0186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nor.2019.0186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40928,"journal":{"name":"Northern Scotland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41303037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Christian Cooijmans, Alan Macniven and John R. Baldwin (eds), Traversing the Inner Seas: Contacts and Continuity in and around Scotland, the Hebrides, and the north of Ireland","authors":"Mary A. MacLeod Rivett","doi":"10.3366/nor.2019.0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nor.2019.0187","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40928,"journal":{"name":"Northern Scotland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ronald Black, The Campbells of the Ark: Men of Argyll in 1745","authors":"Darren S. Layne","doi":"10.3366/nor.2019.0192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/nor.2019.0192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40928,"journal":{"name":"Northern Scotland","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44113496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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