Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78212
Carlos Augusto França Schettini
The human being has a cognitive pattern of always considering the work of others simple, and this is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect. All areas of knowledge present complexities that are only understood by those who are dedicated to going deeper into a particular topic. This manuscript talks (superficially) about mud and dredging, which is a contemporary and very relevant topic for economic development and the preservation of the environment. In short, dredging is taking sediment from one place and putting it in another. Simple! However, when this sediment is mud, there are several aspects inherent to this type of material that make the evaluation of its behavior somewhat complex, synergistically with the complexity of coastal hydrodynamics. Keywords: cohesive sediment, hydrodynamics, flocculations, fluid mud.
{"title":"DREDGING, MUD, AND DUNNING-KRUGER","authors":"Carlos Augusto França Schettini","doi":"10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78212","url":null,"abstract":"The human being has a cognitive pattern of always considering the work of others simple, and this is known as the Dunning-Kruger effect. All areas of knowledge present complexities that are only understood by those who are dedicated to going deeper into a particular topic. This manuscript talks (superficially) about mud and dredging, which is a contemporary and very relevant topic for economic development and the preservation of the environment. In short, dredging is taking sediment from one place and putting it in another. Simple! However, when this sediment is mud, there are several aspects inherent to this type of material that make the evaluation of its behavior somewhat complex, synergistically with the complexity of coastal hydrodynamics. \u0000Keywords: cohesive sediment, hydrodynamics, flocculations, fluid mud.","PeriodicalId":410099,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Ciências do Mar","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124511294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78410
Gárate-Osuna Andrea de Jesús, Ambriz-Pérez Dulce Libna, Valdez-Ortiz Angel, Santos-Ballardo David Ulises
Biorefining is sustainable biomass processing to obtain energy, biofuels and high value products through different technologies and processes for biomass transformation. On the other hand, microalgae have been received great interest as a biofuel feedstock in response to the uprising energy crisis, climate change and depletion of natural sources. However, the development of microalgal biofuels does not satisfy the economic feasibility to reach commercial status. Due to this, different high-value co-products have been produced through the extraction of microalgae fractions to improve the economical profile of this technology, generating in this way the microalgae biorefineries. Examples of these high-value products are pigments, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and antioxidants, with applications in cosmetics, nutritional and pharmaceuticals industries. To promote the sustainability of this process, an innovative microalgae biorefinery structure is implemented through the generation of multiple products, usually in form of biofuel and other high valueproducts. This review presents the current challenges in the extraction of high value products from microalgae and its integration in the biorefinery. It describes the general characteristics of microalgae, and their potential to be used as a raw material in the biorefinery process. Keywords: microalgae, bioenergy, bioproducts, biorefineries.
{"title":"MICROALGAE AS A PROMISING ALTERNATIVE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BIOREFINERIES: MAIN TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMICAL CHALLENGES","authors":"Gárate-Osuna Andrea de Jesús, Ambriz-Pérez Dulce Libna, Valdez-Ortiz Angel, Santos-Ballardo David Ulises","doi":"10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78410","url":null,"abstract":"Biorefining is sustainable biomass processing to obtain energy, biofuels and high value products through different technologies and processes for biomass transformation. On the other hand, microalgae have been received great interest as a biofuel feedstock in response to the uprising energy crisis, climate change and depletion of natural sources. However, the development of microalgal biofuels does not satisfy the economic feasibility to reach commercial status. Due to this, different high-value co-products have been produced through the extraction of microalgae fractions to improve the economical profile of this technology, generating in this way the microalgae biorefineries. Examples of these high-value products are pigments, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and antioxidants, with applications in cosmetics, nutritional and pharmaceuticals industries. To promote the sustainability of this process, an innovative microalgae biorefinery structure is implemented through the generation of multiple products, usually in form of biofuel and other high valueproducts. This review presents the current challenges in the extraction of high value products from microalgae and its integration in the biorefinery. It describes the general characteristics of microalgae, and their potential to be used as a raw material in the biorefinery process. \u0000Keywords: microalgae, bioenergy, bioproducts, biorefineries.","PeriodicalId":410099,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Ciências do Mar","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116656152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78211
Bianca Del Bianco Sahm, Larissa Alves Guimarães, Diego Veras Wilke, A. Bauermeister, Letícia Veras Costa-Lotufo, Paula C. Jimenez
The inherent value of nature is immeasurable. That being said, through bioprospection – the systematic search for functional products or processes from living organisms –, the oceans and marine life have emerged as a relevant source of biodiscoveries that hold significant economic worth. Particularly considering the pharmaceutical industry, an increasing number of natural molecules of marine origin have been making their way into pipelines and receiving approval for clinical use. Still, in its earliest days, this had become an extractivist practice, putting marine environments at risk and nearly driving species to extinction through over-collecting. While it is now well understood that exploration of the oceans' living resources must withstand a sustainable agenda, thus, protecting the environment from unnatural genetic losses, it was the developments towards achieving more efficient bioprospective strategies and non-destructive but feasible means to assure product supply that pushed for the greatest advances in this field. Herein, we present our assessment of this story by telling it through the 20-year journey – and few detours –we took in the chemical and pharmacological study of the ascidian Eudistoma vannamei, a species endemic to the northeast coast of Brazil that retains novel natural products with remarkable modes of action. Indeed, ascidians figure among the most pharmacologically talented marine organisms, having yielded the active principles of three new anticancer drugs, one of which is being considered for repositioning towards the treatment of Covid-19. Finally, we argue that emphasizing the unceasing biotechnological potential of marine biological diversity, exemplified herein by Brazilian ascidians, but certainly true worldwide for this and many other groups, would work in favor of raising awareness and supporting strategies to foster conservation of the oceans. Keywords: blue biotechnology, marine biodiversity, ascidians, bioproducts, innovation.
{"title":"FOSTERING CONSERVANCY THROUGH BIOPROSPECTION: THE PHARMACEUTICAL VALUE OF THE BRAZILIAN ASCIDIAN FAUNA","authors":"Bianca Del Bianco Sahm, Larissa Alves Guimarães, Diego Veras Wilke, A. Bauermeister, Letícia Veras Costa-Lotufo, Paula C. Jimenez","doi":"10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78211","url":null,"abstract":"The inherent value of nature is immeasurable. That being said, through bioprospection – the systematic search for functional products or processes from living organisms –, the oceans and marine life have emerged as a relevant source of biodiscoveries that hold significant economic worth. Particularly considering the pharmaceutical industry, an increasing number of natural molecules of marine origin have been making their way into pipelines and receiving approval for clinical use. Still, in its earliest days, this had become an extractivist practice, putting marine environments at risk and nearly driving species to extinction through over-collecting. While it is now well understood that exploration of the oceans' living resources must withstand a sustainable agenda, thus, protecting the environment from unnatural genetic losses, it was the developments towards achieving more efficient bioprospective strategies and non-destructive but feasible means to assure product supply that pushed for the greatest advances in this field. Herein, we present our assessment of this story by telling it through the 20-year journey – and few detours –we took in the chemical and pharmacological study of the ascidian Eudistoma vannamei, a species endemic to the northeast coast of Brazil that retains novel natural products with remarkable modes of action. Indeed, ascidians figure among the most pharmacologically talented marine organisms, having yielded the active principles of three new anticancer drugs, one of which is being considered for repositioning towards the treatment of Covid-19. Finally, we argue that emphasizing the unceasing biotechnological potential of marine biological diversity, exemplified herein by Brazilian ascidians, but certainly true worldwide for this and many other groups, would work in favor of raising awareness and supporting strategies to foster conservation of the oceans. \u0000Keywords: blue biotechnology, marine biodiversity, ascidians, bioproducts, innovation.","PeriodicalId":410099,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Ciências do Mar","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115534899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78542
S. Rossi
The ocean transformation due to the direct or indirect human influence is a fact. One of the most affected ecosystems are the benthic ones, where bottom trawling, urban/agricultural development and climate change (among other things) deeply transform the bottom communities. Among these threatened communities, the marine forest is the most extended. The marine forest is composed of benthic macroalgae, phanerogams and suspension feeders (sponges, corals, gorgonians, etc.) which conform three-dimensional living structures. Coral reefs, seaweeds, sponge grounds, seagrasses, oyster banks, cold water corals are some examples of this vast set of ecosystems dispersed all over the world. During the last two decades, the concept of Blue Carbon has been consolidated, describing the stocked carbon in vegetated coastal and marine habitats such as mangroves, salt marshes, seagrasses and seaweeds. There are also world-wide numbers about how much carbon is retained in the terrestrial forests, crops and soils. These systems act as carbon immobilizers from which we have proxies. Can we design and apply an ambitious shallow and deep marine forest restoration plan to help climate change mitigation? The aim of thispaper is developing a simplified realistic calculation of the role as carbon immobilizers of a restored marine forests in one area as a case study, setting up a huge restoration plan to help mitigating climate change, enhancing carbon retention. A shallow (10-30 meters depth) restoration plan of the marine animal forests with new technologies based on symbiotic artificial reefs, enhancing the role as carbon immobilizers and creating a protocol to help the climate change mitigation, is explained, using realistic numbers to calculate the real impact of such regenerative plan. Is time to have a much more applied and holistic view of what is in the ocean’s floors in terms of habitat composition, complexity and biomass stocks, implementing new methods and technologies that are already in our hands. It is also time to give a chance to the oceans in helping in the climate change mitigation plans applying brave new restoration approaches that may change our relation with the sea. Keywords: marine restoration, marine animal forests, artificial reefs, transplantation,forest ecology.
{"title":"HOW CARBON IMMOBILIZATION FROM RESTORED MARINE FORESTS MAY HELP CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION PLANS?","authors":"S. Rossi","doi":"10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78542","url":null,"abstract":"The ocean transformation due to the direct or indirect human influence is a fact. One of the most affected ecosystems are the benthic ones, where bottom trawling, urban/agricultural development and climate change (among other things) deeply transform the bottom communities. Among these threatened communities, the marine forest is the most extended. The marine forest is composed of benthic macroalgae, phanerogams and suspension feeders (sponges, corals, gorgonians, etc.) which conform three-dimensional living structures. Coral reefs, seaweeds, sponge grounds, seagrasses, oyster banks, cold water corals are some examples of this vast set of ecosystems dispersed all over the world. During the last two decades, the concept of Blue Carbon has been consolidated, describing the stocked carbon in vegetated coastal and marine habitats such as mangroves, salt marshes, seagrasses and seaweeds. There are also world-wide numbers about how much carbon is retained in the terrestrial forests, crops and soils. These systems act as carbon immobilizers from which we have proxies. Can we design and apply an ambitious shallow and deep marine forest restoration plan to help climate change mitigation? The aim of thispaper is developing a simplified realistic calculation of the role as carbon immobilizers of a restored marine forests in one area as a case study, setting up a huge restoration plan to help mitigating climate change, enhancing carbon retention. A shallow (10-30 meters depth) restoration plan of the marine animal forests with new technologies based on symbiotic artificial reefs, enhancing the role as carbon immobilizers and creating a protocol to help the climate change mitigation, is explained, using realistic numbers to calculate the real impact of such regenerative plan. Is time to have a much more applied and holistic view of what is in the ocean’s floors in terms of habitat composition, complexity and biomass stocks, implementing new methods and technologies that are already in our hands. It is also time to give a chance to the oceans in helping in the climate change mitigation plans applying brave new restoration approaches that may change our relation with the sea. \u0000Keywords: marine restoration, marine animal forests, artificial reefs, transplantation,forest ecology.","PeriodicalId":410099,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Ciências do Mar","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117063353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78188
C. Havermans, Annkathrin Dischereit, Dmitrii Pantiukhin, M. Friedrich, Ayla Murray
Environmental DNA (eDNA) studies have burgeoned over the last two decades and the application of eDNA has increased exponentially since 2010, albeit at a slower pace in the marine system. We provide a literature overview on marine metazoan eDNA studies and assess recent achievements in answering questions related to species distributions, biodiversity and biomass. We investigate which are the better studied taxonomic groups, geographic regions and the genetic markers used. We evaluate the use of eDNA for addressing ecological and environmental issues through food web, ecotoxicological, surveillance and management studies. Based on this state of the art, we highlight exciting prospects of eDNA for marine time series, population genetic studies, the use of natural sampler DNA, and eDNA data for building trophic networks and ecosystem models. We discuss the current limitations, in terms of marker choice and incompleteness of reference databases. We also present recent advances using experiments and modeling to better understand persistence, decay and dispersal of eDNA in coastal and oceanic systems. Finally, we explore promising avenues for marine eDNA research, including autonomous or passive eDNA sampling, as well as the combined applications of eDNA with different surveillance methods and further molecular advances. Keywords: environmental DNA, DNA metabarcoding, marine metazoa, biodiversity, population genetics, natural sampler DNA, diet analysis.
{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL DNA IN AN OCEAN OF CHANGE: STATUS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS","authors":"C. Havermans, Annkathrin Dischereit, Dmitrii Pantiukhin, M. Friedrich, Ayla Murray","doi":"10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78188","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) studies have burgeoned over the last two decades and the application of eDNA has increased exponentially since 2010, albeit at a slower pace in the marine system. We provide a literature overview on marine metazoan eDNA studies and assess recent achievements in answering questions related to species distributions, biodiversity and biomass. We investigate which are the better studied taxonomic groups, geographic regions and the genetic markers used. We evaluate the use of eDNA for addressing ecological and environmental issues through food web, ecotoxicological, surveillance and management studies. Based on this state of the art, we highlight exciting prospects of eDNA for marine time series, population genetic studies, the use of natural sampler DNA, and eDNA data for building trophic networks and ecosystem models. We discuss the current limitations, in terms of marker choice and incompleteness of reference databases. We also present recent advances using experiments and modeling to better understand persistence, decay and dispersal of eDNA in coastal and oceanic systems. Finally, we explore promising avenues for marine eDNA research, including autonomous or passive eDNA sampling, as well as the combined applications of eDNA with different surveillance methods and further molecular advances. \u0000Keywords: environmental DNA, DNA metabarcoding, marine metazoa, biodiversity, population genetics, natural sampler DNA, diet analysis.","PeriodicalId":410099,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Ciências do Mar","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129424662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78409
André Carrara Morandini
Some points related to the impacts (either negative or positive) caused by jellyfish(scyp homedusae) are briefly presented. Although medusae cause several negative impacts, they also have a positive side. It is argued that jellyfish blooms are becoming more frequent in areas where anthropogenic impacts are higher. Human perceptions of jellyfish need more study to better understand the role of these animals in the environment. Only then will we be able to decide if they are “good” or “bad”. Keywords: medusa, gelatinous zooplankton, Scyphozoa, marine zoology, marine impacts, climate change.
{"title":"IMPACTS OF JELLYFISH: GELATINOUS PROBLEMS OR OPPORTUNITIES?","authors":"André Carrara Morandini","doi":"10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78409","url":null,"abstract":"Some points related to the impacts (either negative or positive) caused by jellyfish(scyp homedusae) are briefly presented. Although medusae cause several negative impacts, they also have a positive side. It is argued that jellyfish blooms are becoming more frequent in areas where anthropogenic impacts are higher. Human perceptions of jellyfish need more study to better understand the role of these animals in the environment. Only then will we be able to decide if they are “good” or “bad”. \u0000Keywords: medusa, gelatinous zooplankton, Scyphozoa, marine zoology, marine impacts, climate change.","PeriodicalId":410099,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Ciências do Mar","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125822663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78406
E. Isla
The Southern Ocean has a significant importance in global climate regulation because its great potential to sequester atmospheric carbon and its enormous contribution to the transport of heat and mass in the global ocean. Antarctic benthos presents unique characteristics developed after millions of years of evolution and greatly contribute to the maintenance of the global biodiversity and genetic pool. Ongoing anthropogenic pressure seriously threaten Southern Ocean’s current characteristics and the ecosystems services they provide. In my opinion, individual actions toward environmental protection emergesas the fastest alternative to ameliorate the current situation. Keywords: Antarctica, climate change, anthropogenic impacts, social behavior.
{"title":"THE SOUTHERN OCEAN: OUR BEST OPPORTUNITY?","authors":"E. Isla","doi":"10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78406","url":null,"abstract":"The Southern Ocean has a significant importance in global climate regulation because its great potential to sequester atmospheric carbon and its enormous contribution to the transport of heat and mass in the global ocean. Antarctic benthos presents unique characteristics developed after millions of years of evolution and greatly contribute to the maintenance of the global biodiversity and genetic pool. Ongoing anthropogenic pressure seriously threaten Southern Ocean’s current characteristics and the ecosystems services they provide. In my opinion, individual actions toward environmental protection emergesas the fastest alternative to ameliorate the current situation. \u0000Keywords: Antarctica, climate change, anthropogenic impacts, social behavior.","PeriodicalId":410099,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Ciências do Mar","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127623677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78515
G. Santangelo
Long-lived species, whose life-span can amply exceed one century, play a fundamental role within marine communities. However, due to the short time windows covered by most research our knowledge of their demography is quite limited, consequently severely limiting the possibility of understanding their complex dynamics over the long run. Moreover, several aspects of the life-history of long-lived populations are largely unknown. This short review describes some examples of demographic analyses in terrestrial ecology, which are then applied to long-lived marine species. The ultimate aim is to suggest that wider application of demographic concepts and models could improve our ability to understand how these populations might respond to unusual increases in mortality rates due to Global Climate Changes and other sources of anthropogenic disturbance. In this framework, close, continuous, reciprocal and dialectic interaction between population mathematicians and field marine ecologists could greatly help to both design the necessary research and set out improved population dynamic models for such species. Such models would constitute an important first step in increasing our knowledge, and thereby implementing management plans for fostering the conservation of long-lived marine species, which too frequently have been defined by international conservation authorities. Keywords: demography, mortality tables, life-tables, gorgonian corals, cetaceans.
{"title":"CONSERVATION OF LONG-LIVED MARINE SPECIES: SOME HINTS FOR ADOPTING A POPULATION APPROACH","authors":"G. Santangelo","doi":"10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78515","url":null,"abstract":"Long-lived species, whose life-span can amply exceed one century, play a fundamental role within marine communities. However, due to the short time windows covered by most research our knowledge of their demography is quite limited, consequently severely limiting the possibility of understanding their complex dynamics over the long run. Moreover, several aspects of the life-history of long-lived populations are largely unknown. This short review describes some examples of demographic analyses in terrestrial ecology, which are then applied to long-lived marine species. The ultimate aim is to suggest that wider application of demographic concepts and models could improve our ability to understand how these populations might respond to unusual increases in mortality rates due to Global Climate Changes and other sources of anthropogenic disturbance. In this framework, close, continuous, reciprocal and dialectic interaction between population mathematicians and field marine ecologists could greatly help to both design the necessary research and set out improved population dynamic models for such species. Such models would constitute an important first step in increasing our knowledge, and thereby implementing management plans for fostering the conservation of long-lived marine species, which too frequently have been defined by international conservation authorities. \u0000Keywords: demography, mortality tables, life-tables, gorgonian corals, cetaceans.","PeriodicalId":410099,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Ciências do Mar","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114240621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microorganisms play important roles in nutrient cycling in mangrove ecosystems and knowledge on the plant/microorganism association is essential to better understand the functioning of this environment. Rhizophora mangle is the dominant tree species within Brazilian mangroves and little information is available on the microbiota associated with this plant species. In this context, the aim of this study was to survey the taxonomic diversity of bacteria in the R. mangle root zones in mangroves within the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil submitted to different human disturbances, intending to determine the bacterialfingerprint associated with this habitat. The total DNA extracted from sediments of different mangroves was pooled and used for construction of 16S rDNA cloning libraries, which resulted in 663 sequences with an average size of 809 bp. All mangroves were rich in different phyla of the Bacteria domain, with Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria being detected in all locations. Proteobacteria was dominant in all mangroves, and it was mainly represented by Alpha, Delta, and Gammaproteobacteria. The greatest richness was found in the Timonha river mangrove, with 13 phyla, a location considered more preserved compared to other mangroves. The lowest richness was found in Ceará river mangrove, with only seven phyla. This mangrove is threatened by intense urbanization. The results clearly showed that the taxonomic diversity of bacteria from mangroves subjected to intense urbanization have decreased, highlighting the risks of these changes for the functioning of important microbe-mediated processes and related ecosystem services. Keywords: brazilian mangroves, semi-arid, Rhizophora mangle, rRNA 16S, clone library.
{"title":"BACTERIOME ASSOCIATED WITH Rhizophora mangle SEDIMENTS WITHIN BRAZIL SEMI-ARID MANGROVES","authors":"Walderly Melgaço Bezerra, Tallita Cruz Lopes Tavares, Vanessa Lúcia Rodrigues Nogueira, Leonardo Ribeiro Oliveira Normando, Tatiana A. Bomfim, Alysson Lira Angelim, Vânia Maria Maciel Melo","doi":"10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78512","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms play important roles in nutrient cycling in mangrove ecosystems and knowledge on the plant/microorganism association is essential to better understand the functioning of this environment. Rhizophora mangle is the dominant tree species within Brazilian mangroves and little information is available on the microbiota associated with this plant species. In this context, the aim of this study was to survey the taxonomic diversity of bacteria in the R. mangle root zones in mangroves within the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil submitted to different human disturbances, intending to determine the bacterialfingerprint associated with this habitat. The total DNA extracted from sediments of different mangroves was pooled and used for construction of 16S rDNA cloning libraries, which resulted in 663 sequences with an average size of 809 bp. All mangroves were rich in different phyla of the Bacteria domain, with Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria being detected in all locations. Proteobacteria was dominant in all mangroves, and it was mainly represented by Alpha, Delta, and Gammaproteobacteria. The greatest richness was found in the Timonha river mangrove, with 13 phyla, a location considered more preserved compared to other mangroves. The lowest richness was found in Ceará river mangrove, with only seven phyla. This mangrove is threatened by intense urbanization. The results clearly showed that the taxonomic diversity of bacteria from mangroves subjected to intense urbanization have decreased, highlighting the risks of these changes for the functioning of important microbe-mediated processes and related ecosystem services. \u0000Keywords: brazilian mangroves, semi-arid, Rhizophora mangle, rRNA 16S, clone library.","PeriodicalId":410099,"journal":{"name":"Arquivos de Ciências do Mar","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114309591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78185
Alexander Cesar Ferreira, L. Drude de Lacerda
The decade 2021-2030 was defined by the UN as the decade of ‘Ecosystem Restoration’ and of ‘Ocean Science for Sustainable Development’, aiming to restore ecosystems and protect the Oceans. Among target ecosystems, mangroves are fundamental wetlands, since they support a lively, biologically dynamic frontier between land and sea, furnishing many goods and services in relation to their extension, like fisheries, timber, biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation, among others. Regarding climate change, mangrove restoration helps mitigate GHG emissions, by sequestering carbon in biomass and sediments for long periods of time and increases shore protection facing sea level rise and extreme climate events. The possibilities and conditions for mangrove restoration are many, and their rehabilitation/restoration is possible as provided by evidence form many experiments worldwide. Notwithstanding, there are still many steps in methodology and governance decisions to place mangrove restoration as a globally effective mitigation and adaptation measure to climate change. Keywords: global changes, ecosystem services, ecological rehabilitation, mitigation.
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