Pub Date : 2020-12-22DOI: 10.21694/2379-7959.20003
M. Mandal, S. Mandal
Objective: To explore the early pandemic severity of COVID-19 in India in terms of various case fatality rate (CFR) estimates. Methods: Various COVID-19 fatalities: confirmed CFR (cCFR), asymptomatic CFR (aCFR), symptomatic CFR (sCFR), and hospitalized CFR (HFR) were estimated along with relative susceptibility of developing symptoms (RSODS) and relative susceptibility of developing infection (RSODI) determination for Psym (probability of developing symptoms) 0.50, 0.75, and 0.95 each for all age groups. Results: The cCFR, aCFR, sCFR, and HFR estimates were 2.32% (2.05-2.59), 0.14% (0.12-0.16), 0.32% (0.27-0.36), 1.86% (1.64-2.07) respectively. The RSODS and RSODI of COVID-19 were ~33 times higher among people aged <45 years. The RSODS estimates were 1.97 (0.47-3.47), 0.62 (0.15-1.09), 0.29 (0.07-0.52), 0.06 (0.02-0.10) respectively, for patients <45 years, 45-60, 60-75, >75 years. Similar trend, for RSODI were found, with relatively higher value, compared to RSODS, which decreased with the increase of age. The 14-day lag estimate of CFR were 18.07 (15.67- 20.47), and outcome (deaths plus recoveries)-based estimate of CFR were 16.57 (14.65-18.49). The growth rate, serial interval, reproduction number and average time from onset of COVID-19 infection to death were 6.12% (5.30%-6.99%), 11.4 days (9.91-12.85), 1.03 (1.01-1.05), and 11.85 days (10.55-13.15), respectively. The average daily recovery was 19.45% (14.75- 24.15) and average cumulative recovery was 12.68% (10.70- 14.66) among COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Detecting all possible cases throughout the course of the COVID-19 pandemic real CFR could be estimated to evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare systems and new treatments
{"title":"Estimating COVID-19 Early Pandemic Severity in Indian Context","authors":"M. Mandal, S. Mandal","doi":"10.21694/2379-7959.20003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21694/2379-7959.20003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the early pandemic severity of COVID-19 in India in terms of various case fatality rate (CFR) estimates. Methods: Various COVID-19 fatalities: confirmed CFR (cCFR), asymptomatic CFR (aCFR), symptomatic CFR (sCFR), and hospitalized CFR (HFR) were estimated along with relative susceptibility of developing symptoms (RSODS) and relative susceptibility of developing infection (RSODI) determination for Psym (probability of developing symptoms) 0.50, 0.75, and 0.95 each for all age groups. Results: The cCFR, aCFR, sCFR, and HFR estimates were 2.32% (2.05-2.59), 0.14% (0.12-0.16), 0.32% (0.27-0.36), 1.86% (1.64-2.07) respectively. The RSODS and RSODI of COVID-19 were ~33 times higher among people aged <45 years. The RSODS estimates were 1.97 (0.47-3.47), 0.62 (0.15-1.09), 0.29 (0.07-0.52), 0.06 (0.02-0.10) respectively, for patients <45 years, 45-60, 60-75, >75 years. Similar trend, for RSODI were found, with relatively higher value, compared to RSODS, which decreased with the increase of age. The 14-day lag estimate of CFR were 18.07 (15.67- 20.47), and outcome (deaths plus recoveries)-based estimate of CFR were 16.57 (14.65-18.49). The growth rate, serial interval, reproduction number and average time from onset of COVID-19 infection to death were 6.12% (5.30%-6.99%), 11.4 days (9.91-12.85), 1.03 (1.01-1.05), and 11.85 days (10.55-13.15), respectively. The average daily recovery was 19.45% (14.75- 24.15) and average cumulative recovery was 12.68% (10.70- 14.66) among COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Detecting all possible cases throughout the course of the COVID-19 pandemic real CFR could be estimated to evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare systems and new treatments","PeriodicalId":409393,"journal":{"name":"American Research Journal of Biosciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131350432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.21694/2379-7959.19001
M. A. A. Maqtari, Khalid Mohammed Naji, L. Ali
The aim of this study is to prepare immobilized protease with high hydrolytic activity forbiotechnological applications. Local Bean Seeds (Dolichos Lablab L.) were used for the extraction of acidprotease using tris-buffer, pH 4.5 as enzyme solvent. Free acidic protease was immobilized on entrapment in calcium alginate gel (in situ activated) by covalent binding method. Their activity and immobilization efficiency for hemoglobin hydrolysis was investigated. Temperature and pH maxima of the immobilized protease showed no changes before and after immobilization. The immobilized protease exhibited good thermal stability and re-usability.
{"title":"Extraction and Immobilization of Proteolytic Enzymes from Local Yemeni Bean Seeds (Dolichos Lablab L.)","authors":"M. A. A. Maqtari, Khalid Mohammed Naji, L. Ali","doi":"10.21694/2379-7959.19001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21694/2379-7959.19001","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to prepare immobilized protease with high hydrolytic activity forbiotechnological applications. Local Bean Seeds (Dolichos Lablab L.) were used for the extraction of acidprotease using tris-buffer, pH 4.5 as enzyme solvent. Free acidic protease was immobilized on entrapment in calcium alginate gel (in situ activated) by covalent binding method. Their activity and immobilization efficiency for hemoglobin hydrolysis was investigated. Temperature and pH maxima of the immobilized protease showed no changes before and after immobilization. The immobilized protease exhibited good thermal stability and re-usability.","PeriodicalId":409393,"journal":{"name":"American Research Journal of Biosciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128142704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21694/2379-7959.19002
O. Eromosele, O. Olorunfemi
According to Anokye et al. (2014) Bamboo is the largest member of grass family known as Poaceae. Wang and Shen (1987), stated that there are about 60 to 70 genera and over 1,200 to 1,500 species of bamboo in the world. Bamboo species can be found in various climate from cold mountain-top to hot tropical region. They grow abundantly in most of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Janssen (1995) noted that bamboo is one of the fastest growing renewable resources in the world. It takes a short period of time to mature and can be harvested for utilization within 3 to 4 years. Bamboo has phenomenal growth rate potential with some species growing at a rate of 15 to 18 cm daily thereby attaining a maximum height within 4 to 6 months.
根据Anokye et al.(2014)，竹子是禾本科中最大的成员。Wang和Shen(1987)指出，世界上竹子约有60 ~ 70属，1200 ~ 1500余种。从寒冷的山顶到炎热的热带地区，各种气候都有竹子的种类。它们在世界上大部分热带和亚热带地区大量生长。Janssen(1995)指出，竹子是世界上增长最快的可再生资源之一。成熟时间短，3 ~ 4年即可收获利用。竹子具有惊人的生长潜力，一些品种的生长速度为每天15至18厘米，从而在4至6个月内达到最高高度。
{"title":"Microstructural Examination of Culm Fibres of Bambusa Vulgaris Schrad. ex. J. C. Wendl.","authors":"O. Eromosele, O. Olorunfemi","doi":"10.21694/2379-7959.19002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21694/2379-7959.19002","url":null,"abstract":"According to Anokye et al. (2014) Bamboo is the largest member of grass family known as Poaceae. Wang and Shen (1987), stated that there are about 60 to 70 genera and over 1,200 to 1,500 species of bamboo in the world. Bamboo species can be found in various climate from cold mountain-top to hot tropical region. They grow abundantly in most of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Janssen (1995) noted that bamboo is one of the fastest growing renewable resources in the world. It takes a short period of time to mature and can be harvested for utilization within 3 to 4 years. Bamboo has phenomenal growth rate potential with some species growing at a rate of 15 to 18 cm daily thereby attaining a maximum height within 4 to 6 months.","PeriodicalId":409393,"journal":{"name":"American Research Journal of Biosciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128872100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21694/2379-7959.21001
M. Pal, M. Bulcha, Wakuma Mitiku Bune
{"title":"Current Status of Clostridium difï¬cile Infection in humans","authors":"M. Pal, M. Bulcha, Wakuma Mitiku Bune","doi":"10.21694/2379-7959.21001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21694/2379-7959.21001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409393,"journal":{"name":"American Research Journal of Biosciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134537693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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