M. Nwachukwu, J. Nwachukwu, A. Babatunde, J. Anyanwu, C. Ekweogu, A. Nwachukwu
The wave of insecurity, terrorism, kidnapping, killing, and shooting of innocent citizens, as well as environmental destruction due to terrorism in Nigeria is of great concern to governments, security operatives and the civil society. Life now means nothing to terrorists operating in the region, as hundreds of people are kidnapped or killed every day. Information about these crimes and atrocities virtually end up on social media with heart breaking photographs, thus bringing down the dignity of man on earth. This paper proposes a geospatial intelligence framework for terrorism surveillance (GIFTS) so that terrorists’ activities in Nigeria could at least be digitized on crime maps, and published as an outcome of surveillance research. The framework will enable scholars designated as research associates from Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO), and those from 5 other universities in Nigeria to acquire geospatial intelligence and engage in surveillance research extended to selected sub-Saharan African countries. This will be the first of such framework in the region, adaptable by any institution or organization worldwide. Sadly, Nigeria spent millions of dollars sending micro satellites into the orbit, but most regional researchers do not have access and capacity to use the imagery data and information. This model therefore will have state of the art tools to build geospatial intelligence capacity among scholars, government agencies, police and the military, using training modules on 12 project areas.
{"title":"Geospatial Intelligence Training Concept for Terrorism Surveillance, Nigeria to Infusive Sub-Saharan African Countries","authors":"M. Nwachukwu, J. Nwachukwu, A. Babatunde, J. Anyanwu, C. Ekweogu, A. Nwachukwu","doi":"10.54536/ajgt.v1i1.537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajgt.v1i1.537","url":null,"abstract":"The wave of insecurity, terrorism, kidnapping, killing, and shooting of innocent citizens, as well as environmental destruction due to terrorism in Nigeria is of great concern to governments, security operatives and the civil society. Life now means nothing to terrorists operating in the region, as hundreds of people are kidnapped or killed every day. Information about these crimes and atrocities virtually end up on social media with heart breaking photographs, thus bringing down the dignity of man on earth. This paper proposes a geospatial intelligence framework for terrorism surveillance (GIFTS) so that terrorists’ activities in Nigeria could at least be digitized on crime maps, and published as an outcome of surveillance research. The framework will enable scholars designated as research associates from Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO), and those from 5 other universities in Nigeria to acquire geospatial intelligence and engage in surveillance research extended to selected sub-Saharan African countries. This will be the first of such framework in the region, adaptable by any institution or organization worldwide. Sadly, Nigeria spent millions of dollars sending micro satellites into the orbit, but most regional researchers do not have access and capacity to use the imagery data and information. This model therefore will have state of the art tools to build geospatial intelligence capacity among scholars, government agencies, police and the military, using training modules on 12 project areas.","PeriodicalId":410457,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Geospatial Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127606797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An application of GIS for landslide hazard assessment using multivariate statistical analysis, mapping, and the evaluation of the hazard maps is crucial for disaster risk reduction. Landslides are the rapid downward movement of a mass of rock, earth or artificial fill to the slope. The study was conducted the Khara of Triveni Rural municipality of Rukum West district and it covers three wards (3, 4 & 5) of rural municipality covering the total area of about 33.52 square kilometres located in the Karnali province of Nepal which is under the pressure of high road construction activities. Data used to construct the landslide distribution map and hazard assessments were obtained from the direct field, and mapping using GIS. More data sources and verifications were made from the rural municipality, published articles and journals, topographical and geological maps, google images and aerial photographs and other digital sources. To determine the factors and classes influencing land sliding, the layers of topographic factors derived from a digital elevation model, geology, and land use/land covers were analyzed and the results were used for landslide distribution mapping and hazard analyses. From the landslide inventory of more than 200 landslides that were occurred during the last five years since 2015, the landslide distribution map, landslide-size distribution map and hazard level of sliding graphics were presented. Hazard map of the study area shows 4.34% area lies in the high hazard level, 53.64% on moderate hazard level and 42.02% in low hazard level in the study area. The results would give insights to the landslide distribution in the area that could support rural municipality for shaping disaster risk reduction policies and strategies.
利用多元统计分析、制图和灾害图评估等方法，将GIS应用于滑坡灾害评估，对降低灾害风险至关重要。山体滑坡是指大量岩石、泥土或人工填充物迅速向下移动到斜坡上。该研究是在Rukum West区的Khara of Triveni农村自治市进行的，它涵盖了位于尼泊尔卡纳利省的农村自治市的三个区(3,4和5)，总面积约33.52平方公里，该地区处于高速公路建设活动的压力之下。构建滑坡分布图和灾害评价的数据来源于直接现场，并利用GIS进行制图。从农村自治市、发表的文章和期刊、地形图和地质图、谷歌图像和航空照片以及其他数字来源获得更多的数据来源和核实。为了确定影响土地滑动的因素和类别，从数字高程模型、地质和土地利用/土地覆盖中得出的地形因子层进行了分析，并将结果用于滑坡分布制图和危害分析。根据2015年以来近5年发生的200多起滑坡的清查结果，给出了滑坡分布图、滑坡规模分布图和滑坡危险性等级图。研究区危险度图显示，4.34%的区域处于高危险度，53.64%的区域处于中等危险度，42.02%的区域处于低危险度。研究结果将有助于了解该地区的滑坡分布情况，为农村市政当局制定减灾政策和战略提供支持。
{"title":"Landslide Hazard Assessment and Distribution Mapping: A Case from Triveni Rural Municipality, Nepal","authors":"Tej Raj Oli","doi":"10.54536/ajgt.v1i1.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajgt.v1i1.468","url":null,"abstract":"An application of GIS for landslide hazard assessment using multivariate statistical analysis, mapping, and the evaluation of the hazard maps is crucial for disaster risk reduction. Landslides are the rapid downward movement of a mass of rock, earth or artificial fill to the slope. The study was conducted the Khara of Triveni Rural municipality of Rukum West district and it covers three wards (3, 4 & 5) of rural municipality covering the total area of about 33.52 square kilometres located in the Karnali province of Nepal which is under the pressure of high road construction activities. Data used to construct the landslide distribution map and hazard assessments were obtained from the direct field, and mapping using GIS. More data sources and verifications were made from the rural municipality, published articles and journals, topographical and geological maps, google images and aerial photographs and other digital sources. To determine the factors and classes influencing land sliding, the layers of topographic factors derived from a digital elevation model, geology, and land use/land covers were analyzed and the results were used for landslide distribution mapping and hazard analyses. From the landslide inventory of more than 200 landslides that were occurred during the last five years since 2015, the landslide distribution map, landslide-size distribution map and hazard level of sliding graphics were presented. Hazard map of the study area shows 4.34% area lies in the high hazard level, 53.64% on moderate hazard level and 42.02% in low hazard level in the study area. The results would give insights to the landslide distribution in the area that could support rural municipality for shaping disaster risk reduction policies and strategies.","PeriodicalId":410457,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Geospatial Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122185746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main aim of this study is to investigate some of the engineering properties of soils found in Seka town in order to know the nature of the soil and also to give information for the design, construction and environmental assessment, so that suitable foundation can be recommended for better design and construction in the town. Laboratory tests were carried out including specific gravity ranges 2.65 to 2.77, natural moisture content, Atterberg limits, UCS ranges 143.52kN/m2 to 352.92kN/m2, compression index 0.23 and 0.39, and swelling index 0.19 and 0.02, MDD ranges from 1.180 g/cm3 to 1.480 g/cm3, and OMC range 35.9% to 48.00% and permeability ranges 3.75*10-5 to 2.75*10-4 cm/sec. Based on the results of this study, the grain size distribution indicates all soil samples have more than 90% fine grained material. Clayey silty type of soil is dominantly located in the study area.
{"title":"Investigation into Some of Engineering Properties of Soil: A Case in Study in Seka Town, Jimma Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Sifilet Nigussie Wakjira","doi":"10.54536/ajgt.v1i1.412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajgt.v1i1.412","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this study is to investigate some of the engineering properties of soils found in Seka town in order to know the nature of the soil and also to give information for the design, construction and environmental assessment, so that suitable foundation can be recommended for better design and construction in the town. Laboratory tests were carried out including specific gravity ranges 2.65 to 2.77, natural moisture content, Atterberg limits, UCS ranges 143.52kN/m2 to 352.92kN/m2, compression index 0.23 and 0.39, and swelling index 0.19 and 0.02, MDD ranges from 1.180 g/cm3 to 1.480 g/cm3, and OMC range 35.9% to 48.00% and permeability ranges 3.75*10-5 to 2.75*10-4 cm/sec. Based on the results of this study, the grain size distribution indicates all soil samples have more than 90% fine grained material. Clayey silty type of soil is dominantly located in the study area.","PeriodicalId":410457,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Geospatial Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132834535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study is accompanied in northern Ethiopian basement rocks, Finarwa area and its surrounding areas, south eastern Tigray. The objective of the study is to amendment field geology, mineralogy, and geochemical characteristics to deliberate about the gold and base metal mineral potential investigations. From the field observations the geology of the area haven been described and mapped based on mineral composition, texture, structure and colour of both fresh and weather rocks.The ore mineral under microscope are commonly base metal sulphides pyrrhotite, Chalcopyrite, pentilandite occurring in variable proportions. Galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite and gold mineral are hosted in quartz vein. The base metal sulfides occur as disseminated, vein filling and replacement. Geochemical analyses result from inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) indicates the threshold of geochemical anomalies is directly related to the identification of mineralization information. From samples stream sediment samples and the soil samples indicated that the most promising mineralization occur in the prospect area are gold(Au), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). This is also supported by the abundance of chalcopyrite and sphalerite in some highly altered samples. The stream sediment geochemical survey data shows relatively higher values for zinc compared to Pb and Cu. The moderate concentration of the base metals in some of the samples indicates availability base metal mineralization in the study area requiring further investigation. In addition the sulphide concentrations in the research area are related to different stages of mineralization and are controlled both by structures and lithology. They are well established in the slate-phyllite and metavolcanics along the shear zones and faults as disseminated and vein filling. The rock and soil geochemistry shows significant concentration of gold with maximum value of 0.33ppm and 0.97 ppm in the south western part of the study area.
{"title":"Geochemical and Petrological Survey in Northern Ethiopia Basement Rocks for Investigation of Gold and Base Metal Mineralization in Finarwa Area and Its Surrounding Southeast Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Siraj Beyan Mohamed","doi":"10.54536/ajgt.v1i1.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajgt.v1i1.404","url":null,"abstract":"The study is accompanied in northern Ethiopian basement rocks, Finarwa area and its surrounding areas, south eastern Tigray. The objective of the study is to amendment field geology, mineralogy, and geochemical characteristics to deliberate about the gold and base metal mineral potential investigations. From the field observations the geology of the area haven been described and mapped based on mineral composition, texture, structure and colour of both fresh and weather rocks.The ore mineral under microscope are commonly base metal sulphides pyrrhotite, Chalcopyrite, pentilandite occurring in variable proportions. Galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite and gold mineral are hosted in quartz vein. The base metal sulfides occur as disseminated, vein filling and replacement. Geochemical analyses result from inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) indicates the threshold of geochemical anomalies is directly related to the identification of mineralization information. From samples stream sediment samples and the soil samples indicated that the most promising mineralization occur in the prospect area are gold(Au), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). This is also supported by the abundance of chalcopyrite and sphalerite in some highly altered samples. The stream sediment geochemical survey data shows relatively higher values for zinc compared to Pb and Cu. The moderate concentration of the base metals in some of the samples indicates availability base metal mineralization in the study area requiring further investigation. In addition the sulphide concentrations in the research area are related to different stages of mineralization and are controlled both by structures and lithology. They are well established in the slate-phyllite and metavolcanics along the shear zones and faults as disseminated and vein filling. The rock and soil geochemistry shows significant concentration of gold with maximum value of 0.33ppm and 0.97 ppm in the south western part of the study area.","PeriodicalId":410457,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Geospatial Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117033443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyzed the spatio-temporal growth of Kwali Area Council in Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria from 1998 to 2017. The study used Landsat Thematic (TM) of 1997, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) of 2007 and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) of 2017 all with a spatial resolution of 30 meters. Those data sets were accessed from United States Geological Survey (USGS) website Supervised Classification-Maximum Likelihood Algorithm was used to establish the land use-land cover situations for 1997, 2007 and 2017; subsequently the extent and rate of the urban growth of the study area between 1998 and 2017 were determined. The findings revealed that urban landuse covered 265.9 hectares in 1998, 304 hectares in 2007 and 1100.3 hectares in 2017. The urban landuse increased by 38.2 hectares from 1998-2007 which represent 14.3% growth in 9 years and corresponds with 4.24 hectares increase per year. The aforementioned growth rate was the lowest recorded in the period (1998-2017) of study as 2007-2017 showed that the urban landuse increased by 796.1 hectares which represent 261.8% growth in 10 years, this gives a corresponding growth rate of 79.61 hectares per year. The study recommends that there is the need for ecosystems restoration for areas that have suffered terrible degradation especially bare lands and local ingenuity, indigenous technology and know-how, and local community-centered efforts should be made and supported to restore the environment. That Government should as a matter of urgency embark on landuse /land cover mapping in the region in order to facilitate accurate base map production of Kwali Area Council as well as digitize and update all analogue maps of the area of study for effective planning for all physical developments. Land use is a term indicating the use to which a portion of land is put. Land is used for all of man‟s economic activities, and so the use of a portion of land determines the economic productivity of the land. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate and coordinate land use for optimum productivity and benefit of all people whose livelihood depends on the land.
本研究分析了1998 - 2017年尼日利亚阿布贾联邦首都直辖区夸里地区委员会的时空增长。研究使用了1997年Landsat Thematic (TM)、2007年Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)和2017年Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)，空间分辨率均为30米。利用监督分类-最大似然算法建立了1997年、2007年和2017年的土地利用-土地覆被情况;随后确定了1998年至2017年研究区域的城市增长程度和速度。研究结果显示，1998年城市土地利用面积为265.9公顷，2007年为304公顷，2017年为1100.3公顷。1998-2007年，城市土地利用面积增加38.2公顷，9年间增长14.3%，年均增长4.24公顷。上述增长率是研究期间(1998-2017年)的最低记录，因为2007-2017年显示，城市土地利用增加了796.1公顷，10年内增长了261.8%，相应的增长率为每年79.61公顷。该研究建议，有必要恢复遭受严重退化的地区的生态系统，特别是光秃秃的土地和当地的聪明才智、土著技术和专门知识，并应采取和支持以当地社区为中心的努力来恢复环境。该政府应作为紧急事项着手在该区域进行土地利用/土地覆盖测绘，以便利夸里地区委员会制作准确的底图，并将研究地区的所有模拟地图数字化和更新，以便有效规划所有实际发展。土地用途是指某一部分土地的用途。土地用于人类的一切经济活动，因此对一部分土地的利用决定了这片土地的经济生产力。因此，有必要规范和协调土地利用，以实现最佳生产力，并使所有依赖土地为生的人受益。
{"title":"Geospatial Analysis of the Spatio -Temporal Growth of Kwali Area Council, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja","authors":"Bello, Umar Faruk, B. Akpu","doi":"10.54536/ajgt.v1i1.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajgt.v1i1.359","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the spatio-temporal growth of Kwali Area Council in Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria from 1998 to 2017. The study used Landsat Thematic (TM) of 1997, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) of 2007 and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) of 2017 all with a spatial resolution of 30 meters. Those data sets were accessed from United States Geological Survey (USGS) website Supervised Classification-Maximum Likelihood Algorithm was used to establish the land use-land cover situations for 1997, 2007 and 2017; subsequently the extent and rate of the urban growth of the study area between 1998 and 2017 were determined. The findings revealed that urban landuse covered 265.9 hectares in 1998, 304 hectares in 2007 and 1100.3 hectares in 2017. The urban landuse increased by 38.2 hectares from 1998-2007 which represent 14.3% growth in 9 years and corresponds with 4.24 hectares increase per year. The aforementioned growth rate was the lowest recorded in the period (1998-2017) of study as 2007-2017 showed that the urban landuse increased by 796.1 hectares which represent 261.8% growth in 10 years, this gives a corresponding growth rate of 79.61 hectares per year. The study recommends that there is the need for ecosystems restoration for areas that have suffered terrible degradation especially bare lands and local ingenuity, indigenous technology and know-how, and local community-centered efforts should be made and supported to restore the environment. That Government should as a matter of urgency embark on landuse /land cover mapping in the region in order to facilitate accurate base map production of Kwali Area Council as well as digitize and update all analogue maps of the area of study for effective planning for all physical developments. Land use is a term indicating the use to which a portion of land is put. Land is used for all of man‟s economic activities, and so the use of a portion of land determines the economic productivity of the land. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate and coordinate land use for optimum productivity and benefit of all people whose livelihood depends on the land.","PeriodicalId":410457,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Geospatial Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129202807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abu Safiyan Yau, Yusuf Yakubu Yusuf, M. Yusuf, M. A. Ahmed Suleiman
This paper examined the spatial distribution of health care facilities in Dass local government area of Bauchi state using GIS tools. Data were obtained from primary and secondary sources: a GPS was used to collect the coordinates of each health care facility. Data from the Ministry of Health (Bauchi State) about the location, name and types of health care facilities in the study area included one general hospital; one model primary health centre, fourteen primary health centers, one clinic, one dispensary and one health post. Population data was obtained from the National Population Commission (NPC, 2006). GIS analysis was used in analyzing the data. The analysis of nearest neighbour was done by using the extension of Arc GIS 10.5 in the spatial analyst tool and average nearest neighbour. The result shows that there is less than 1% (0.01 level of significance) likelihood that the spatial pattern of the distribution of health care facilities in Dass Local Government Area is dispersed and this could be as a result of random chance. This might be as the result of the fewer number of health facilities. The research recommends that government should locate health care services close to the people as possible as distance was found to influence utilization.
{"title":"Geospatial Distribution of Health Centers in Dass Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Using Geographic Information System (GIS) Tools","authors":"Abu Safiyan Yau, Yusuf Yakubu Yusuf, M. Yusuf, M. A. Ahmed Suleiman","doi":"10.54536/ajgt.v1i1.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajgt.v1i1.272","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examined the spatial distribution of health care facilities in Dass local government area of Bauchi state using GIS tools. Data were obtained from primary and secondary sources: a GPS was used to collect the coordinates of each health care facility. Data from the Ministry of Health (Bauchi State) about the location, name and types of health care facilities in the study area included one general hospital; one model primary health centre, fourteen primary health centers, one clinic, one dispensary and one health post. Population data was obtained from the National Population Commission (NPC, 2006). GIS analysis was used in analyzing the data. The analysis of nearest neighbour was done by using the extension of Arc GIS 10.5 in the spatial analyst tool and average nearest neighbour. The result shows that there is less than 1% (0.01 level of significance) likelihood that the spatial pattern of the distribution of health care facilities in Dass Local Government Area is dispersed and this could be as a result of random chance. This might be as the result of the fewer number of health facilities. The research recommends that government should locate health care services close to the people as possible as distance was found to influence utilization.","PeriodicalId":410457,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Geospatial Technology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129686811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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