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International Business Management - Impact of Cultural Dimension on Business Decisions among Technical Directors in the IT Sector 国际商业管理-文化维度对IT部门技术总监商业决策的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.29011/2642-3243.1000140
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引用次数: 0
Poverty Reduction in Ghana: Microfinance and Small Loan Centre (MASLOC) in Perspective 加纳的减贫:小额信贷和小额贷款中心(MASLOC)的视角
Pub Date : 2018-12-07 DOI: 10.29011/2642-3243.100019
Donatus Nyaaba, Francis Atintono, Sylvester Alosum Anaba
Access to adequate and affordable credit for businesses remains one of the key challenges to local economic development in Ghana despite efforts by both government and private sector organizations to address the problem. Issues of availability of financial institutions, proximity to clients, effectiveness of service provision, adequacy of loans granted, and timeliness and cost of services provided are among factors that have been deemed critical in addressing this perennial problem. A multitude of methodologies are being used to provide financial services such as savings, credit, and insurance to relatively poor clients, yet they follow the same philosophy of group lending, forced savings, small loan amounts and short repayment periods. To give practical meaning to poverty reduction agenda, the government of Ghana launched the Microfinance and Small Loans Centre (MASLOC) in 2006. Earlier studies acknowledge the difficulties that still exist regarding access to finance, domestic resource and the support necessary for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to grow and contribute to the economy. This research is therefore aimed at investigating how MASLOC is performing its mandate of expanding micro-credit to the economically active poor in the Tamale Metropolis. A case study approach was used as the research strategy by the researcher. The researcher employed the representative single case study, primarily designed to elicit information from a cross-section of local stakeholders (especially beneficiaries and management) of MASLOC in the Tamale Metropolis. The case study approach was employed due to the fact that it provided a basis for an empirical enquiry that allows the researcher to investigate and understand the role of MASLOC in the economic life of its credit beneficiaries. It created the avenue to use multiple sources of evidence, thus improving the quality of data for the study as it allows triangulation. It was found that there are some misgivings about MASLOC scheme. These were deduced from both clients and officials of MASLOC. In many respect, the establishment of MASLOC have made some strides in the area of accessibility to micro credit and fighting the indicators of poverty. It is however, worth noting that much of the efforts have seemingly resulted into uncoordinated stakeholder action and decision making due to small amount of credit lack of skills and capacity to utilize loans and political interference. It was therefore noted that without a clear and concrete effort at diversifying the loan portfolio, encouraging micro saving among clients, monitoring the performance of beneficiaries and depoliticizing the scheme, using MASLOC to enhance accessibility of individuals, groups and households will remain a vision on paper.
尽管政府和私营部门组织都在努力解决这一问题,但企业获得充足和负担得起的信贷仍然是加纳地方经济发展面临的主要挑战之一。金融机构的可用性、与客户的接近程度、提供服务的有效性、发放贷款的充足性以及提供服务的及时性和成本等问题被认为是解决这一长期问题的关键因素。为相对贫穷的客户提供储蓄、信贷和保险等金融服务的方法多种多样,但它们都遵循同样的理念:集体借贷、强制储蓄、小额贷款和短还款期限。为了使减贫议程具有实际意义,加纳政府于2006年启动了小额信贷和小额贷款中心(MASLOC)。早期的研究承认,在获得融资、国内资源和中小企业成长和为经济作出贡献所必需的支持方面仍然存在困难。因此,这项研究的目的是调查MASLOC如何履行其向塔马利大都会经济活跃的穷人扩大小额信贷的任务。研究人员采用了案例研究法作为研究策略。研究人员采用了具有代表性的单一案例研究,主要旨在从Tamale大都市MASLOC的当地利益相关者(特别是受益人和管理层)的横截面中获取信息。之所以采用案例研究方法,是因为它为实证调查提供了基础,使研究人员能够调查和理解MASLOC在其信贷受益人的经济生活中的作用。它创造了使用多种证据来源的途径,从而提高了研究数据的质量,因为它允许三角测量。研究发现,MASLOC计划存在一些疑虑。这些都是从MASLOC的客户和官员那里推断出来的。在许多方面,MASLOC的设立在获得小额信贷和消除贫穷指标方面取得了一些进展。然而,值得注意的是,由于小额信贷缺乏利用贷款的技能和能力以及政治干预,许多努力似乎导致利益相关者的行动和决策不协调。因此,有人指出,如果没有明确和具体的努力使贷款组合多样化,鼓励客户之间的小额储蓄,监测受益人的业绩和使计划非政治化,利用MASLOC来提高个人、团体和家庭的可利用性将仍然是纸上空文。
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引用次数: 1
A Digital Strategy for Enhancing the Customer Journey via a Customer-Centric Website 透过以顾客为中心的网站提升顾客体验的数码策略
Pub Date : 2018-12-05 DOI: 10.29011/2642-3243.100022
J. M. York
The growth of social media has changed the landscape of digital marketing. With social media over the last decade, this dynamic has changed to that of a permissive or “Pull” strategy, rather than a more traditional approach involving “Push” approach. This discussion will examine the following areas to explore this customer-centricity dynamic: (1) why companies need to shift web marketing to that of a customer-centric website; (2) what features and functionality of a customer-centric website are required; and (3) how customer-centric website content influences consumer buying process.
社交媒体的发展改变了数字营销的格局。在过去的十年里,随着社交媒体的发展,这种动态已经转变为一种宽容或“拉”的策略,而不是一种更传统的包括“推”的方法。本次讨论将探讨以下几个方面来探索这种以客户为中心的动态:(1)为什么公司需要将网络营销转变为以客户为中心的网站;(2)以客户为中心的网站需要具备哪些特点和功能;(3)以客户为中心的网站内容如何影响消费者的购买过程。
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引用次数: 1
Explaining Cattle Farmers Behavior in Selling Productive Cows: Cases of Bali Beef Cattle in South Sulawesi, Indonesia 解释养牛户出售高产牛的行为:印度尼西亚南苏拉威西岛巴厘岛肉牛的案例
Pub Date : 2018-11-27 DOI: 10.29011/2642-3243.100018
P. Mappigau, S. N. Sirajuddin, K. Kasim, V. Lestari, Dan Sitti Rohani
Productive cows are important asset for cattle farmers in running and expanding their beef cattle farming, but fact in Indonesia, the asset is sold by cattle farmers. Therefore, this research aims are to explain why cattle farmers have behaved to sell their cows productive. The research used quantitative approach through questionnaires survey method. A total of 197 cattle farmers used as a sample, and the data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that cattle farmers have a great opportunity to behave in the sale of their productive cows. This because although farmers believe the consequences sell the productive cows and avoid sales (attitude), but the there is no social pressure that forces cattle farmers not sell productive cows (subjective norm) and farmers are very easy to sell productive cows (control perceived behavior). The implications of the application TPB theory in the field of animal husbandry as well as into information for practitioners in formulating policies to prevent the depletion of the cow’s population in Indonesia
高产牛是养牛户经营和扩大肉牛养殖场的重要资产,但事实上,在印度尼西亚,这些资产是由养牛户出售的。因此,本研究的目的是解释为什么养牛户有行为出售他们的奶牛生产。本研究采用定量方法,通过问卷调查法。以197名养牛户为样本,对数据进行描述性分析。这项研究的结果表明,养牛户在出售他们的高产奶牛时有很大的机会表现出来。这是因为,虽然农民相信结果是出售有生产能力的奶牛而避免出售(态度),但没有社会压力迫使养牛户不出售有生产能力的奶牛(主观规范),农民很容易出售有生产能力的奶牛(控制感知行为)。应用TPB理论在畜牧业领域的影响,以及为从业者制定政策的信息,以防止印度尼西亚奶牛种群的枯竭
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引用次数: 0
The Odyssey of the Cameroonian Nation: Historical Trajectory of "Living Together" and its Political Exploitation Margins 喀麦隆民族的奥德赛:“共同生活”的历史轨迹及其政治剥削边缘
Pub Date : 2018-10-15 DOI: 10.29011/2642-3243.100014
Aristide Menguele Menyengue
Whether considered as an abstract concept, that is to say “a soul, a spiritual principle”[1] and then as “a more or less institutional historical community occupying a given territory, or his homeland and sharing a language and a distinct culture”[2], The nation is a permanent construction. According to Lavroff, “nationbuilding has two aspects: the establishment of political institutions and the creation of a mentality of belonging and participation in the political system”[3]. But these jacobinists forms of nationbuilding neglect the multicultural characteristics of plural societies and their cosmopolitan components as it is the case in Cameroon. Here, “Cameroon’s conception of the nation”[4] does not imply a systematic repudiation of particularities. This duality is reinforced by homological conception that equates “nation”, “people” and “culture”[5].
无论是作为一个抽象的概念,即“一个灵魂,一种精神原则”[1],还是作为“一个或多或少的制度性的历史共同体,占据一个特定的领土,或他的家园,共享一种语言和独特的文化”[2],民族都是一个永久性的建筑。拉夫罗夫认为,“国家建设有两个方面:建立政治制度和创造一种归属感和参与政治制度的心态”。但这些雅各宾主义形式的国家建设忽视了多元社会的多元文化特征及其世界主义成分,喀麦隆就是这样的例子。在这里,“喀麦隆的国家概念”[4]并不意味着系统性地否定特殊性。将“民族”、“人民”和“文化”等同起来的同构概念强化了这种二元性。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Effect of Stress Management in a Hospitality Establishment - A Case Study of Mountain Hotel Buea 评价压力管理在酒店企业中的效果——以山岳酒店为例
Pub Date : 2018-10-04 DOI: 10.29011/2642-3243.100013
E. Abam
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引用次数: 0
Mature Market Economy-A Combination of Effective Government and Efficient Market 成熟的市场经济——有效政府与有效市场的结合
Pub Date : 2018-09-28 DOI: 10.29011/2642-3243.100015
Chen Yunxian
The relation between government and market is the Goldbach conjecture in economics. As this article indicates, Adam Smith’s third work attempted to expound national government behavior and proceeded to probe into the roles and functions government should play, and Keynes explained in his work why a series of measures were proposed to intervene in effective demand, rather than why national government could, in the capacity of a participant or one of the major entities, propel investment and infrastructure construction. The article goes on to prove that studies in resource generation have remained a blank that awaits to be filled in the mainstream economic theorization of modern times, that government plays the role of a competitive entity in the area of generative resources, that government competition can be classified in the narrow and broad sense, that efficient market can be divided in three tiers, that effective government can be represented in terms of their performance, and that there are nine modes of combining effective government and efficient market. This article breaks out of the limitations of the mainstream western economic system and the configuration of market theories. First, it proposes in market economic theorization that a mature economy is one integrating effective government and efficient market. It holds that many issues and practical problems in the economic development of the world are the indications of defects in traditional market theories the blanks of modern market theories, rather than problems with the market. Second, it proposes the conceptualization of “mezzoeconomics” in the economic theoretical system that plays an active and innovative role in economic growth, believing that the setup of the mezzoeconomic system, with regional or urban economy as its carrier and regional government as one of its entities of competition playing its competitive role in the allocation of newly generated resources, means remedying the defects in the orthodox economic system and filling the blank in the current economic system. Third, it puts forth theories of new economic engines for world economic growth and holds that government should try their best to build up new engines for investment, innovation and new governance, with focus on the development and construction of infrastructure. This article aims to substantiate the government-market relation by basing its analysis on explorations in China’s reform and opening up, economic development and operative modes and making use of development experience and research findings in world economic practices. It defines three categories of resources and the attributes of resource allocation in different phases of development and reveals the duality of economic attributes of government and entities of market competition and the necessity of mature economy integrating effective government and efficient market. It emphasizes that government needs foresighted leading in order to succeed, need
政府与市场的关系是经济学中的哥德巴赫猜想。正如本文所指出的,亚当·斯密的第三部作品试图阐述国家政府的行为,并着手探讨政府应该扮演的角色和职能,凯恩斯在他的作品中解释了为什么提出了一系列干预有效需求的措施,而不是为什么国家政府可以作为参与者或主要实体之一推动投资和基础设施建设。本文进一步论证了资源生成研究在现代主流经济理论中仍然是一个有待填补的空白,政府在资源生成领域扮演着竞争主体的角色,政府竞争可以分为狭义和广义,有效市场可以分为三个层次,有效政府可以用其绩效来表现。有效政府与有效市场相结合的模式有九种。本文突破了西方主流经济体制和市场理论配置的局限。首先,在市场经济理论中提出成熟的经济是有效政府和有效市场的统一。它认为,世界经济发展中的许多问题和实际问题都是传统市场理论缺陷的表现,是现代市场理论的空白,而不是市场本身的问题。其次,在对经济增长发挥积极创新作用的经济理论体系中,提出了“夹层经济学”的概念,认为建立以区域或城市经济为载体,区域政府作为其竞争主体之一,在新增资源配置中发挥竞争作用的夹层经济体系;即弥补正统经济制度的缺陷,填补现行经济制度的空白。第三,提出了世界经济增长的新引擎理论,认为政府应努力打造投资、创新和新治理的新引擎,重点发展和建设基础设施。本文旨在通过分析中国改革开放、经济发展和运行方式的探索,并借鉴世界经济实践中的发展经验和研究成果,对政府与市场的关系进行实证研究。界定了不同发展阶段的三种资源及其配置属性,揭示了政府与市场竞争主体经济属性的二重性,以及有效政府与有效市场相结合的成熟经济的必要性。强调政府要成功需要先见之明的领导,创新需要竞争,竞争需要创新。中国的改革开放和创新发展为这种经济推广提供了肥沃的土壤。本研究成果将被纳入世界经济理论,并最终为世界经济增长服务。全球经济发展的新时代已经到来,开启了成熟市场经济——有效政府与有效市场的结合——形成和发展的新领域。Arch Bus行政管理:ABAM-115。DOI: 10.29011 /
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引用次数: 1
Impact of Property Rights and Regulations on Agrarian Sustainability in Bulgaria 保加利亚产权和法规对农业可持续性的影响
Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.29011/2642-3243.100012
Hrabrin Bachev Храбрин Башев
The specific system of formal and informal property rights and regulations is a critical factor, which to a great extent (pre) determines the type and speed of development in different countries, industries, regions, communities, etc. This article tries to fill the gap and assesses the impact of institutional environment on agrarian sustainability in Bulgaria. The interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics framework is applied and assessment made on specific effects of major components of the “external” institutional environment on agrarian sustainability level in different administrative, geographical and ecological regions, subsectors of agriculture, and farms of various juridical type and size. Our study has found out that individual elements of external institutional, market and natural environment affect quite unequally farms of different types, individual subsectors of agriculture, and specific ecological and geographical regions. This type of studies is to be expended and their precision and representation increased. The latter however, requires a close cooperation between all interested parties, and participation of the farmers, agrarian organizations, local and central authorities, interest groups, research institutes and experts, etc.
具体的正式和非正式产权制度和规章制度是一个关键因素,它在很大程度上(预先)决定了不同国家、行业、地区、社区等的发展类型和速度。本文试图填补这一空白,并评估制度环境对保加利亚农业可持续性的影响。应用跨学科的新制度经济学框架,评估“外部”制度环境的主要组成部分对不同行政、地理和生态区域、农业子部门和不同法律类型和规模的农场的农业可持续性水平的具体影响。研究发现,外部制度因素、市场因素和自然环境因素对不同类型农场、不同农业子部门和特定生态地理区域的影响是不均衡的。这类研究将得到扩展,其准确性和代表性将得到提高。但是,后者需要所有有关方面密切合作,并需要农民、农业组织、地方和中央当局、利益集团、研究机构和专家等的参与。
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引用次数: 0
Transforming the Local Government for National Development 改革地方政府,促进国家发展
Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.29011/2642-3243.100010
E. Chukwuemeka, Martina Okoye, M. Eneh
In developed countries of the world like the United States of America and Britain, there is strong support for the principle of local self-government. Many developed and particularly African countries give the same strong support to the principle of local self-government. Under the new local government arrangement in Nigeria borne out of 1976 local government reform and 1999 constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, many issues were addressed to spur the local government towards rural development. The paper adopted content analysis methodology. Development and underdevelopment indicators were addressed. Some theoretical paradigms were also discussed. A number of recommendations were proffered. They include using top flight public servants to run the local government as chief executives to reduce running cost. Such career officers made not want to dent their records and therefore would strive to perform well. Also, it was recommended that the Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) of the local government should be properly harnessed and channeled into meaningful developmental projects and rural transformation.
在像美利坚合众国和英国这样的世界发达国家,地方自治的原则得到了大力支持。许多发达国家,特别是非洲国家对地方自治原则给予同样的大力支持。根据1976年地方政府改革和1999年尼日利亚联邦共和国宪法所产生的新的尼日利亚地方政府安排,解决了许多问题,以刺激地方政府向农村发展。本文采用内容分析法。讨论了发展和不发达指标。讨论了一些理论范式。提出了若干建议。其中包括聘请顶级公务员担任地方政府行政长官,以降低运营成本。这些职业官员不想削弱他们的记录,因此会努力表现良好。此外,还建议适当利用地方政府的内部收入,并将其用于有意义的发展项目和农村改造。
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引用次数: 3
Marriage of Inconvenience Between Herders and Farmers in Nigeria: Can Elephant and Hippo Tango? 尼日利亚牧民和农民之间的不便婚姻:大象和河马能跳探戈吗?
Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.15406/ahoaj.2018.02.00082
O. IloanyaKenneth, Matthias Ananti
This study sets out to examine the implications of open grazing system on sustainable development in Nigeria. It was necessitated by the unprecedented burning of houses, killing and maiming of farmers across different blocs of Nigeria. The last few years witnessed violent clashes between pastoralists and crop farmers in various parts of the country over grazing resources which has led to the loss of numerous lives and properties, food shortages arising from abandonment of farm lands and destruction of crops, environmental degradation and conflicts of ethno-religious coloration among the various sections that make up the Nigerian State. The study adopted Ex-post facto research method. And content analysis method was used as analytical tool. An in-depth survey was carried out adopting focus group discussion, face- to- face interview to complement data got from records. The study revealed among others that pastoralists perceive cattle breeding as government business which should take preeminence over other agricultural activities in Nigeria. Any slightest attempt to manhandle their cattle leads to violent class between herders and farmers. Flowing from the findings, the following major recommendations were proffered. They include: building of ranches in lieu of the proposed cattle colony. The question is who will provide land? It is also recommended that effective regulation of grazing and farming activities in Nigeria through efficient land use laws/regulations and administration.
本研究旨在探讨尼日利亚开放放牧系统对可持续发展的影响。这是由于尼日利亚不同地区发生了前所未有的焚烧房屋、杀害和致残农民事件。过去几年,在尼日利亚各地,牧民和农民之间因争夺放牧资源而发生暴力冲突,造成许多生命和财产的损失,因放弃农田和破坏作物而造成粮食短缺,环境退化,以及尼日利亚各州各阶层之间的种族宗教冲突。本研究采用事后研究方法。并采用内容分析法作为分析工具。采用焦点小组讨论、面对面访谈等方式进行深入调查,补充记录资料。该研究除其他外表明,牧民认为养牛是政府的业务,在尼日利亚应优先于其他农业活动。任何对牛的粗暴行为都会导致牧民和农民之间的暴力冲突。根据调查结果,提出了以下主要建议。这些措施包括:建造牧场代替拟议中的养牛场。问题是谁将提供土地?还建议通过有效的土地使用法律/法规和管理,对尼日利亚的放牧和农业活动进行有效管理。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Archives of Business Administration and Management
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