The purpose of this article is to extract from the COVID-19 pandemic a lesson for geographers: although without intending (or being possible) to simply go back to the past, it is necessary to re-value, nevertheless, the very quintessence of the identity of the geographical discourse, which has been characterised by a way of building epistemic objects that is committed to a dialogue between social research (represented by what we usually call‘human geography’) and natural research (represented by what we usually call ‘physical geography’). This project, presently called ‘environmentalisation,’ does not aim at anything overly ambitious: there is no case here for an exclusionary thesis in the style ‘geography should be this, and nothing else’; in fact, it just defends the idea that an approach such as that of environmental geography, resulting from an attempt at ‘environmentalisation,’ must have its place assured. Environmental geography, being committed to the construction of hybrid epistemic objects, allows us to mobilise the interfaces and knowledge necessary to deal with complex tasks such as the analysis of the short and long-term effects of the pandemic (among many other issues). However, the environmental geography project not only has to deal with intellectual challenges (integrating what knowledge, how and for what purpose?), but, in the end, it must also face political obstacles: the concrete power relations in the academic world and the zeal with which ‘borders’ and ‘territories’ are patrolled and defended, not to mention the resistance of many researchers to leave their thematic and theoretical-methodological comfort zones.
{"title":"THE PANDEMIC AND THE ‘ENVIRONMENTALISATION’ OF GEOGRAPHY. AN EPISTEMIC-POLITICAL CHALLENGE","authors":"M. L. D. Souza","doi":"10.7147/geo.v1i31.31454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.31454","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to extract from the COVID-19 pandemic a lesson for geographers: although without intending (or being possible) to simply go back to the past, it is necessary to re-value, nevertheless, the very quintessence of the identity of the geographical discourse, which has been characterised by a way of building epistemic objects that is committed to a dialogue between social research (represented by what we usually call‘human geography’) and natural research (represented by what we usually call ‘physical geography’). This project, presently called ‘environmentalisation,’ does not aim at anything overly ambitious: there is no case here for an exclusionary thesis in the style ‘geography should be this, and nothing else’; in fact, it just defends the idea that an approach such as that of environmental geography, resulting from an attempt at ‘environmentalisation,’ must have its place assured. Environmental geography, being committed to the construction of hybrid epistemic objects, allows us to mobilise the interfaces and knowledge necessary to deal with complex tasks such as the analysis of the short and long-term effects of the pandemic (among many other issues). However, the environmental geography project not only has to deal with intellectual challenges (integrating what knowledge, how and for what purpose?), but, in the end, it must also face political obstacles: the concrete power relations in the academic world and the zeal with which ‘borders’ and ‘territories’ are patrolled and defended, not to mention the resistance of many researchers to leave their thematic and theoretical-methodological comfort zones.","PeriodicalId":41119,"journal":{"name":"Geografares","volume":"56 1","pages":"65-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86460833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary sector, mainly coffee production, has emphasis in the economy of Nepomuceno, which has approximately 27 thousand inhabitants and is located in Sul de Minas planning region. Thus, the objective of the article was to analyze the Nepomuceno’s agricultural production between 1995 and 2017. Document analysis, bibliographic research and fieldwork were the methodological procedures adopted in the study. In the analyzed period, coffee production continued as the predominant agricultural activity in the municipality. Furthermore, there was a great decrease in rice cultivation and soybean culture growth in Nepomuceno. In general, agricultural productivity was increased in the interim studied, mainly due to the dissemination of chemical fertilizers, transgenic seeds and agricultural machinery in municipal agriculture.
初级部门，主要是咖啡生产，是Nepomuceno经济的重点，它有大约27,000名居民，位于Sul de Minas规划区。因此，本文的目的是分析1995年至2017年Nepomuceno的农业生产。文献分析、书目研究和实地调查是本研究采用的方法学程序。在分析期间，咖啡生产继续是该市的主要农业活动。此外，Nepomuceno的水稻栽培和大豆栽培的生长也有很大的下降。总的来说，在研究期间，农业生产力得到了提高，这主要是由于化肥、转基因种子和农业机械在城市农业中的推广。
{"title":"Agricultural production in Nepomuceno-MG, Brazil, in the period 1995-2017","authors":"L. V. Boas","doi":"10.7147/geo.v1i31.30111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.30111","url":null,"abstract":"The primary sector, mainly coffee production, has emphasis in the economy of Nepomuceno, which has approximately 27 thousand inhabitants and is located in Sul de Minas planning region. Thus, the objective of the article was to analyze the Nepomuceno’s agricultural production between 1995 and 2017. Document analysis, bibliographic research and fieldwork were the methodological procedures adopted in the study. In the analyzed period, coffee production continued as the predominant agricultural activity in the municipality. Furthermore, there was a great decrease in rice cultivation and soybean culture growth in Nepomuceno. In general, agricultural productivity was increased in the interim studied, mainly due to the dissemination of chemical fertilizers, transgenic seeds and agricultural machinery in municipal agriculture.","PeriodicalId":41119,"journal":{"name":"Geografares","volume":"3 1","pages":"216-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74819737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This note seeks to highlight the dimension of Petrobras' dismantling that has been intensified in the current context of neoliberal policies in Brazil. In this sense, it identifies, locates and maps all the assets of the different segments (production, distribution, transport and refining) who were sold and who have the sale announced by Petrobras. This work was carried out through analysis of Petrobras' administrative reports, newspaper reports, statistical data from the National Petroleum Agency (ANP). It was possible to conclude that Petrobras is currently undergoing a huge dismantling. This has intensified since the 2015 coup when the company's management stopped thinking of it as an integrated energy company and simply started to slice it into several offers to the private sector.
{"title":"SEARCH NOTE: PETROBRAS PRIVATIZATION","authors":"Fracismar Ferreira","doi":"10.7147/geo.v1i31.33516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.33516","url":null,"abstract":"This note seeks to highlight the dimension of Petrobras' dismantling that has been intensified in the current context of neoliberal policies in Brazil. In this sense, it identifies, locates and maps all the assets of the different segments (production, distribution, transport and refining) who were sold and who have the sale announced by Petrobras. This work was carried out through analysis of Petrobras' administrative reports, newspaper reports, statistical data from the National Petroleum Agency (ANP). It was possible to conclude that Petrobras is currently undergoing a huge dismantling. This has intensified since the 2015 coup when the company's management stopped thinking of it as an integrated energy company and simply started to slice it into several offers to the private sector.","PeriodicalId":41119,"journal":{"name":"Geografares","volume":"138 1","pages":"309-334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79772081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I intended to carry out an "archeology" of Economic Science to highlight the different moments of construction of this Science. Within this perspective, I will study how, through the different paradigms present in Economic Science, the substantial hypothesis manifests itself; this hypothesis is based on the principle that economic goods, or commodities, have an intrinsic value.
{"title":"Value, Economic Science and Historicity: an “archeological” approach . A preliminary approach","authors":"A. Herscovici","doi":"10.7147/geo.v1i31.32853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.32853","url":null,"abstract":"I intended to carry out an \"archeology\" of Economic Science to highlight the different moments of construction of this Science. Within this perspective, I will study how, through the different paradigms present in Economic Science, the substantial hypothesis manifests itself; this hypothesis is based on the principle that economic goods, or commodities, have an intrinsic value.","PeriodicalId":41119,"journal":{"name":"Geografares","volume":"114 1","pages":"86-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89308941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El trabajo presenta el conocimiento etnoecologico de los pescadores artesanales de Ubu y Parati, en el sur de Espirito Santo, con el fin de comprender sus estrategias para utilizar espacios marinos para mantener la subsistencia y los ingresos. Con un enfoque en la pesca de robalos y sierras, se realizaron entrevistas (n = 22) para obtener informacion sobre las areas de pesca, los comportamientos de las etnoespecies, las tecnicas de captura, ademas de las dinamicas climaticas y oceanograficas locales. Despues, esta informacion se correlaciono con los datos encontrados en la literatura cientifica. Se concluye, primero, que el conocimiento sobre el medio ambiente permite al pescador variar los esfuerzos de pesca, las tecnicas y el lugar, de acuerdo con las condiciones ambientales aportadas a cada estacionalidad. En segundo lugar, faltan estudios para subsidiar la gestion pesquera local, y finalmente, hay insatisfaccion con las normas de gestion pesquera, consideradas incompatibles con las formas tradicionales de trabajo.
{"title":"FISHING SPACES AND ETHNOECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE OF SNOOK AND KING MACKEREL ARTISANAL FISHING IN SOUTHERN ESPÍRITO SANTO - BRAZIL","authors":"Josilene Cavalcante Corrêa, Joelson Fernandes, Jacqueline Albino","doi":"10.7147/geo.v1i31.31253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.31253","url":null,"abstract":"El trabajo presenta el conocimiento etnoecologico de los pescadores artesanales de Ubu y Parati, en el sur de Espirito Santo, con el fin de comprender sus estrategias para utilizar espacios marinos para mantener la subsistencia y los ingresos. Con un enfoque en la pesca de robalos y sierras, se realizaron entrevistas (n = 22) para obtener informacion sobre las areas de pesca, los comportamientos de las etnoespecies, las tecnicas de captura, ademas de las dinamicas climaticas y oceanograficas locales. Despues, esta informacion se correlaciono con los datos encontrados en la literatura cientifica. Se concluye, primero, que el conocimiento sobre el medio ambiente permite al pescador variar los esfuerzos de pesca, las tecnicas y el lugar, de acuerdo con las condiciones ambientales aportadas a cada estacionalidad. En segundo lugar, faltan estudios para subsidiar la gestion pesquera local, y finalmente, hay insatisfaccion con las normas de gestion pesquera, consideradas incompatibles con las formas tradicionales de trabajo.","PeriodicalId":41119,"journal":{"name":"Geografares","volume":"8 1","pages":"144-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81096140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salvador was the capital of the Portuguese America from 1549 until 1763. It was also the second city of the Portuguese Empire up to the 19th century. The Catholic Church together with the State was the main agents that structured the city of Salvador during the whole colonial period. The Secular Church related to the State through the Padroado was responsible for the implementation and maintenance of the Cathedral, churches and parishes; the religious orders with their convents were important structural elements of the urban space while the laic orders owned churches and many urban properties and corresponded to the structuring of a slave society.
{"title":"THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AS A STRUCTURING AGENT FOR THE CITY OF SALVADOR IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD","authors":"Pedro Vasconcelos","doi":"10.7147/geo.v1i31.31791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.31791","url":null,"abstract":"Salvador was the capital of the Portuguese America from 1549 until 1763. It was also the second city of the Portuguese Empire up to the 19th century. The Catholic Church together with the State was the main agents that structured the city of Salvador during the whole colonial period. The Secular Church related to the State through the Padroado was responsible for the implementation and maintenance of the Cathedral, churches and parishes; the religious orders with their convents were important structural elements of the urban space while the laic orders owned churches and many urban properties and corresponded to the structuring of a slave society.","PeriodicalId":41119,"journal":{"name":"Geografares","volume":"23 1","pages":"30-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80869154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This text aims to discuss the foundations of the energy and humanitarian crisis that, in early November 2020, affected the state of Amapá. In order to achieve this goal, we firstly present how the process of Amapá's integration with the National Interconnected System (SIN) took place, and then point out the technical weaknesses that incurred in the interruption of the energy supply in the state. In parallel, we discuss the business structure and financial logic involved in the poor provision of the service offered by the company responsible for the Macapá substation. Finally, we introduce some information about the political causes and consequences of the blackout, raising questions about the privatization process of urban infrastructures whose functioning is essential to life in Amazonian cities.
{"title":"Capital fluidity, Amazonian cities collapsing notes on the energy and humanitarian crisis in the state of Amapá","authors":"Giancarlo Frabetti","doi":"10.7147/geo.v1i31.33457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.33457","url":null,"abstract":"This text aims to discuss the foundations of the energy and humanitarian crisis that, in early November 2020, affected the state of Amapá. In order to achieve this goal, we firstly present how the process of Amapá's integration with the National Interconnected System (SIN) took place, and then point out the technical weaknesses that incurred in the interruption of the energy supply in the state. In parallel, we discuss the business structure and financial logic involved in the poor provision of the service offered by the company responsible for the Macapá substation. Finally, we introduce some information about the political causes and consequences of the blackout, raising questions about the privatization process of urban infrastructures whose functioning is essential to life in Amazonian cities.","PeriodicalId":41119,"journal":{"name":"Geografares","volume":"80 1","pages":"293-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89067627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most representations about the process of spatial expansion of capitalism over the spatial cuts that today constitute what we know as Brazil and Latin America, through the advance of colonization, perpetuates what some authors have been calling ideology of demographic voids, which would be the tendency to represent these spaces before their appropriation and incorporation into the capitalist world system as desert areas, without human beings, thus concealing the violence inherent in it. Despite the advances in Contemporary Social Theory, this type of timespace representation has still been reproduced and perpetuated in many historiographic and academic works from different areas of knowledge. The following article presents reflections on this phenomenon, developed with fulcrum in studies on the spatial profile that today constitutes the State of Espírito Santo, in order to understand the theoretical vices that corroborate the perpetuation of this type of representation.
{"title":"DECOLONIZING THE REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT COLONIZATION: GEOGRAPHIC REFLECTIONS","authors":"Jaime Bernardo Neto","doi":"10.7147/geo.v1i31.29141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.29141","url":null,"abstract":"Most representations about the process of spatial expansion of capitalism over the spatial cuts that today constitute what we know as Brazil and Latin America, through the advance of colonization, perpetuates what some authors have been calling ideology of demographic voids, which would be the tendency to represent these spaces before their appropriation and incorporation into the capitalist world system as desert areas, without human beings, thus concealing the violence inherent in it. Despite the advances in Contemporary Social Theory, this type of timespace representation has still been reproduced and perpetuated in many historiographic and academic works from different areas of knowledge. The following article presents reflections on this phenomenon, developed with fulcrum in studies on the spatial profile that today constitutes the State of Espírito Santo, in order to understand the theoretical vices that corroborate the perpetuation of this type of representation.","PeriodicalId":41119,"journal":{"name":"Geografares","volume":"7 1","pages":"114-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91065436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technological innovations have significantly changed the society in many ways. This paper analyses the major changes caused by the development and the spread of electric energy utilization in the production of urban space, in labour, in the organization of family and households, in everyday life and in the role of women, such as the changes brought to the households as an outcome of the introduction of everyday technologies in them, as well as in the role they play, whether in the job market, in the artistic and political vanguards and in the fight for rights, as well as in their role of household management as the person responsible for maintaining the conditions of social reproduction of their families. This debate is supported by the notions of modern, modernization, modernity and utopia, while highlights the contradictions and inequalities that remain and permeate the life of the working class in the cities.
{"title":"ELECTRIFICATION, URBAN LIFE AND THE ROLE OF WOMEN","authors":"Odette Carvalho de Lima Seabra","doi":"10.7147/geo.v1i31.33576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.33576","url":null,"abstract":"Technological innovations have significantly changed the society in many ways. This paper analyses the major changes caused by the development and the spread of electric energy utilization in the production of urban space, in labour, in the organization of family and households, in everyday life and in the role of women, such as the changes brought to the households as an outcome of the introduction of everyday technologies in them, as well as in the role they play, whether in the job market, in the artistic and political vanguards and in the fight for rights, as well as in their role of household management as the person responsible for maintaining the conditions of social reproduction of their families. This debate is supported by the notions of modern, modernization, modernity and utopia, while highlights the contradictions and inequalities that remain and permeate the life of the working class in the cities.","PeriodicalId":41119,"journal":{"name":"Geografares","volume":"85 1","pages":"6-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85837480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. C. L. Pereira, Marcel Achkar Borrás, Gabril Scaraffuni, J. Cancelier
This article aims to understand how socio-territorial transformations have been manifesting in the northeast region of Uruguay between 2000 and 2018. In this period, the territorial expansion of agribusiness through soy monoculture and forestry intensifies, which causes important changes in the productive, social, and landscape base. The objective is, on one hand, to describe quantitatively and in terms of changes in land use, the recent transformations in the agrarian territories of the region and, on the other hand, to understand the impacts of these processes on some social dynamics, especially in the migration of family producers and their families from the agrarian space to the urban one. The methodology included a bibliographic and documentary review, the analysis of statistical data from the General Agricultural Census, and the analysis of land use through satellite images. The results show that monocultures linked to agribusiness have modified the agrarian structure and the use of the territory resulting in increasing pressure on the price of land, which puts the permanence of family producers at risk
{"title":"Socio -Territorial Transformations of the Northeast Region of Uruguay (2000-2018)","authors":"R. C. L. Pereira, Marcel Achkar Borrás, Gabril Scaraffuni, J. Cancelier","doi":"10.7147/geo.v1i31.31087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.31087","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to understand how socio-territorial transformations have been manifesting in the northeast region of Uruguay between 2000 and 2018. In this period, the territorial expansion of agribusiness through soy monoculture and forestry intensifies, which causes important changes in the productive, social, and landscape base. The objective is, on one hand, to describe quantitatively and in terms of changes in land use, the recent transformations in the agrarian territories of the region and, on the other hand, to understand the impacts of these processes on some social dynamics, especially in the migration of family producers and their families from the agrarian space to the urban one. The methodology included a bibliographic and documentary review, the analysis of statistical data from the General Agricultural Census, and the analysis of land use through satellite images. The results show that monocultures linked to agribusiness have modified the agrarian structure and the use of the territory resulting in increasing pressure on the price of land, which puts the permanence of family producers at risk","PeriodicalId":41119,"journal":{"name":"Geografares","volume":"33 1","pages":"241-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80268213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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