Sumit Agarwal, Peiying Huang, Chenxi Luo, Y. Qin, Changwei Zhan
Lockdown policy and case disclosure during the COVID-19 pandemic can influence human behavior and health outcomes. We investigate how individuals' daily dietary patterns were affected by the lockdown policy and the case disclosure in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a large dataset from a Singapore-based food delivery platform, we find that people ate less healthily during the lockdown period caused by COVID-19. Specifically, the probability of vegetable ordering dropped by 15.4%, barbecue/fried food ordering probability increased by 10.8%, and beverage ordering probability increased by 3.9% relative to the pre-lockdown period. The effects were persistent even after the lockdown was lifted. Besides, a higher number of disclosed COVID-19 cases is also associated with unhealthier eating habits. The results suggest that individuals and governments need to pay close attention to eating habits and mental health during and after the pandemic.
{"title":"Appendix to 'Assessment of Online Food Ordering and Delivery in Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic'","authors":"Sumit Agarwal, Peiying Huang, Chenxi Luo, Y. Qin, Changwei Zhan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3848631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3848631","url":null,"abstract":"Lockdown policy and case disclosure during the COVID-19 pandemic can influence human behavior and health outcomes. We investigate how individuals' daily dietary patterns were affected by the lockdown policy and the case disclosure in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a large dataset from a Singapore-based food delivery platform, we find that people ate less healthily during the lockdown period caused by COVID-19. Specifically, the probability of vegetable ordering dropped by 15.4%, barbecue/fried food ordering probability increased by 10.8%, and beverage ordering probability increased by 3.9% relative to the pre-lockdown period. The effects were persistent even after the lockdown was lifted. Besides, a higher number of disclosed COVID-19 cases is also associated with unhealthier eating habits. The results suggest that individuals and governments need to pay close attention to eating habits and mental health during and after the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":413982,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Health (Topic)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114724011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katharina Huesmann, Christian Waibel, Daniel Wiesen
A key objective of relative performance rankings in healthcare organizations is to motivate physicians to improve the quality of care. Causal evidence regarding the effect of rankings and their design on the effort of physicians, however, is still lacking. We study different ranking schemes varying in the granularity with which they assign ranks to quality outcomes. Using an illustrative model accounting for the physicians' ability, altruism, and status concerns, we derive behavioral predictions regarding the effect of these rankings on the effort physicians choose to make. We test these predictions in a lab-in-the-field experiment with medical students. Overall, rankings motivate them to increase their efforts. Some rankings, however, also decrease efforts when compared to a non-ranking baseline. In line with theory, physicians' efforts increase with the granularity of quality outcomes achievable given a physician's ability, and decrease with the granularity of non-achievable quality outcomes. Our results are consistent with the existence of salience effects.
{"title":"Rankings in Healthcare Organizations","authors":"Katharina Huesmann, Christian Waibel, Daniel Wiesen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3690851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3690851","url":null,"abstract":"A key objective of relative performance rankings in healthcare organizations is to motivate physicians to improve the quality of care. Causal evidence regarding the effect of rankings and their design on the effort of physicians, however, is still lacking. We study different ranking schemes varying in the granularity with which they assign ranks to quality outcomes. Using an illustrative model accounting for the physicians' ability, altruism, and status concerns, we derive behavioral predictions regarding the effect of these rankings on the effort physicians choose to make. We test these predictions in a lab-in-the-field experiment with medical students. Overall, rankings motivate them to increase their efforts. Some rankings, however, also decrease efforts when compared to a non-ranking baseline. In line with theory, physicians' efforts increase with the granularity of quality outcomes achievable given a physician's ability, and decrease with the granularity of non-achievable quality outcomes. Our results are consistent with the existence of salience effects.","PeriodicalId":413982,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Health (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125360456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article considers injuries related to crushing and methods of prevention and minimisation of such injuries, particularly from the perspective of plant operations, where a crush injury occurs when the body or a body part is trapped, pinched or jammed under or between objects (Victoria State Government., 2020). A safe system of work, underpinned by worker awareness, should be implemented and maintained in all load shifting operations in order to minimise or prevent crush injury risks. Employers and workers should participate in inductions, safety meetings and consultation activities to ensure that they are aware of best practices to control crush hazards.
{"title":"Crush Injury Risk Awareness, Prevention and Minimisation in Load Shifting Operations","authors":"Richard Skiba","doi":"10.22158/sshsr.v1n2p79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/sshsr.v1n2p79","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers injuries related to crushing and methods of prevention and minimisation of such injuries, particularly from the perspective of plant operations, where a crush injury occurs when the body or a body part is trapped, pinched or jammed under or between objects (Victoria State Government., 2020). A safe system of work, underpinned by worker awareness, should be implemented and maintained in all load shifting operations in order to minimise or prevent crush injury risks. Employers and workers should participate in inductions, safety meetings and consultation activities to ensure that they are aware of best practices to control crush hazards.","PeriodicalId":413982,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Health (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125832679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eua-apha Harnvanich, S. Wanichwecharungruang, A. Chandrachai, P. Asawanonda
Thailand is well known for biodiversity of herbs which has been used for traditional medicine and cosmetics since ancient time. Recently, Thai government has launched the National Master Plan for Herbs to enhance the usage of their extracts as they are very interesting as active ingredients in cosmetics. However, some herbal extracts have drawbacks e.g. low water solubility and unstable in the environment leading to limitation of their use. Encapsulation technology has been widely applied to overcome the mentioned problems. A New Product Development (NPD) concept is adopted to develop a new herbal skincare product. The objective of this study is to evaluate market potential for the skincare through a NPD process defined in this study. New ideas were generated and screened. As a result, extract from mangosteen’s pericarp has been selected for suncare product development. Market potential for the new product and factors affecting willingness to buy the new product has been investigated.
{"title":"Market Potential Evaluation for Local Herbal Extracts Used in Skincare Through the New Product Development Process","authors":"Eua-apha Harnvanich, S. Wanichwecharungruang, A. Chandrachai, P. Asawanonda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3898577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3898577","url":null,"abstract":"Thailand is well known for biodiversity of herbs which has been used for traditional medicine and cosmetics since ancient time. Recently, Thai government has launched the National Master Plan for Herbs to enhance the usage of their extracts as they are very interesting as active ingredients in cosmetics. However, some herbal extracts have drawbacks e.g. low water solubility and unstable in the environment leading to limitation of their use. Encapsulation technology has been widely applied to overcome the mentioned problems. A New Product Development (NPD) concept is adopted to develop a new herbal skincare product. The objective of this study is to evaluate market potential for the skincare through a NPD process defined in this study. New ideas were generated and screened. As a result, extract from mangosteen’s pericarp has been selected for suncare product development. Market potential for the new product and factors affecting willingness to buy the new product has been investigated.","PeriodicalId":413982,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Health (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116215202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kraig Delana, S. Deo, Kamalini Ramdas, G. B. Subburaman, Thulasiraj D Ravilla
Telemedicine is increasingly used across the developing world to expand access to healthcare, to improve outcomes, and to reduce costs. One common model is that of telemedicine centers, which are small primary care facilities run by midlevel (nonphysician) providers who conduct a preliminary examination and then facilitate a telemedicine visit with a remote physician in real time. However, the impact of this channel of care delivery—particularly on existing physical healthcare-delivery channels—has not been thoroughly examined. We use data from one of the largest tele-ophthalmology implementations in the world to examine this issue. Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, we find that opening a nearby telemedicine center generates a 31% increase in the overall network visit rate from the population within 10 km of the new center, 62% of which is driven by new patients, suggesting a substantial increase in access. The rate of eyeglasses prescriptions to correct for simple refractive errors increases by 18.5%, whereas the rate of cataract surgery to replace the natural lens in a patient’s eye with an artificial lens remains unchanged. The increase in access and treatment rates does not significantly impact the direct costs incurred by patients, but reduces their indirect costs (measured as travel distance) by 30% (12 km). Finally, we find significant spatial heterogeneity in these effects, which vary with the distance of patients to facilities. These results have important implications for the design of telemedicine networks and the portfolio of healthcare services provided through them. This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management.
{"title":"Multichannel Delivery in Healthcare: The Impact of Telemedicine Centers in Southern India","authors":"Kraig Delana, S. Deo, Kamalini Ramdas, G. B. Subburaman, Thulasiraj D Ravilla","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3505318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3505318","url":null,"abstract":"Telemedicine is increasingly used across the developing world to expand access to healthcare, to improve outcomes, and to reduce costs. One common model is that of telemedicine centers, which are small primary care facilities run by midlevel (nonphysician) providers who conduct a preliminary examination and then facilitate a telemedicine visit with a remote physician in real time. However, the impact of this channel of care delivery—particularly on existing physical healthcare-delivery channels—has not been thoroughly examined. We use data from one of the largest tele-ophthalmology implementations in the world to examine this issue. Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, we find that opening a nearby telemedicine center generates a 31% increase in the overall network visit rate from the population within 10 km of the new center, 62% of which is driven by new patients, suggesting a substantial increase in access. The rate of eyeglasses prescriptions to correct for simple refractive errors increases by 18.5%, whereas the rate of cataract surgery to replace the natural lens in a patient’s eye with an artificial lens remains unchanged. The increase in access and treatment rates does not significantly impact the direct costs incurred by patients, but reduces their indirect costs (measured as travel distance) by 30% (12 km). Finally, we find significant spatial heterogeneity in these effects, which vary with the distance of patients to facilities. These results have important implications for the design of telemedicine networks and the portfolio of healthcare services provided through them. This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management.","PeriodicalId":413982,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Health (Topic)","volume":"38 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122453187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the relationship between individuals' weight and their employment decisions over the life cycle. I estimate a dynamic stochastic model of individuals' annual joint decisions of occupation, hours worked, and schooling. The model allows body weight to affect non-monetary costs, switching costs, and distribution of wages for each occupation; and also allows individuals' employment decisions to affect body weight. I use conditional density estimation to formulate the distributions of wages and body weight evolution. I find that heavier individuals face higher switching costs when transitioning into white collar occupations, earn lower returns to experience in white-collar occupations, and earn lower wages in socially intensive jobs. Simulating the model with estimated parameters, decreased occupational mobility accounts for 10 percent of the obesity wage gap. While contemporaneous wage penalties for body weight are small, the cost over the life cycle is substantial. An exogenous increase in initial body mass by 20 percent leads to a 10 percent decrease in wages over the life course.
{"title":"The Impact of Body Weight on Occupational Mobility and Career Development","authors":"M. Harris","doi":"10.1111/iere.12364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iere.12364","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the relationship between individuals' weight and their employment decisions over the life cycle. I estimate a dynamic stochastic model of individuals' annual joint decisions of occupation, hours worked, and schooling. The model allows body weight to affect non-monetary costs, switching costs, and distribution of wages for each occupation; and also allows individuals' employment decisions to affect body weight. I use conditional density estimation to formulate the distributions of wages and body weight evolution. I find that heavier individuals face higher switching costs when transitioning into white collar occupations, earn lower returns to experience in white-collar occupations, and earn lower wages in socially intensive jobs. Simulating the model with estimated parameters, decreased occupational mobility accounts for 10 percent of the obesity wage gap. While contemporaneous wage penalties for body weight are small, the cost over the life cycle is substantial. An exogenous increase in initial body mass by 20 percent leads to a 10 percent decrease in wages over the life course.","PeriodicalId":413982,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Health (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120669797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wealthier individuals engage in healthier behavior. This paper seeks to explain this phenomenon by developing a theory of health behavior, and exploiting both lottery winnings and inheritances to test the theory. We distinguish between the direct monetary cost and the indirect health cost (value of health lost) of unhealthy consumption. The health cost increases with wealth and the degree of unhealthiness, leading wealthier individuals to consume more healthy and moderately unhealthy, but fewer severely unhealthy goods. The empirical evidence presented suggests that differences in health costs may indeed provide an explanation for behavioral differences, and ultimately health outcomes, between wealth groups.
{"title":"Why the Rich Drink More But Smoke Less: The Impact of Wealth on Health","authors":"H. van Kippersluis, T. Galama","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2226871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2226871","url":null,"abstract":"Wealthier individuals engage in healthier behavior. This paper seeks to explain this phenomenon by developing a theory of health behavior, and exploiting both lottery winnings and inheritances to test the theory. We distinguish between the direct monetary cost and the indirect health cost (value of health lost) of unhealthy consumption. The health cost increases with wealth and the degree of unhealthiness, leading wealthier individuals to consume more healthy and moderately unhealthy, but fewer severely unhealthy goods. The empirical evidence presented suggests that differences in health costs may indeed provide an explanation for behavioral differences, and ultimately health outcomes, between wealth groups.","PeriodicalId":413982,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Health (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116464660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liza von Grafenstein, Abhijeet Kumar, Santosh Kumar, Sandra Jeanne Vollmer
Long-term follow-up of early childhood health interventions is important for human capital accumulation. We provide experimental evidence on child health and human capital outcomes from the longer-term follow-up of a school-based nutrition intervention in India. Using panel data, we examine the effectiveness of the use of iron and iodine fortified salt in school lunches to reduce anemia among school children. After four years of treatment, treated children, on average, have higher hemoglobin levels and a lower likelihood of anemia relative to the control group. Interestingly, the intervention did not have any impact on cognitive and educational outcomes.
{"title":"Impacts of Double-Fortified Salt on Anemia and Cognition: Four-Year Follow-Up Evidence from a School-Based Nutrition Intervention in India","authors":"Liza von Grafenstein, Abhijeet Kumar, Santosh Kumar, Sandra Jeanne Vollmer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3905062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3905062","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term follow-up of early childhood health interventions is important for human capital accumulation. We provide experimental evidence on child health and human capital outcomes from the longer-term follow-up of a school-based nutrition intervention in India. Using panel data, we examine the effectiveness of the use of iron and iodine fortified salt in school lunches to reduce anemia among school children. After four years of treatment, treated children, on average, have higher hemoglobin levels and a lower likelihood of anemia relative to the control group. Interestingly, the intervention did not have any impact on cognitive and educational outcomes.","PeriodicalId":413982,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Health (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126882791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.38177/ajbsr.2020.2306
Dr.Vidhya Arumugam
The literature search for articles written in the English language in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar database by using MeSH terms Atlas methods, charts for age estimation, Schematic representation for age estimation. Age estimation plays an important role in forensic medicine, clinical dentistry, pediatric endocrinology, and archaeology. Age estimation is of wider importance in forensic medicine, not only for the purpose of identifying deceased victims but also in connection with crimes and accidents. Estimation of age by examining the living or skeletal and cadavers remains of an individual or population group has been a conventional primary identification process over the years. In mass disaster situations, the need for an accurate, reliable, cheap, fast and easy-to-use method is imperative for the victim identification process, especially when the lack of personnel or resources dictates the help of untrained volunteers. In these cases, using a comparison method in the form of an Atlas or a chart diagram or Atlas software with the radiograph of developing teeth that would give an estimate of chronological age would be ideal. Hereby it explains the broad view of Atlas methods used for age estimation.
{"title":"Different Dental Aging Charts or Atlas Methods Used for Age Estimation– A Review","authors":"Dr.Vidhya Arumugam","doi":"10.38177/ajbsr.2020.2306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38177/ajbsr.2020.2306","url":null,"abstract":"The literature search for articles written in the English language in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar database by using MeSH terms Atlas methods, charts for age estimation, Schematic representation for age estimation. Age estimation plays an important role in forensic medicine, clinical dentistry, pediatric endocrinology, and archaeology. Age estimation is of wider importance in forensic medicine, not only for the purpose of identifying deceased victims but also in connection with crimes and accidents. Estimation of age by examining the living or skeletal and cadavers remains of an individual or population group has been a conventional primary identification process over the years. In mass disaster situations, the need for an accurate, reliable, cheap, fast and easy-to-use method is imperative for the victim identification process, especially when the lack of personnel or resources dictates the help of untrained volunteers. In these cases, using a comparison method in the form of an Atlas or a chart diagram or Atlas software with the radiograph of developing teeth that would give an estimate of chronological age would be ideal. Hereby it explains the broad view of Atlas methods used for age estimation.","PeriodicalId":413982,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Health (Topic)","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133611679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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