Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.17323/2713-2749.2021.1.17.41
Ronny Hauck
For several years, almost everyone has been talking about blockchain. The underlying distributed ledger technology has become (in)famous as the technology behind cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ether. But what about blockchain and intellectual property like patents and copyright? Could this technology be used for the protection and enforcement of such rights? Which role can smart contracts play in this regard? This article focuses on questions concerning the requirements for provingthe protection of technical inventions as well as on the administration and exploitation of intellectual property rights. The latter could play an important rolefor intellectual property, which has not been registered or is not subject to registration, such as copyright. For trade secrets, a blockchain could be a useful tool for providing appropriate confidentiality measures. Last but not least, smart contracts in particular could be involved in connection with the transfer and, even more importantly, the licensing of intellectual property and mainly of software.
{"title":"Blockchain, Smart Contracts and Intellectual Property. Using distributed ledger technology to protect, license and enforce intellectual property rights","authors":"Ronny Hauck","doi":"10.17323/2713-2749.2021.1.17.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2021.1.17.41","url":null,"abstract":"For several years, almost everyone has been talking about blockchain. The underlying distributed ledger technology has become (in)famous as the technology behind cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ether. But what about blockchain and intellectual property like patents and copyright? Could this technology be used for the protection and enforcement of such rights? Which role can smart contracts play in this regard? This article focuses on questions concerning the requirements for provingthe protection of technical inventions as well as on the administration and exploitation of intellectual property rights. The latter could play an important rolefor intellectual property, which has not been registered or is not subject to registration, such as copyright. For trade secrets, a blockchain could be a useful tool for providing appropriate confidentiality measures. Last but not least, smart contracts in particular could be involved in connection with the transfer and, even more importantly, the licensing of intellectual property and mainly of software.","PeriodicalId":410740,"journal":{"name":"Legal Issues in the Digital Age","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124612309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.17323/2713-2749.2021.1.160.168
Anzhelika N. Izotova
Analysis of ways of limiting secrecy of correspondence in Russian judicial practice
俄罗斯司法实践中限制通信保密的途径分析
{"title":"The Right to Access to Privacy of Correspondence and Russian Judicial Practice","authors":"Anzhelika N. Izotova","doi":"10.17323/2713-2749.2021.1.160.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2021.1.160.168","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of ways of limiting secrecy of correspondence in Russian judicial practice","PeriodicalId":410740,"journal":{"name":"Legal Issues in the Digital Age","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121277654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.17323/2713-2749.2021.1.65.99
A. Gabov
The article is devoted to key issues in the development of legal regulation of electronic forms of interaction between participants in corporate relations in Russia. The author consistently examines the development of legislation and the practice of its application since the mid-1990 s. until now. The impact of the emergency legislation created to counter the spread of coronavirus infection in 2020 is separately considered. The author analyzes in detail the materials of the Bank of Russia, various political attitudes. For the first time in special literature, the correlation of the development of electronic forms of interaction in private and public relations is shown. The main current legislative initiatives are considered. The purpose of the study is to formulate the main directions of the development of legal regulation, based on the analysis of the experience of the development of legislation, including regulating public relations. To implement this, the first part of the study (introduction) shows the traditional approach to corporate actions, evaluates its pros and cons; then the second part of the study shows the first attempts in the 2000 s. include elements of electronic interaction in regulations; then (in the third part) a radical change in the legislator’s approaches to regulation in 2010 is shown, estimates are given of the state of regulation for the period from late 2019 to early 2020 (before the start of the coronavirus pandemic); in the fourth part of the assessment of current draft laws, as well as the author’s proposals in terms of directions of regulation are formulated. Based on the results of the work done, the main conclusion was made about the need to expand the use of electronic forms of interaction for all legal entities, as well as the correlation of private law and public law regulation.
{"title":"Electronic interaction and digital technologies in corporate governance of a joint stock company in Russia","authors":"A. Gabov","doi":"10.17323/2713-2749.2021.1.65.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2021.1.65.99","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to key issues in the development of legal regulation of electronic forms of interaction between participants in corporate relations in Russia. The author consistently examines the development of legislation and the practice of its application since the mid-1990 s. until now. The impact of the emergency legislation created to counter the spread of coronavirus infection in 2020 is separately considered. The author analyzes in detail the materials of the Bank of Russia, various political attitudes. For the first time in special literature, the correlation of the development of electronic forms of interaction in private and public relations is shown. The main current legislative initiatives are considered. The purpose of the study is to formulate the main directions of the development of legal regulation, based on the analysis of the experience of the development of legislation, including regulating public relations. To implement this, the first part of the study (introduction) shows the traditional approach to corporate actions, evaluates its pros and cons; then the second part of the study shows the first attempts in the 2000 s. include elements of electronic interaction in regulations; then (in the third part) a radical change in the legislator’s approaches to regulation in 2010 is shown, estimates are given of the state of regulation for the period from late 2019 to early 2020 (before the start of the coronavirus pandemic); in the fourth part of the assessment of current draft laws, as well as the author’s proposals in terms of directions of regulation are formulated. Based on the results of the work done, the main conclusion was made about the need to expand the use of electronic forms of interaction for all legal entities, as well as the correlation of private law and public law regulation.","PeriodicalId":410740,"journal":{"name":"Legal Issues in the Digital Age","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130670264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-17DOI: 10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.140.147
L. Tereschenko
The article examines relations new to Russian practice regarding the introduction of the concept of “fake news” into the legal field, dissemination of fake news and the problems of legal enforcement of the indicated norms, including administrative and criminal liability.
{"title":"Fake News: Legislation and Judicial Practice","authors":"L. Tereschenko","doi":"10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.140.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.140.147","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines relations new to Russian practice regarding the introduction of the concept of “fake news” into the legal field, dissemination of fake news and the problems of legal enforcement of the indicated norms, including administrative and criminal liability.","PeriodicalId":410740,"journal":{"name":"Legal Issues in the Digital Age","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115121360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-17DOI: 10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.3.34
Stefano Dorigo, E. M. Lombardi, Erik Longo
We are experiencing a digital revolution that is changing the very nature of law. Digital code becomes a form of regulation through which private actors link their values to technological artifacts that prove capable of conditioning their operations both on a material and moral level. But technological artifacts appear to be non-neutral means, reflecting choices of different nature, among which those of a political nature stand out. The more the regulatory provisions are implemented through the use of technologies, the more the codes acquire the status of a regulatory technique, which can be used both to define and incorporate regulatory and contractual provisions into codes both to implement them. The impact of the algorithm is of crystal clear relevance not only in regulation but also in the other side of the coin: surveillance. Each new option brought by the development of technology brings new possibilitiesand changes the way humans relate to each other. All these beautiful technological devices that few of us are willing to abandon produce a positive enhancement of the human and new kind of addiction, but also a new slavery”. The algorithmic revolution spills over to society andpublic systems designed to ensure its well-being. So, fiscal consequences of the algorithmic revolution risk, if not governed, to call into question the very foundation of the social pact, to which the fiscal duty is connected as a manifestation of solidarity within an organized community, not only within the borders of the individual State but also in a wider sphere. Legal scholars can face the newest challenges of the present without fear and without nostalgia.But to this purpose he must remove all obstacles to the necessary dialogue between jurists of different backgrounds, between jurists and non-jurists, between jurists and society.
{"title":"The Phenomenon of the Algorithm and Its Impact on the EU Legal System: an Attempt at a Multidisciplinary Approach","authors":"Stefano Dorigo, E. M. Lombardi, Erik Longo","doi":"10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.3.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.3.34","url":null,"abstract":"We are experiencing a digital revolution that is changing the very nature of law. Digital code becomes a form of regulation through which private actors link their values to technological artifacts that prove capable of conditioning their operations both on a material and moral level. But technological artifacts appear to be non-neutral means, reflecting choices of different nature, among which those of a political nature stand out. The more the regulatory provisions are implemented through the use of technologies, the more the codes acquire the status of a regulatory technique, which can be used both to define and incorporate regulatory and contractual provisions into codes both to implement them. The impact of the algorithm is of crystal clear relevance not only in regulation but also in the other side of the coin: surveillance. Each new option brought by the development of technology brings new possibilitiesand changes the way humans relate to each other. All these beautiful technological devices that few of us are willing to abandon produce a positive enhancement of the human and new kind of addiction, but also a new slavery”. The algorithmic revolution spills over to society andpublic systems designed to ensure its well-being. So, fiscal consequences of the algorithmic revolution risk, if not governed, to call into question the very foundation of the social pact, to which the fiscal duty is connected as a manifestation of solidarity within an organized community, not only within the borders of the individual State but also in a wider sphere. Legal scholars can face the newest challenges of the present without fear and without nostalgia.But to this purpose he must remove all obstacles to the necessary dialogue between jurists of different backgrounds, between jurists and non-jurists, between jurists and society.","PeriodicalId":410740,"journal":{"name":"Legal Issues in the Digital Age","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127770326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-17DOI: 10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.125.139
E. Ostanina
While the Internet promotes widespread communication, this communication is often anonymous. How to draw the line between freedom of speech and privacy? The specifics of protecting privacy and business reputation against violation by rating sites are discussed in this article. Do the activities of rating sites need special legal regulation? The author believes that the general rules on privacy and freedom of speech are sufficient for regulating these new relations. The respective court practice of Germany, the UK and the USA is analysed. The tentative conclusion is that rating sites do not contradict the law if they do not disseminate information about the private lives of people or encourage rude and scornful assessments. The problem of using personal data is examined. The author holds the view that the activities of rating sites can be beneficial for society and therefore should not be banned entirely. However, site owners should be allowed to use personal data only upon the consent of the owners of the latter.
{"title":"Internet Freedom of Speech and Privacy Protection: Is There a Contradiction? (A Study of Rating Sites)","authors":"E. Ostanina","doi":"10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.125.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.125.139","url":null,"abstract":"While the Internet promotes widespread communication, this communication is often anonymous. How to draw the line between freedom of speech and privacy? The specifics of protecting privacy and business reputation against violation by rating sites are discussed in this article. Do the activities of rating sites need special legal regulation? The author believes that the general rules on privacy and freedom of speech are sufficient for regulating these new relations. The respective court practice of Germany, the UK and the USA is analysed. The tentative conclusion is that rating sites do not contradict the law if they do not disseminate information about the private lives of people or encourage rude and scornful assessments. The problem of using personal data is examined. The author holds the view that the activities of rating sites can be beneficial for society and therefore should not be banned entirely. However, site owners should be allowed to use personal data only upon the consent of the owners of the latter.","PeriodicalId":410740,"journal":{"name":"Legal Issues in the Digital Age","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126361112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-17DOI: 10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.35.58
Maria A. Agranovskaya, David E. Kitsmarishvili
{"title":"2020 Post-Crisis Development and 2021 Trends in Russia and Europe: Fintech and Digital Assets Regulation","authors":"Maria A. Agranovskaya, David E. Kitsmarishvili","doi":"10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.35.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.35.58","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":410740,"journal":{"name":"Legal Issues in the Digital Age","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132847434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-17DOI: 10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.78.96
Puneet Gawali, Reeta Sony
The increasing cyber-attacks have created havoc in the criminal justice system. Understanding the purpose of crime and countering it is the crucial task for the law enforcement agencies. This research aims to present how Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning along with Predictive Analysis using soft evidence can be used in sorting out the existing criminal record while making the use of metadata, and therefore predicting crime. Furthermore, it would surely help out the police and intelligence bodies to smartly investigate the cases by referring to the database and thus help the society in curbing the crime by quicker and more effective investigation processes. It would also assist the analyst in tracking the activities and associations of various criminal elements through their recent activities, by extracting the particular details from the documents or records. Prediction of the crime can be understood through this research. The present study reflects the accuracy level of threat from 28 states of India. By researching on this topic, it becomes evident that if proper data is fed to this model, the chances of prediction are higher and more accurate. The study also tried to find out the psychosocial perspectives of the crime and what would be the reason of individual indulges in such crime. Abstract The emergence of the social media and its virtual communication space has enabled people at large to interact and communicate from the conventional mode of one-to-one to many-to-many. It exploded onto the technology in the last decades for commercial and entertainment purpose and rapidly it had become very much prevalent globally. Initiated as a friend-finder it went on to the extend encompassing every features of media where the users had a domi-nant role. When mass media and digital media was through certain modes, social media not only changed the mode but the creators and audience. From passive news listeners, it became active creators and sharers of contents in the form of information. With the enablement of technology, anybody with an internet access and own opinion can be part of social media. Under the guise of user-generated content, be it in sharing of news or opinion or images or videos and now even the live video promoting political, social, cultural aspects, social media do not hold any accountability because only users are producing contents. Also, being an intermediary, it is free from any liability for the user generated data under Indian Information Technology Act, 2008 and the existing global consensus under safe harbour doctrine. The law in this area is still relatively unsettled. The misuse of social media got reported with various incidents of such as impersonation, anonymity, profile account hacking, privacy threats, sexual or aggressive solicitation, cyber-bullying, and many such related serious issues. However, in all these matters, social media was provided with a benefit for its passive involve-ment of choosing the use
{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Improving Criminal Justice System: Indian Perspective","authors":"Puneet Gawali, Reeta Sony","doi":"10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.78.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2020.3.78.96","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing cyber-attacks have created havoc in the criminal justice system. Understanding the purpose of crime and countering it is the crucial task for the law enforcement agencies. This research aims to present how Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning along with Predictive Analysis using soft evidence can be used in sorting out the existing criminal record while making the use of metadata, and therefore predicting crime. Furthermore, it would surely help out the police and intelligence bodies to smartly investigate the cases by referring to the database and thus help the society in curbing the crime by quicker and more effective investigation processes. It would also assist the analyst in tracking the activities and associations of various criminal elements through their recent activities, by extracting the particular details from the documents or records. Prediction of the crime can be understood through this research. The present study reflects the accuracy level of threat from 28 states of India. By researching on this topic, it becomes evident that if proper data is fed to this model, the chances of prediction are higher and more accurate. The study also tried to find out the psychosocial perspectives of the crime and what would be the reason of individual indulges in such crime. Abstract The emergence of the social media and its virtual communication space has enabled people at large to interact and communicate from the conventional mode of one-to-one to many-to-many. It exploded onto the technology in the last decades for commercial and entertainment purpose and rapidly it had become very much prevalent globally. Initiated as a friend-finder it went on to the extend encompassing every features of media where the users had a domi-nant role. When mass media and digital media was through certain modes, social media not only changed the mode but the creators and audience. From passive news listeners, it became active creators and sharers of contents in the form of information. With the enablement of technology, anybody with an internet access and own opinion can be part of social media. Under the guise of user-generated content, be it in sharing of news or opinion or images or videos and now even the live video promoting political, social, cultural aspects, social media do not hold any accountability because only users are producing contents. Also, being an intermediary, it is free from any liability for the user generated data under Indian Information Technology Act, 2008 and the existing global consensus under safe harbour doctrine. The law in this area is still relatively unsettled. The misuse of social media got reported with various incidents of such as impersonation, anonymity, profile account hacking, privacy threats, sexual or aggressive solicitation, cyber-bullying, and many such related serious issues. However, in all these matters, social media was provided with a benefit for its passive involve-ment of choosing the use","PeriodicalId":410740,"journal":{"name":"Legal Issues in the Digital Age","volume":"44 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129777708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-04DOI: 10.17323/2713-2749.2020.2.24.62
A. Savelyev
The paper focuses on civil law remedies for violations of data subjects’ rights: claims for damages and claims for compensation of moral harm. Based on an analysis of academic literature, as well as of Russian and international case law, it is argued that, although these remedies are endorsed by the GDPR and other laws, they are inadequate and do not con-form to the requirements for an “effective remedy” stipulated by major international legal documents on human rights. The main reasons are: 1) difficulties in proving the fact and the amount of a legally recognized category of damage because the typical consequences of data privacy violations (e.g. the chilling effect caused by dataveillance, negative emotional reactions, etc.) are not considered legally significant by the courts; 2) inability to prove with a substantial degree of certainty a causal link between the violation and the damage incurred because such damage occurs remotely and within complex flows of data. This produces an imbalance in the enforcement of data protection laws so that public law remedies such as administrative fines predominate. This approach is not compatible with the goals of empowering the individual and ensuring control over usage of one’s data because there cannot be effective control without an effective remedy to enforce it. In practice this leads to under enforcement of data protection laws because under-resourced data protection authorities cannot address most of the violations that pertain to data protection. A new type of remedy that would resemble the statutory damages applicable to copyright infringement in some jurisdictions should be introduced. Its punitive and decentralized nature would become an additional incentive for data controllers to invest in compliance with data protection laws. From a long-term perspective, it may facilitate including individuals in management of their personal data, without which it would be impossible to effectively address the risks brought about by massive and ubiquitous data processing and algorithmic decision-making.
{"title":"The Inadequacy of Current Remedies for Violation of Data Subjects’ Rights and How to Fix it","authors":"A. Savelyev","doi":"10.17323/2713-2749.2020.2.24.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2713-2749.2020.2.24.62","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on civil law remedies for violations of data subjects’ rights: claims for damages and claims for compensation of moral harm. Based on an analysis of academic literature, as well as of Russian and international case law, it is argued that, although these remedies are endorsed by the GDPR and other laws, they are inadequate and do not con-form to the requirements for an “effective remedy” stipulated by major international legal documents on human rights. The main reasons are: 1) difficulties in proving the fact and the amount of a legally recognized category of damage because the typical consequences of data privacy violations (e.g. the chilling effect caused by dataveillance, negative emotional reactions, etc.) are not considered legally significant by the courts; 2) inability to prove with a substantial degree of certainty a causal link between the violation and the damage incurred because such damage occurs remotely and within complex flows of data. This produces an imbalance in the enforcement of data protection laws so that public law remedies such as administrative fines predominate. This approach is not compatible with the goals of empowering the individual and ensuring control over usage of one’s data because there cannot be effective control without an effective remedy to enforce it. In practice this leads to under enforcement of data protection laws because under-resourced data protection authorities cannot address most of the violations that pertain to data protection. A new type of remedy that would resemble the statutory damages applicable to copyright infringement in some jurisdictions should be introduced. Its punitive and decentralized nature would become an additional incentive for data controllers to invest in compliance with data protection laws. From a long-term perspective, it may facilitate including individuals in management of their personal data, without which it would be impossible to effectively address the risks brought about by massive and ubiquitous data processing and algorithmic decision-making.","PeriodicalId":410740,"journal":{"name":"Legal Issues in the Digital Age","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133493732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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