Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.147
Adamu Garba
This study examined the impact of market expansion and product diversification on the performance of medium-sized businesses in North Central Nigeria. The study utilised primary data from a sample of three hundred eighty four (384) respondents from the selected medium enterprises who are managers or proprietors. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Using the probability value of regression estimates, the study hypotheses were examined.. The result of the study shows that Market development (MDVP) has a positive impact on the performance of Medium Enterprises (PFRM) in North Central Nigeria, and the effect is statistically significant (p<0.05) and consistent with a priori expectations. Product diversification (PDIV) has a negative effect on the performance of Medium Enterprises (PFRM) in North Central Nigeria and the effect is not statistically significant (p>0.05) and also not in line with a priori expectation. It was concluded that developing new markets and expanding product lines are two of the most prevalent company expansion tactics that organisations employ. It was recommended among others that before embarking on product diversification, thorough market research is essential. This involves analyzing customer needs, preferences, and purchasing behaviors in the target market segments.
{"title":"EFFECT OF MARKET DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCT DIVERSIFACTION STRATEGIES ON PERFORMANCE OF MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA","authors":"Adamu Garba","doi":"10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.147","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the impact of market expansion and product diversification on the performance of medium-sized businesses in North Central Nigeria. The study utilised primary data from a sample of three hundred eighty four (384) respondents from the selected medium enterprises who are managers or proprietors. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Using the probability value of regression estimates, the study hypotheses were examined.. The result of the study shows that Market development (MDVP) has a positive impact on the performance of Medium Enterprises (PFRM) in North Central Nigeria, and the effect is statistically significant (p<0.05) and consistent with a priori expectations. Product diversification (PDIV) has a negative effect on the performance of Medium Enterprises (PFRM) in North Central Nigeria and the effect is not statistically significant (p>0.05) and also not in line with a priori expectation. It was concluded that developing new markets and expanding product lines are two of the most prevalent company expansion tactics that organisations employ. It was recommended among others that before embarking on product diversification, thorough market research is essential. This involves analyzing customer needs, preferences, and purchasing behaviors in the target market segments.","PeriodicalId":409457,"journal":{"name":"EPH-International Journal of Business & Management Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124341419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.150
Tichaona Chidziwa, Liberty Chidziwa, Vuyani Langa
School managers have always been on the forefront of the administration of education system since they are the active agents who lead their schools towards wider goals of improving access and quality of education. The purpose of the paper is to give an assessment and evaluation of the concept of innovation by school managers and leaders in the schools. This paper explores impact of innovation and the role of school managers in creating and maintaining an innovative culture and academic performance in selected public schools of the Cofimvaba Education District, which has become synonymous with declining pass rates post-1994.A qualitative research approach was used where existing literature collected, collated and thematically analysed. This paper is novel because it seeks to contribute to the current debate in the literature of educational innovation. The scientific novelty of the article also consists of a conducted large-scale study describing the author's theoretical and practical prerequisites as a former school manager and evidence presented in the research empiricism. The findings of the paper indicated that the school principals are not empowered or willing enough to catalyse the creation and sustaining of innovative cultures in schools. Furthermore, the novelty of the results shows the innovation effects in the high schools and the criteria that school managers employ to get results. Other findings include evidence policy gaps on what is innovation and who must do what in schools which affects the efficacy of school managers. The paper also established that the bureaucratisation of the education sector has done nothing by crippled school managers’ ability to innovate by school managers. Furthermore, the paper recommends strategies on how school managers can become that active catalyst that they should be, to drive innovation include in-service training and setting minimum benchmarks for school managers eligibility. Also, policy interventions such as 4th industrial revolution aligned innovation regulations, exchange of ideas with countries which successful school innovation formulating a sanction model of non-performers, towards improving access and quality of education in the Cofimvaba Education District.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF INNOVATION AND THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL PRINCIPALS AS AGENT OF CHANGE","authors":"Tichaona Chidziwa, Liberty Chidziwa, Vuyani Langa","doi":"10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.150","url":null,"abstract":"School managers have always been on the forefront of the administration of education system since they are the active agents who lead their schools towards wider goals of improving access and quality of education. The purpose of the paper is to give an assessment and evaluation of the concept of innovation by school managers and leaders in the schools. This paper explores impact of innovation and the role of school managers in creating and maintaining an innovative culture and academic performance in selected public schools of the Cofimvaba Education District, which has become synonymous with declining pass rates post-1994.A qualitative research approach was used where existing literature collected, collated and thematically analysed. This paper is novel because it seeks to contribute to the current debate in the literature of educational innovation. The scientific novelty of the article also consists of a conducted large-scale study describing the author's theoretical and practical prerequisites as a former school manager and evidence presented in the research empiricism. The findings of the paper indicated that the school principals are not empowered or willing enough to catalyse the creation and sustaining of innovative cultures in schools. Furthermore, the novelty of the results shows the innovation effects in the high schools and the criteria that school managers employ to get results. Other findings include evidence policy gaps on what is innovation and who must do what in schools which affects the efficacy of school managers. The paper also established that the bureaucratisation of the education sector has done nothing by crippled school managers’ ability to innovate by school managers. Furthermore, the paper recommends strategies on how school managers can become that active catalyst that they should be, to drive innovation include in-service training and setting minimum benchmarks for school managers eligibility. Also, policy interventions such as 4th industrial revolution aligned innovation regulations, exchange of ideas with countries which successful school innovation formulating a sanction model of non-performers, towards improving access and quality of education in the Cofimvaba Education District.","PeriodicalId":409457,"journal":{"name":"EPH-International Journal of Business & Management Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124817884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.149
Tichaona Chidziwa, Liberty Chidziwa, Vuyani Langa
This review paper seeks to analyse and elucidate on the depth and extent of public sector managers’ involvement in creating, inculcating and sustaining an innovative culture in their public spheres thus shifting from bureaucracy and adopting an adhocratic organisational culture. This process involved a systematic review, synthesis and analysis of several articles, journals and books as a n exhaustive review of literature. A selection of articles and journals articulating the concepts of bureaucracy, adhocracy and public sector innovation were analysed. This analysis revealed that there is a paradigm shift in the organisational culture, design and strategy of some public sector organisations and institutions as they seemingly incorporate bureaucracy, adhocracy and innovation as an endeavour to adapt to the dynamic nature of the public service and as a mechanism to enhance organisational functionality and capability of the state to deliver services. This paper further establishes a glaring and inherent relationship between adhocracy culture and strategy implementation as outlined and described in Quin’s theory of Competing Values Framework (CVF) supported by McKinsey 7S Framework. This paper analyses the current highly bureaucratised public sector can implement and infuse in their organisational structure, operations and culture adhocracies towards the realisation of the public sector innovation concept. The analysed articles are relevant and befitting to the topic as they link bureaucracy and adhocracy and how a possible shift can bring about an innovative and creative public service. A qualitative research approach was used where existing literature collected as research empiricism and the empirical findings of the articles were documented. This review paper is novel because it seeks to contribute to the current debate in the literature of public sector innovation through the use adhocracy and bureaucracy. This paper concludes that there is a symbiotic relationship between adhocracy, strategy implementation and innovation It recommends that the leadership and management of public sector organisations should work towards a structure of establishing a structure that accommodates adhocracy within their organisation as a recipe for effective strategy implementation and innovation. Both operational and strategic levels of leadership and management should be structured such an adhocratic culture within the organisation prevails in order to drive innovation through a paradigm shift from a bureaucratic approach to an innovative culture through adhocracy. Implications of this paper include a revision of the Department of Public Service Administration’s Operations Management Framework operations strategy to entail adhocracy as a central tenet in formulating the Service Delivery Model, Service Delivery Improvement Plan and Organisational structure design. This paper further recommends a similar survey to be undertaken in individual government departments an
{"title":"MOVING FROM BUREAUCRACY TO ADHOCRACY: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TOWARDS TORWARDS AN IMPROVED OPERATIONS STRATEGY","authors":"Tichaona Chidziwa, Liberty Chidziwa, Vuyani Langa","doi":"10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.149","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper seeks to analyse and elucidate on the depth and extent of public sector managers’ involvement in creating, inculcating and sustaining an innovative culture in their public spheres thus shifting from bureaucracy and adopting an adhocratic organisational culture. This process involved a systematic review, synthesis and analysis of several articles, journals and books as a n exhaustive review of literature. A selection of articles and journals articulating the concepts of bureaucracy, adhocracy and public sector innovation were analysed. This analysis revealed that there is a paradigm shift in the organisational culture, design and strategy of some public sector organisations and institutions as they seemingly incorporate bureaucracy, adhocracy and innovation as an endeavour to adapt to the dynamic nature of the public service and as a mechanism to enhance organisational functionality and capability of the state to deliver services. This paper further establishes a glaring and inherent relationship between adhocracy culture and strategy implementation as outlined and described in Quin’s theory of Competing Values Framework (CVF) supported by McKinsey 7S Framework. This paper analyses the current highly bureaucratised public sector can implement and infuse in their organisational structure, operations and culture adhocracies towards the realisation of the public sector innovation concept. The analysed articles are relevant and befitting to the topic as they link bureaucracy and adhocracy and how a possible shift can bring about an innovative and creative public service. A qualitative research approach was used where existing literature collected as research empiricism and the empirical findings of the articles were documented. This review paper is novel because it seeks to contribute to the current debate in the literature of public sector innovation through the use adhocracy and bureaucracy. This paper concludes that there is a symbiotic relationship between adhocracy, strategy implementation and innovation It recommends that the leadership and management of public sector organisations should work towards a structure of establishing a structure that accommodates adhocracy within their organisation as a recipe for effective strategy implementation and innovation. Both operational and strategic levels of leadership and management should be structured such an adhocratic culture within the organisation prevails in order to drive innovation through a paradigm shift from a bureaucratic approach to an innovative culture through adhocracy. Implications of this paper include a revision of the Department of Public Service Administration’s Operations Management Framework operations strategy to entail adhocracy as a central tenet in formulating the Service Delivery Model, Service Delivery Improvement Plan and Organisational structure design. This paper further recommends a similar survey to be undertaken in individual government departments an","PeriodicalId":409457,"journal":{"name":"EPH-International Journal of Business & Management Science","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131030321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.142
Alexander Alscher, Christian Wissing
The interplay of innovation and health care workers (HCWs) focusing on vaccination were key in mastering the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to serious health, social and economic problems worldwide (Holzmann-Littig et al., 2022). Apart from optimizing traditional approaches to contain the pandemic outbreak, such as hygiene rules, testing regime, contact tracing, quarantine (Saw et al., 2021), new mRNA-vaccines and innovative digital technologies such as vaccination platforms were introduced (Kis et al., 2021). In this context, the study “Adoption of Digital Vaccination Services: It Is the Click Flow, Not the Value—An Empirical Analysis of the Vaccination Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany” (Alscher et al., 2023) focused on the digital management of vaccination processes. Existing adoption theories and acceptance models from consumer market research were adapted to the public health sector and formed into a digital platform framework for policy makers and pandemic managers to manage public health services, such as vaccination offerings. Based on a survey in Germany’s federal state with the highest vaccination rate, results showed that (1) the usability barrier is the most important barrier which harms adoption, whereas the most emphasized value barrier does not play a dominant role in contrast to consumer market research. By analyzing the three digital platform configuration areas Communication, Data Management, Personalization, (2) Personalization stood out as the most important factor for managing the usability barrier by optimizing the best click flow on the digital health platform to address the needs, preferences, and situation of the citizens as users. “Yet, the endgame of the pandemic is not vaccines; it is vaccination” (Dai & Song, 2021, p. 455) and thus, the fast implementation of the vaccination by health care workers (HCWs) are critical premises and antecedents for a successful vaccination adoption (Scroggins et al., 2023). In this direction, we want to highlight the role of professional HCWs in the adoption of digital vaccination services: First, their own adoption of the vaccination as a role model and their position as first priority vaccination group, and second, their contribution in adapting their service to the new pandemic situation from an agility point of view.
创新和专注于疫苗接种的卫生保健工作者(HCWs)的相互作用是控制COVID-19大流行的关键，这导致了全球严重的健康、社会和经济问题(Holzmann-Littig et al.， 2022)。除了优化控制大流行爆发的传统方法，如卫生规则、检测制度、接触者追踪和隔离(Saw等人，2021年)外，还引入了新的mrna疫苗和疫苗接种平台等创新数字技术(Kis等人，2021年)。在此背景下，“采用数字化疫苗接种服务:是点击流量，而不是价值——对德国COVID-19大流行疫苗接种管理的实证分析”(Alscher et al.， 2023)的研究重点是疫苗接种过程的数字化管理。从消费者市场研究中得出的现有采纳理论和接受模型适用于公共卫生部门，并形成一个数字平台框架，供决策者和大流行病管理者管理公共卫生服务，如疫苗接种。基于对德国疫苗接种率最高的联邦州的调查，结果表明:(1)与消费者市场研究相比，可用性障碍是影响采用的最重要障碍，而最受重视的价值障碍并没有起主导作用。通过分析数字健康平台配置的三个领域:沟通、数据管理、个性化。(2)通过优化数字健康平台上的最佳点击流，以满足公民作为用户的需求、偏好和情况，个性化是管理可用性障碍的最重要因素。“然而，大流行的最后阶段不是疫苗;它是疫苗接种”(Dai & Song, 2021年，第455页)，因此，卫生保健工作者(HCWs)快速实施疫苗接种是成功接种疫苗的关键前提和先决条件(Scroggins等人，2023年)。在这个方向上，我们希望强调专业医护人员在采用数字疫苗接种服务方面的作用:首先，他们自己以疫苗接种为榜样，并作为第一优先接种群体的地位，其次，他们从敏捷性的角度调整他们的服务，以适应新的大流行形势。
{"title":"ADOPTION OF DIGITAL VACCINATION SERVICES FROM A LITERALLY PROFESSIONAL VIEW: A COMMENTARY ON “IT IS THE CLICK FLOW, NOT THE VALUE” FROM A HEALTH CARE WORKERS AND AGILITY PERSPECTIVE","authors":"Alexander Alscher, Christian Wissing","doi":"10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.142","url":null,"abstract":"The interplay of innovation and health care workers (HCWs) focusing on vaccination were key in mastering the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to serious health, social and economic problems worldwide (Holzmann-Littig et al., 2022). Apart from optimizing traditional approaches to contain the pandemic outbreak, such as hygiene rules, testing regime, contact tracing, quarantine (Saw et al., 2021), new mRNA-vaccines and innovative digital technologies such as vaccination platforms were introduced (Kis et al., 2021). In this context, the study “Adoption of Digital Vaccination Services: It Is the Click Flow, Not the Value—An Empirical Analysis of the Vaccination Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany” (Alscher et al., 2023) focused on the digital management of vaccination processes. Existing adoption theories and acceptance models from consumer market research were adapted to the public health sector and formed into a digital platform framework for policy makers and pandemic managers to manage public health services, such as vaccination offerings. Based on a survey in Germany’s federal state with the highest vaccination rate, results showed that (1) the usability barrier is the most important barrier which harms adoption, whereas the most emphasized value barrier does not play a dominant role in contrast to consumer market research. By analyzing the three digital platform configuration areas Communication, Data Management, Personalization, (2) Personalization stood out as the most important factor for managing the usability barrier by optimizing the best click flow on the digital health platform to address the needs, preferences, and situation of the citizens as users. \u0000“Yet, the endgame of the pandemic is not vaccines; it is vaccination” (Dai & Song, 2021, p. 455) and thus, the fast implementation of the vaccination by health care workers (HCWs) are critical premises and antecedents for a successful vaccination adoption (Scroggins et al., 2023). In this direction, we want to highlight the role of professional HCWs in the adoption of digital vaccination services: First, their own adoption of the vaccination as a role model and their position as first priority vaccination group, and second, their contribution in adapting their service to the new pandemic situation from an agility point of view.","PeriodicalId":409457,"journal":{"name":"EPH-International Journal of Business & Management Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116946247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.146
Akshay Shah, S. Nasnodkar
It is crucial for advertisers to comprehend the video context when directing video adverts at consumers, given the growing audience for online video content. Important elements like ad relevancy to video content, where and how video advertisements are displayed, and non-intrusive user experience are required to be looked at in sequence to enhance the consumer experience and quality of commercials. We suggest a methodology for better ad suggestion that meets these requirements by understanding the video content semantically. The study focuses on how machine learning technology has significantly influenced the usage of in-video advertisements as a part of the content advertising approach for fashion brands. Every company wants to get in front of consumers when they are most receptive to persuasion. However, because there are so many options for customers, digital media are generating distinctive customer journeys that take an independent tack. Therefore, there is a need for more compelling advertising strategies to grab consumers' attention and make it possible for them to find companies at peak demand periods.
{"title":"IMPROVING FASHION INDUSTRY USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-ENABLED IN-VIDEO ADVERTISEMENTS","authors":"Akshay Shah, S. Nasnodkar","doi":"10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.146","url":null,"abstract":"It is crucial for advertisers to comprehend the video context when directing video adverts at consumers, given the growing audience for online video content. Important elements like ad relevancy to video content, where and how video advertisements are displayed, and non-intrusive user experience are required to be looked at in sequence to enhance the consumer experience and quality of commercials. We suggest a methodology for better ad suggestion that meets these requirements by understanding the video content semantically. The study focuses on how machine learning technology has significantly influenced the usage of in-video advertisements as a part of the content advertising approach for fashion brands. Every company wants to get in front of consumers when they are most receptive to persuasion. However, because there are so many options for customers, digital media are generating distinctive customer journeys that take an independent tack. Therefore, there is a need for more compelling advertising strategies to grab consumers' attention and make it possible for them to find companies at peak demand periods.","PeriodicalId":409457,"journal":{"name":"EPH-International Journal of Business & Management Science","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121396249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.143
A. Nassoura
Activity-based costing (ABC) system is widely accepted as an innovative and alternative costing system to handle the deficiencies of traditional costing systems. This paper examines the direct impact of information technology and non-accounting ownership on the successful implementation of ABC. Based on recent reports and academic works, the present study aims to cope with the issue in industrial companies concerning the low ABC rate. A quantitative approach design was employed using a questionnaire to address the paper objectives. 327 financial mangers responses were gained from Jordanian industrial shareholding companies. The present research has several contributions to fulfill the gap in recent literature, some of which are theoretical while others are practical by elaborating the direct impacts of the critical factors in the successful implementation of ABC in the industrial sector in the context of developing countries including Jordan.
{"title":"THE FINANCIAL MANAGERS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND NON-ACCOUNTING OWNERSHIP ON THE SUCCESS OF ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING IMPLEMENTATION IN JORDANIAN INDUSTRIAL SHAREHOLDING COMPANIES","authors":"A. Nassoura","doi":"10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijbms.v9i3.143","url":null,"abstract":"Activity-based costing (ABC) system is widely accepted as an innovative and alternative costing system to handle the deficiencies of traditional costing systems. This paper examines the direct impact of information technology and non-accounting ownership on the successful implementation of ABC. Based on recent reports and academic works, the present study aims to cope with the issue in industrial companies concerning the low ABC rate. A quantitative approach design was employed using a questionnaire to address the paper objectives. 327 financial mangers responses were gained from Jordanian industrial shareholding companies. The present research has several contributions to fulfill the gap in recent literature, some of which are theoretical while others are practical by elaborating the direct impacts of the critical factors in the successful implementation of ABC in the industrial sector in the context of developing countries including Jordan.","PeriodicalId":409457,"journal":{"name":"EPH-International Journal of Business & Management Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115696908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：