The present paper aims to examine the particularities of the construction of speeches specific to UN general assemblies. In the analysis of the speeches delivered during the 67th session of the UN General Assembly by the Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Spain, the macro and microstructural elements, the ways of building the discursive ethos, of adequacy will be observed of the discourse to the addressee (starting from the pro-addressee, para-addressee and counter-addressee triad), but also the impact of the discursive moment generated by the Syrian crisis on the organization of the texts.
{"title":"Construcția discursului diplomatic din cadrul Organizației Națiunilor unite. A 67-a sesiune a Adunării Generale ONU","authors":"MARIA-CORINA POPA","doi":"10.59277/scl.2023.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59277/scl.2023.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper aims to examine the particularities of the construction of speeches specific to UN general assemblies. In the analysis of the speeches delivered during the 67th session of the UN General Assembly by the Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Spain, the macro and microstructural elements, the ways of building the discursive ethos, of adequacy will be observed of the discourse to the addressee (starting from the pro-addressee, para-addressee and counter-addressee triad), but also the impact of the discursive moment generated by the Syrian crisis on the organization of the texts.","PeriodicalId":410790,"journal":{"name":"Studii și cercetări lingvistice","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134918211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study we have started from an overview of the composition with semidependent elements problem, the confusion that can be made between the composition with composing elements and derivation, or between composing elements and suffixes or prefixes. We also showed that the number of composing elements is very high, potentially all the words of ancient languages, Greek and Latin, from which they are borrowed. The indirect etymology, i.e. the word originating in ancient languages and its meaning, is very important for understanding the meaning of the compound word. The following chapter provides an overview of the elements of composition classification. They can be prime, final or median. They can originate in ancient languages or can be formed by using Romanian independent words. The trends observed are to transform the composing elements commonly used into standalone ones or, on the contrary, they are to turn independent words into composing elements. Fashionable composing elements form extremely large word families, compared to the word families formed by derivation. To study the tendencies in the language, what is required is the observation of trends in habits and attitudes; we described the computerization and the return to nature, which are in equilibrium. Romanian was a predominant derivative language, but it is probable that, that under the influence of English, composition as a means of enriching the Romanian vocabulary will increase and the two processes will become equal in importance.
{"title":"Dinamica elementelor de compunere în limba română actuală","authors":"CĂTĂLINA MĂRĂNDUC","doi":"10.59277/scl.2023.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59277/scl.2023.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we have started from an overview of the composition with semidependent elements problem, the confusion that can be made between the composition with composing elements and derivation, or between composing elements and suffixes or prefixes. We also showed that the number of composing elements is very high, potentially all the words of ancient languages, Greek and Latin, from which they are borrowed. The indirect etymology, i.e. the word originating in ancient languages and its meaning, is very important for understanding the meaning of the compound word. The following chapter provides an overview of the elements of composition classification. They can be prime, final or median. They can originate in ancient languages or can be formed by using Romanian independent words. The trends observed are to transform the composing elements commonly used into standalone ones or, on the contrary, they are to turn independent words into composing elements. Fashionable composing elements form extremely large word families, compared to the word families formed by derivation. To study the tendencies in the language, what is required is the observation of trends in habits and attitudes; we described the computerization and the return to nature, which are in equilibrium. Romanian was a predominant derivative language, but it is probable that, that under the influence of English, composition as a means of enriching the Romanian vocabulary will increase and the two processes will become equal in importance.","PeriodicalId":410790,"journal":{"name":"Studii și cercetări lingvistice","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134963477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SIMONA GEORGESCU, ALINA MARIA CRISTEA, ANCA DINU, LIVIU DINU, BOGDAN IORDACHE, ANA SABINA UBAN, LAURENȚIU ZOICAȘ
Within the framework of the CoToHiLi project (Computational Tools for Historical Linguistics), set up with the aim of providing computational tools for the research of linguistic change, we created a database containing the cognate chains from the main Romance languages. Starting from this database, we conducted experiments that test the machine’s ability to automatically detect cognate sets in any pair of Romance languages. We also explored the possibility of distinguishing semi-automatically between inherited and borrowed words in the Romance languages. The article describes the challenges of each experiment, the application of digital methods, as well as the importance of integrating linguistic data. We also propose an interpretation of the results.
{"title":"Recursos digitales para el análisis del léxico de origen latino en las lenguas románicas","authors":"SIMONA GEORGESCU, ALINA MARIA CRISTEA, ANCA DINU, LIVIU DINU, BOGDAN IORDACHE, ANA SABINA UBAN, LAURENȚIU ZOICAȘ","doi":"10.59277/scl.2023.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59277/scl.2023.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Within the framework of the CoToHiLi project (Computational Tools for Historical Linguistics), set up with the aim of providing computational tools for the research of linguistic change, we created a database containing the cognate chains from the main Romance languages. Starting from this database, we conducted experiments that test the machine’s ability to automatically detect cognate sets in any pair of Romance languages. We also explored the possibility of distinguishing semi-automatically between inherited and borrowed words in the Romance languages. The article describes the challenges of each experiment, the application of digital methods, as well as the importance of integrating linguistic data. We also propose an interpretation of the results.","PeriodicalId":410790,"journal":{"name":"Studii și cercetări lingvistice","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134918213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author analyzes the morphological features of the popular novel Barlaam Josaphat. The novel was translated by Udriște Năsturel from Slavonic into Romanian in 1648. The examples were extracted from the oldest copy of this writing, which is found in the bilingual Romanian-Slavonic manuscript 588 at the Romanian Academy Library in Bucharest. Less common linguistic phenomena are compared with another manuscript version of the novel, found in ms. rom. 3339. While in the case of syntax or lexicon, the text often reflects the influence of the original Slavonic language it was translated from, at this level of analysis, fewer language facts can be attributed to a foreign influence. Among these are some verbal and adverbial expressions modeled after Slavonic patterns. Most of these did not survive in the language. At the level of reflexive pronouns, some unusual constructions can be explained by the innovative tendencies of Udriște Năsturel, who wanted to differentiate written language from spoken language.
作者分析了通俗小说《巴拉姆·约瑟法特》的词形特征。这部小说于1648年由Udriște n sturel从斯拉夫语翻译成罗马尼亚语。这些例子是从布加勒斯特罗马尼亚学院图书馆中发现的最古老的罗马尼亚斯拉夫双语手稿588中提取的。与在ms. rom. 3339中发现的小说的另一个手稿版本相比，不太常见的语言现象。虽然在语法或词汇方面，文本往往反映了原斯拉夫语的影响，但在这种分析水平上，可以归因于外国影响的语言事实较少。其中包括一些模仿斯拉夫语模式的动词和状语表达。其中大多数都没有在语言中保存下来。在反身代词层面，一些不寻常的结构可以用Udriște n sturel的创新倾向来解释，他想区分书面语和口语。
{"title":"Particularități morfologice ale romanului popular Varlaam și Ioasaf","authors":"MARIA STANCIU ISTRATE","doi":"10.59277/scl.2023.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59277/scl.2023.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"The author analyzes the morphological features of the popular novel Barlaam Josaphat. The novel was translated by Udriște Năsturel from Slavonic into Romanian in 1648. The examples were extracted from the oldest copy of this writing, which is found in the bilingual Romanian-Slavonic manuscript 588 at the Romanian Academy Library in Bucharest. Less common linguistic phenomena are compared with another manuscript version of the novel, found in ms. rom. 3339. While in the case of syntax or lexicon, the text often reflects the influence of the original Slavonic language it was translated from, at this level of analysis, fewer language facts can be attributed to a foreign influence. Among these are some verbal and adverbial expressions modeled after Slavonic patterns. Most of these did not survive in the language. At the level of reflexive pronouns, some unusual constructions can be explained by the innovative tendencies of Udriște Năsturel, who wanted to differentiate written language from spoken language.","PeriodicalId":410790,"journal":{"name":"Studii și cercetări lingvistice","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134963269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solomon Marcus’ final article “Hidden signs” (2016) is no coherent story but gives the sketchy outlines of his lecture notes. Marcus call needs a further explanation to his intellectual background. Marcus advanced mathematical poetics interacting between the “natural” form of literature and the “artificial” scientific fields, to be epitomized by mathematical or statistical rules. Literature and the sciences share the use of linguistic signs and symbols, but French structuralism refused to recognize the transdisciplinary relations of literature with sciences. Thus Marcus’ mathematical poetics can be set against Barthes’ negative contention by agreeing and disagreeing with the “subversive” structuralists (Lévy-Strauss and Calvino). By positioning the idea of mythical and playful interactions of science with literary phenomena, Marcus positioned this tentative hypothesis to accept the revolutionary understanding of his thoughts. The grounds of Marcus’ debate accept the understanding of his revolutionary thoughts, but the postcritical response advances the intellectual conditions and political implications of Marcus’ scholarship, which caused him to abandon the method of structuralism and embark on the semiotic expansion of the dynamism of Peirce and Derrida.
{"title":"Hidden Signs? Postcritique to Solomon Marcus’s Final Article","authors":"DINDA GORLÉE","doi":"10.59277/scl.2023.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59277/scl.2023.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Solomon Marcus’ final article “Hidden signs” (2016) is no coherent story but gives the sketchy outlines of his lecture notes. Marcus call needs a further explanation to his intellectual background. Marcus advanced mathematical poetics interacting between the “natural” form of literature and the “artificial” scientific fields, to be epitomized by mathematical or statistical rules. Literature and the sciences share the use of linguistic signs and symbols, but French structuralism refused to recognize the transdisciplinary relations of literature with sciences. Thus Marcus’ mathematical poetics can be set against Barthes’ negative contention by agreeing and disagreeing with the “subversive” structuralists (Lévy-Strauss and Calvino). By positioning the idea of mythical and playful interactions of science with literary phenomena, Marcus positioned this tentative hypothesis to accept the revolutionary understanding of his thoughts. The grounds of Marcus’ debate accept the understanding of his revolutionary thoughts, but the postcritical response advances the intellectual conditions and political implications of Marcus’ scholarship, which caused him to abandon the method of structuralism and embark on the semiotic expansion of the dynamism of Peirce and Derrida.","PeriodicalId":410790,"journal":{"name":"Studii și cercetări lingvistice","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134963888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The three main academic dictionaries of Romanian, DA-DLR, DEX and DELR, record a number of words coined by lexical blending, a process defined in Romanian linguistics as the fusion of two words that have a semantic affinity (usually synonyms or near-synonyms). Relying on the general criteria for any etymological research, i.e., the formal criterion, semantic congruity, circulation of words, etc., as well as on the specific features of lexical blending, we suggest other etymological solutions for 38 words registered as lexical blends.
{"title":"Cuvinte obținute prin contaminare conform dicționarelor academice: câteva propuneri etimologice","authors":"MONICA VASILEANU, CRISTIAN MOROIANU, CRISTINA-ANDREEA RADU-BEJENARU","doi":"10.59277/scl.2023.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59277/scl.2023.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The three main academic dictionaries of Romanian, DA-DLR, DEX and DELR, record a number of words coined by lexical blending, a process defined in Romanian linguistics as the fusion of two words that have a semantic affinity (usually synonyms or near-synonyms). Relying on the general criteria for any etymological research, i.e., the formal criterion, semantic congruity, circulation of words, etc., as well as on the specific features of lexical blending, we suggest other etymological solutions for 38 words registered as lexical blends.","PeriodicalId":410790,"journal":{"name":"Studii și cercetări lingvistice","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134963861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"This paper analyses three of Eugen Ionescu’s plays, namely The Bald Soprano, The Lesson, and The Chairs, by employing methodology specific to pragma linguistics and literary theory. In the aforementioned plays, the characters behave like puppets, and are devoid of inner life. Their communication turns into gibberish that fails to convey additional information, while the characters cling to words as if they were lifebelts saving them from drowning in nothingness. The study follows the characters’ inability to have communicative competence: the speakers are mere operators of language, which they “bend” on the level of the signified and signifier alike."
{"title":"\"Dialogul dramatic sau despre abolirea comunicării în teatrul lui Eugen Ionescu\"","authors":"Daiana Felecan","doi":"10.59277/scl.2022.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59277/scl.2022.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"\"This paper analyses three of Eugen Ionescu’s plays, namely The Bald Soprano, The Lesson, and The Chairs, by employing methodology specific to pragma linguistics and literary theory. In the aforementioned plays, the characters behave like puppets, and are devoid of inner life. Their communication turns into gibberish that fails to convey additional information, while the characters cling to words as if they were lifebelts saving them from drowning in nothingness. The study follows the characters’ inability to have communicative competence: the speakers are mere operators of language, which they “bend” on the level of the signified and signifier alike.\"","PeriodicalId":410790,"journal":{"name":"Studii și cercetări lingvistice","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132452853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"In the texts written on traffic and street signs in contemporary Romanian public space, one can find numerous errors and deviations from the current language norms. Even websites testify to the language users' indifference towards the rules of the Romanian language and their disregard for its orthography. This study records street names containing anthroponyms and shows which are the most frequent irregularities in relation to the existing language norms."
{"title":"Normare academică în hodonimia românească","authors":"Oliviu Felecan","doi":"10.59277/scl.2022.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59277/scl.2022.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"\"In the texts written on traffic and street signs in contemporary Romanian public space, one can find numerous errors and deviations from the current language norms. Even websites testify to the language users' indifference towards the rules of the Romanian language and their disregard for its orthography. This study records street names containing anthroponyms and shows which are the most frequent irregularities in relation to the existing language norms.\"","PeriodicalId":410790,"journal":{"name":"Studii și cercetări lingvistice","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127114190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Dans la première note, l’auteur apporte de nouvelles informationes qui permettent d’établir exactement le nom du copiste (Ionașco), son origine ukrainienne et, en même temps, la localité ou a été ecrit le Manuscrit Marțian (le village Bălan du district Sălaj). Dans la deuxièmme note, l’auteur examine Le mot de Flavian, le brigand, un récit qui suit un thème assez conu dans la littérature roumaine ancienne : la rédemption du brigand."
{"title":"Două note despre un vechi copist sălăjean","authors":"Alexandru Mareș","doi":"10.59277/scl.2022.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59277/scl.2022.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"\"Dans la première note, l’auteur apporte de nouvelles informationes qui permettent d’établir exactement le nom du copiste (Ionașco), son origine ukrainienne et, en même temps, la localité ou a été ecrit le Manuscrit Marțian (le village Bălan du district Sălaj). Dans la deuxièmme note, l’auteur examine Le mot de Flavian, le brigand, un récit qui suit un thème assez conu dans la littérature roumaine ancienne : la rédemption du brigand.\"","PeriodicalId":410790,"journal":{"name":"Studii și cercetări lingvistice","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131883583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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