Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.3369/TETHYS.2013.10.05
Rebeca Izquierdo Miguel, M. Jordán, A. Á. I. Castells
The cluster classification of provenances at a site in the NE Iberian Peninsula indicated that in the period of extended winter (December to March, DJFM) fast Atlantic air flows correspond to positive WeMO index (WeMOi), while negative WeMOi are associated to Mediterranean circulations. The amount of winter precipitation was inversely correlated with winter WeMOi. Wet deposition fluxes of marine-derived (Na + , Mg 2+ and Cl ) and anthropogenic-derived (NO3 and K + ) ions were significantly (and negatively) related to winter WeMOi. The negative phase of WeMO causes the entry of air masses from the Mediterranean into the Iberian Peninsula, that are enriched with marine ions. For NO3 this result suggests the advection over the Mediterranean of polluted air masses from southern Europe and the scavenging and deposition of this pollution by rain during WeMO negative phases. This will carry long-range pollutants to the NE Iberian Peninsula, but local pollutants may also contribute, as precipitation events from the Mediterranean (associated to negative WeMOi) may incorporate local anthropogenic emissions that build up during the winter anticyclonic episodes typical of the region.
{"title":"WeMO effects on the amount and the chemistry of winter precipitation in the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Rebeca Izquierdo Miguel, M. Jordán, A. Á. I. Castells","doi":"10.3369/TETHYS.2013.10.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3369/TETHYS.2013.10.05","url":null,"abstract":"The cluster classification of provenances at a site in the NE Iberian Peninsula indicated that in the period of extended winter (December to March, DJFM) fast Atlantic air flows correspond to positive WeMO index (WeMOi), while negative WeMOi are associated to Mediterranean circulations. The amount of winter precipitation was inversely correlated with winter WeMOi. Wet deposition fluxes of marine-derived (Na + , Mg 2+ and Cl ) and anthropogenic-derived (NO3 and K + ) ions were significantly (and negatively) related to winter WeMOi. The negative phase of WeMO causes the entry of air masses from the Mediterranean into the Iberian Peninsula, that are enriched with marine ions. For NO3 this result suggests the advection over the Mediterranean of polluted air masses from southern Europe and the scavenging and deposition of this pollution by rain during WeMO negative phases. This will carry long-range pollutants to the NE Iberian Peninsula, but local pollutants may also contribute, as precipitation events from the Mediterranean (associated to negative WeMOi) may incorporate local anthropogenic emissions that build up during the winter anticyclonic episodes typical of the region.","PeriodicalId":41133,"journal":{"name":"Tethys-Journal of Mediterranean Meteorology & Climatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73917259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-23DOI: 10.3369/TETHYS.2011.8.07
Jordi Mazón Bueso, Daniel Crespo Artiaga, D. González
he severe windstorm of 24 January 2009, caused by an explosive cyclogenesis, affected coastaland precoastal areas of the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, where damages were numerousand significant, both in urban areas and in forests. One of the most important effects was thecollapse of a sports facility in Sant Boi de Llobregat (10 km southwest of Barcelona), killingfour children. The objective of this study is to estimate the wind speed over the sports facilityand calculate the suction of the wind on the roof of the building, and the consequent collapse ofthe walls. To get a first approximation, a simulation of the episode around the time of maximumwind gust was inspected using the mesoscale model MM5. In the second part, the damage aroundthe collapsed facility was analyzed, with which we note the fact that a truck was dragged andknocked over by the wind. This analysis allows for the conclusion that, in conjunction with themaximum wind gust, there was a sudden and very local shift in the wind, which caused the gustto hit the building head on. Based on this observation, the wind speed on surface and at 7 m(roof of the building) was estimated, and the suction of the wind was calculated.
2009年1月24日由爆炸性气旋形成引起的强风暴影响了伊比利亚半岛东北部沿海和沿海前地区，在城市地区和森林都造成了重大破坏。其中最重要的影响之一是在Sant Boi de Llobregat(巴塞罗那西南10公里)的一个体育设施倒塌，造成4名儿童死亡。本研究的目的是估计运动设施的风速，并计算建筑物屋顶上的风吸力，以及随之而来的墙壁倒塌。为了获得初步近似，使用中尺度模式MM5对最大阵风时间前后的情景进行了模拟。在第二部分中，我们分析了倒塌设施周围的损坏情况，并注意到一辆卡车被风拖拽并撞倒的事实。这一分析得出的结论是，与最大阵风相结合，有一个突然的、非常局部的风向转变，这导致阵风正面击中了建筑物。在此基础上，估算了建筑物表面和7 m处(屋顶)的风速，并计算了风的吸力。
{"title":"Determination of wind speed and associated loads over the sports facility collapsed during the severe windstorm of 24 January 2009 in Sant Boi de Llobregat (Barcelona)","authors":"Jordi Mazón Bueso, Daniel Crespo Artiaga, D. González","doi":"10.3369/TETHYS.2011.8.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3369/TETHYS.2011.8.07","url":null,"abstract":"he severe windstorm of 24 January 2009, caused by an explosive cyclogenesis, affected coastaland precoastal areas of the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, where damages were numerousand significant, both in urban areas and in forests. One of the most important effects was thecollapse of a sports facility in Sant Boi de Llobregat (10 km southwest of Barcelona), killingfour children. The objective of this study is to estimate the wind speed over the sports facilityand calculate the suction of the wind on the roof of the building, and the consequent collapse ofthe walls. To get a first approximation, a simulation of the episode around the time of maximumwind gust was inspected using the mesoscale model MM5. In the second part, the damage aroundthe collapsed facility was analyzed, with which we note the fact that a truck was dragged andknocked over by the wind. This analysis allows for the conclusion that, in conjunction with themaximum wind gust, there was a sudden and very local shift in the wind, which caused the gustto hit the building head on. Based on this observation, the wind speed on surface and at 7 m(roof of the building) was estimated, and the suction of the wind was calculated.","PeriodicalId":41133,"journal":{"name":"Tethys-Journal of Mediterranean Meteorology & Climatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2011-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79925691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.3369/TETHYS.2006.3.08
D. Stensrud, Illes Balears
Human forecasters routinely improve upon the output from numerical weather prediction models and often have keen insight to model biases and shortcomings. This wealth of knowledge about model performance is largely untapped, however, as it is used only at the end point in the forecast process to interpret the model-predicted fields. Yet there is no reason why human forecasters cannot intervene at other earlier times in the numerical weather prediction process, especially when an ensemble forecasting system is in use. Human intervention in ensemble creation may be particularly helpful for rare events, such as severe weather events, that are not predicted well by numerical models. The USA/NOAA SPC/NSSL Spring Program 2003 tested an ensemble generation method in which human forecasters were involved in the ensemble creation process. The forecaster highlighted structures of interest and, using an adjoint model, a set of perturbations were obtained and used to generate a 32-member ensemble. The results show that this experimental ensemble improves upon the operational numerical forecasts of severe weather. The human-generated ensemble is able to provide improved guidance on high-impact weather events, but lacks global dispersion and produces unreliable forecasts for non-hazardous weather events. Further results from an ensemble constructed by combining the operational ensemble perturbations with the human-generated perturbations shows promising skill for the forecast of severe weather while avoiding the problem of limited global dispersion. The value of human beings in the creation of ensembles designed to target specific high- impact weather events is potentially large. Further investigation of the value of forecasters being part of the ensemble creation process is strongly recommended. There remains a lot to learn about how to create ensembles for short-range forecasts of severe weather, and we need to make better use of the skill and experience of human forecasters in this learning process.
{"title":"Involving human forecasters in numerical prediction systems","authors":"D. Stensrud, Illes Balears","doi":"10.3369/TETHYS.2006.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3369/TETHYS.2006.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"Human forecasters routinely improve upon the output from numerical weather prediction models and often have keen insight to model biases and shortcomings. This wealth of knowledge about model performance is largely untapped, however, as it is used only at the end point in the forecast process to interpret the model-predicted fields. Yet there is no reason why human forecasters cannot intervene at other earlier times in the numerical weather prediction process, especially when an ensemble forecasting system is in use. Human intervention in ensemble creation may be particularly helpful for rare events, such as severe weather events, that are not predicted well by numerical models. The USA/NOAA SPC/NSSL Spring Program 2003 tested an ensemble generation method in which human forecasters were involved in the ensemble creation process. The forecaster highlighted structures of interest and, using an adjoint model, a set of perturbations were obtained and used to generate a 32-member ensemble. The results show that this experimental ensemble improves upon the operational numerical forecasts of severe weather. The human-generated ensemble is able to provide improved guidance on high-impact weather events, but lacks global dispersion and produces unreliable forecasts for non-hazardous weather events. Further results from an ensemble constructed by combining the operational ensemble perturbations with the human-generated perturbations shows promising skill for the forecast of severe weather while avoiding the problem of limited global dispersion. The value of human beings in the creation of ensembles designed to target specific high- impact weather events is potentially large. Further investigation of the value of forecasters being part of the ensemble creation process is strongly recommended. There remains a lot to learn about how to create ensembles for short-range forecasts of severe weather, and we need to make better use of the skill and experience of human forecasters in this learning process.","PeriodicalId":41133,"journal":{"name":"Tethys-Journal of Mediterranean Meteorology & Climatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90222096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.3369/tethys.2006.3.01
F. X. M. D. Osés, M. Sanabra
Keeping in mind the close date for publishing the list of ports included in the MoS network we are going to analyse what type of vessel is going to fit best in some of the proposed ports, for ensuring a real modal shift. Once understood the sea transport importance, the sea conditions and specifically the wave highness analysis, is the topic to be dealt in this paper, as a contribution to recommend the ship better fit on a route, keeping in mind her sensitivity to sea and waves.
{"title":"Wave height incidence on Mediterranean Short Sea Shipping routes","authors":"F. X. M. D. Osés, M. Sanabra","doi":"10.3369/tethys.2006.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3369/tethys.2006.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Keeping in mind the close date for publishing the list of ports included in the MoS network we are going to analyse what type of vessel is going to fit best in some of the proposed ports, for ensuring a real modal shift. Once understood the sea transport importance, the sea conditions and specifically the wave highness analysis, is the topic to be dealt in this paper, as a contribution to recommend the ship better fit on a route, keeping in mind her sensitivity to sea and waves.","PeriodicalId":41133,"journal":{"name":"Tethys-Journal of Mediterranean Meteorology & Climatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83491755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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