Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.06
A. Alekseenko
{"title":"Ban of Cryptocurrencies in China and Judicial Practice of Chinese Courts","authors":"A. Alekseenko","doi":"10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40992,"journal":{"name":"China and WTO Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49515246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.08
Sadiya S. Silvee
{"title":"China’s Socialist Free Trade Strategy: A Marxist Analysis","authors":"Sadiya S. Silvee","doi":"10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40992,"journal":{"name":"China and WTO Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44111783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.03
E. Y. Lee
{"title":"Progressive Development of the ASEAN Community under the UN 2030 Agenda","authors":"E. Y. Lee","doi":"10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40992,"journal":{"name":"China and WTO Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45664309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.07
Mohamad Zreik, B. Iqbal, M. N. Rahman
Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) is the cross-border capital flow with the objective of the long-term association having at least a ten percent stake in the equity of the host country firm. In the case of new investment, the total equity is OFDI. This research aims to analyze OFDI in the context of China. The lasting interest is considered 10% equity, thereby saying that if the cross-border investment is at least 10% of the equity share capital, the investment would be considered FDI; if below 10%, it is considered to be a Portfolio Investment. We have applied a more emic approach and discussed the determinants of multinational companies (MNCs) from China. Using an exploratory and qualitative approach, case studies of Chinese MNCs are discussed. Secondary data is utilized to obtain a closer insight into the determinants of OFDI from Chinese MNCs. At the end of this paper, suggestions for OFDI policymakers and study limitations are discussed. This research makes recommendations to the Chinese government regarding OFDI in connection with their economic development .
{"title":"Outward FDI: Determinants and Flows in Emerging Economies: Evidence from China","authors":"Mohamad Zreik, B. Iqbal, M. N. Rahman","doi":"10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) is the cross-border capital flow with the objective of the long-term association having at least a ten percent stake in the equity of the host country firm. In the case of new investment, the total equity is OFDI. This research aims to analyze OFDI in the context of China. The lasting interest is considered 10% equity, thereby saying that if the cross-border investment is at least 10% of the equity share capital, the investment would be considered FDI; if below 10%, it is considered to be a Portfolio Investment. We have applied a more emic approach and discussed the determinants of multinational companies (MNCs) from China. Using an exploratory and qualitative approach, case studies of Chinese MNCs are discussed. Secondary data is utilized to obtain a closer insight into the determinants of OFDI from Chinese MNCs. At the end of this paper, suggestions for OFDI policymakers and study limitations are discussed. This research makes recommendations to the Chinese government regarding OFDI in connection with their economic development .","PeriodicalId":40992,"journal":{"name":"China and WTO Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47643161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.02
E. Gorian
{"title":"Genesis of Data Security Mechanism in China: The Next Step to Data Nationalism","authors":"E. Gorian","doi":"10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40992,"journal":{"name":"China and WTO Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49153176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.09
K. I. Zadi, Ahmad Abdul Rehman Khan, U. Hameed, K. Qaiser, Zarfishan Qaiser
{"title":"Liquidated Damages Clause in Commercial Contracts: A Pakistan’s Perspective","authors":"K. I. Zadi, Ahmad Abdul Rehman Khan, U. Hameed, K. Qaiser, Zarfishan Qaiser","doi":"10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40992,"journal":{"name":"China and WTO Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46505441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.04
Yu Lin, Tao Jin
{"title":"Juvenile Offenders in Community Corrections: A Systemic Look at Risk Evaluation Methods to Implement UN Resolutions under the Chinese Legal System","authors":"Yu Lin, Tao Jin","doi":"10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40992,"journal":{"name":"China and WTO Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45762377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.10
{"title":"Department of Chinese Legal Culture","authors":"","doi":"10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2022.8.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40992,"journal":{"name":"China and WTO Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47150822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.14330/cwr.2022.8.1.06
Wenjun Yan
{"title":"The Choice between Might and Right: Rule of Law in International Relations","authors":"Wenjun Yan","doi":"10.14330/cwr.2022.8.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2022.8.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40992,"journal":{"name":"China and WTO Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41998006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.14330/cwr.2022.8.1.03
D. Hong
Information on the Covid-19 situation in North Korea and the country's policy response to the pandemic has been fragmented and incomplete. To better understand North Korea's Covid-19-related policies, this article assesses the legal measures that have been implemented by this isolated, totalitarian country to counter the pandemic, including the Emergency Law on the Prevention of Epidemics (ELPE), which was enacted in August 2020. Compared to related laws prior to the outbreak of Covid-19, North Korea's legal measures implemented in the face of the current pandemic have distinct characteristics. The measures, which appear to supersede other laws, prescribe draconian punishments for violations and expedite criminal sanction. This article concludes that stringent measures have been implemented in North Korea to prevent the spread of Covid-19, to protect Kim Jong-un, and to reinforce the regime's stability. These measures are likely to be repeated in, future epidemics, as they have achieved the status of law.
{"title":"North Korea’s Criminal Sanctions to Control Infectious Diseases: Changes in the Age of Covid-19","authors":"D. Hong","doi":"10.14330/cwr.2022.8.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14330/cwr.2022.8.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Information on the Covid-19 situation in North Korea and the country's policy response to the pandemic has been fragmented and incomplete. To better understand North Korea's Covid-19-related policies, this article assesses the legal measures that have been implemented by this isolated, totalitarian country to counter the pandemic, including the Emergency Law on the Prevention of Epidemics (ELPE), which was enacted in August 2020. Compared to related laws prior to the outbreak of Covid-19, North Korea's legal measures implemented in the face of the current pandemic have distinct characteristics. The measures, which appear to supersede other laws, prescribe draconian punishments for violations and expedite criminal sanction. This article concludes that stringent measures have been implemented in North Korea to prevent the spread of Covid-19, to protect Kim Jong-un, and to reinforce the regime's stability. These measures are likely to be repeated in, future epidemics, as they have achieved the status of law.","PeriodicalId":40992,"journal":{"name":"China and WTO Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43355040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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