Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758975
Xiaoyu Zhu, Tengfei Guo, Pengyu Jia
SRC-LLC resonant converter has attracted much attention due to its simple circuit structure and easy realization of soft-switching. To get a better efficiency performance, rectifier stage can be realized by active switches instead of the diodes. With different modulation control strategy, the converter will show variety kinds of gain features. This paper will make a research on the gain features of the SRC-LLC converter with both variable frequency (VF) and phase shifted (PS) control. For the consideration of simple control, only single phase shifted (SPS) control is applied. Different from the common modeling method with the Fundamental Harmonic Approximation (FHA), the accurate time-domain model is investigated. At last, the theoretical results are verified by both the simulation and the experiment results.
{"title":"Time-Domain Model of the SRC-LLC Resonant Converter with Variable Frequency and Single Phase Shifted Control","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhu, Tengfei Guo, Pengyu Jia","doi":"10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758975","url":null,"abstract":"SRC-LLC resonant converter has attracted much attention due to its simple circuit structure and easy realization of soft-switching. To get a better efficiency performance, rectifier stage can be realized by active switches instead of the diodes. With different modulation control strategy, the converter will show variety kinds of gain features. This paper will make a research on the gain features of the SRC-LLC converter with both variable frequency (VF) and phase shifted (PS) control. For the consideration of simple control, only single phase shifted (SPS) control is applied. Different from the common modeling method with the Fundamental Harmonic Approximation (FHA), the accurate time-domain model is investigated. At last, the theoretical results are verified by both the simulation and the experiment results.","PeriodicalId":414111,"journal":{"name":"2022 5th International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133419248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758983
Asif Gulraiz, Bilal Nadeem, Rayah Zahid, Zoya Gul, Saad Junaid, S. Zaidi
Conventional Power generators provides various services in addition to the power generation to ensure secure operation of power system without any disturbances, these facilities are called ancillary services. Providing voltage stability, frequency control and black start capability are the basic services provided by conventional power system as a part of ancillary services. This paper provides an overview about how distributed generation can be used with all the functionalities provided by conventional power system. It covers analysis of IEEE 30 bus modified power system in the presence of distributed generation at different penetration levels. Voltage profiles at different penetration levels from Wind and Solar are tested on 30 bus system, in addition impact of different bus faults are tested while having renewables in the power system.
{"title":"Micro Grid Implementation and its Requirement Providing Ancillary Services to the Power System","authors":"Asif Gulraiz, Bilal Nadeem, Rayah Zahid, Zoya Gul, Saad Junaid, S. Zaidi","doi":"10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758983","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional Power generators provides various services in addition to the power generation to ensure secure operation of power system without any disturbances, these facilities are called ancillary services. Providing voltage stability, frequency control and black start capability are the basic services provided by conventional power system as a part of ancillary services. This paper provides an overview about how distributed generation can be used with all the functionalities provided by conventional power system. It covers analysis of IEEE 30 bus modified power system in the presence of distributed generation at different penetration levels. Voltage profiles at different penetration levels from Wind and Solar are tested on 30 bus system, in addition impact of different bus faults are tested while having renewables in the power system.","PeriodicalId":414111,"journal":{"name":"2022 5th International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125075431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758962
Hamza Bashir, Ammara Yaqoob, Iqra Jawaid, Waqas Khalid, M. Y. Javed, Wajahat Sultan
Electric Vehicle (EV) technology has groomed the automotive industry and is becoming a more reliable source of mass transit. These battery-based vehicles are performing extraordinarily in developing pollution-free environment and better ecological surroundings. Battery Management System (BMS) is the backbone of the EVs that can undoubtedly increase the performance, operation, safety and lifetime of a vehicle’s battery or storage system. Li-ion batteries are performing outclass to provide a more sophisticated storage system for EVs. They have better characteristics than lead-acid or other types of batteries, hence being highly utilized in EV applications. This paper presents the comprehensive review of the BMS for the EV’s. It gives a detailed overview of the Battery Management System (BMS) for the EVs and detailed study of important aspects which comes under consideration during management of batteries. It further provides key factors and extrinsic issues e.g., battery modeling, state estimations and validation profiles etc. which are troubling in the proper and safe operation of the batteries in EV’s, and the algorithms and schemes designed and proposed for their betterment are presented.
{"title":"A Review of Battery Management System and Modern State Estimation Approaches in Lithiumion Batteries for Electric Vehicle","authors":"Hamza Bashir, Ammara Yaqoob, Iqra Jawaid, Waqas Khalid, M. Y. Javed, Wajahat Sultan","doi":"10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758962","url":null,"abstract":"Electric Vehicle (EV) technology has groomed the automotive industry and is becoming a more reliable source of mass transit. These battery-based vehicles are performing extraordinarily in developing pollution-free environment and better ecological surroundings. Battery Management System (BMS) is the backbone of the EVs that can undoubtedly increase the performance, operation, safety and lifetime of a vehicle’s battery or storage system. Li-ion batteries are performing outclass to provide a more sophisticated storage system for EVs. They have better characteristics than lead-acid or other types of batteries, hence being highly utilized in EV applications. This paper presents the comprehensive review of the BMS for the EV’s. It gives a detailed overview of the Battery Management System (BMS) for the EVs and detailed study of important aspects which comes under consideration during management of batteries. It further provides key factors and extrinsic issues e.g., battery modeling, state estimations and validation profiles etc. which are troubling in the proper and safe operation of the batteries in EV’s, and the algorithms and schemes designed and proposed for their betterment are presented.","PeriodicalId":414111,"journal":{"name":"2022 5th International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130817184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758966
M. Riaz, Wajahat Saleem Hashmi, Saeed Ahmad, Sabir Husnain, H. Mujtaba, Haider Ali, S. Atiq, Muhammad Mustafa Qureshi
The demand for power supply is increasing day by day to fulfill the energy consumption of people. Renewable and non-renewable energy resources are used for power generation. In thermal units of power generation, the important thing is that efficient operational policies are required in these units, as increasing the power generating units is not only the solution to meet the load demands but essential to optimize the existing generating units effectively. Economic dispatch (ED) generating units are operating economically to fulfill the load demand and losses along with different practical constraints. In order to overcome the non-linear complex problems in power economic dispatch of thermal generating units, an advanced modified Levi Flight Firefly Algorithm (MLFA) is employed on various IEEE standard test systems for validation. The proposed technique/algorithm has been applied on 6, 13, 15, and 20 unit test systems considering various system constraints including valve loading effect, upper and lower limits, transmission losses, etc. In this research, an objective function is formulated on the flashing behavior of fireflies which optimizes the problems. The MATLAB software is used for the implementation of this algorithm. In the end, statistical results are compared with other existing algorithms which revealed that the solution is effectively converged, and the cost is less as compared to other algorithms.
{"title":"Design of Optimization Methodology for Economic Dispatch of Thermal Generating Units","authors":"M. Riaz, Wajahat Saleem Hashmi, Saeed Ahmad, Sabir Husnain, H. Mujtaba, Haider Ali, S. Atiq, Muhammad Mustafa Qureshi","doi":"10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758966","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for power supply is increasing day by day to fulfill the energy consumption of people. Renewable and non-renewable energy resources are used for power generation. In thermal units of power generation, the important thing is that efficient operational policies are required in these units, as increasing the power generating units is not only the solution to meet the load demands but essential to optimize the existing generating units effectively. Economic dispatch (ED) generating units are operating economically to fulfill the load demand and losses along with different practical constraints. In order to overcome the non-linear complex problems in power economic dispatch of thermal generating units, an advanced modified Levi Flight Firefly Algorithm (MLFA) is employed on various IEEE standard test systems for validation. The proposed technique/algorithm has been applied on 6, 13, 15, and 20 unit test systems considering various system constraints including valve loading effect, upper and lower limits, transmission losses, etc. In this research, an objective function is formulated on the flashing behavior of fireflies which optimizes the problems. The MATLAB software is used for the implementation of this algorithm. In the end, statistical results are compared with other existing algorithms which revealed that the solution is effectively converged, and the cost is less as compared to other algorithms.","PeriodicalId":414111,"journal":{"name":"2022 5th International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134121357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758955
Rana Asad Ali, Muhammed Hamza Latif, Muhammad Usman
With the growing share of electric vehicles (EV) in the market, the carbon footprint contributed by the automotive sector that is accounted for around one-quarter of the total, can be lessened. Nowadays, these cars are mainly being charged by plug-in conductive technology which bridges the gap of transition from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to EV. However, at the same time, it poses the challenges of nonexistence of reliability, robustness and safety for the users which could be solved by adopting wireless power transfer technology (WPTT). Inductive power transfer system (IPTS) implements WPTT infrastructure for EV charging whose efficiency mainly dependent on coil design. Therefore, this review paper aims to summarize nine magnetic pads such as: Circular (CP), Solenoid (SP), Double-D (DDP), Double-D Circular (DDC), Double-D Quadrature (DDQP), Quad-D Quadrature (QDQ), Bipolar (BP), Tripolar (TPP) and Triple Quadrature (TQP). It enlists the overview of their classification, important parameters, flux patterns, guidelines of standardization bodies, design of coils, advantages, magnetic coupling coefficient (MCC), coordination with other pads, evaluation of these pads based on performance parameters, cost, drawbacks, applications, operation under misalignment, leakage flux and their power transfer capability. Moreover, the comparison table of above-mentioned pads not only highlights their key features but also their limitations which can be beneficial for future research work.
{"title":"Existing Coil Topologies for Inductive Power Transfer in EV Charging: A Review","authors":"Rana Asad Ali, Muhammed Hamza Latif, Muhammad Usman","doi":"10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758955","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing share of electric vehicles (EV) in the market, the carbon footprint contributed by the automotive sector that is accounted for around one-quarter of the total, can be lessened. Nowadays, these cars are mainly being charged by plug-in conductive technology which bridges the gap of transition from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to EV. However, at the same time, it poses the challenges of nonexistence of reliability, robustness and safety for the users which could be solved by adopting wireless power transfer technology (WPTT). Inductive power transfer system (IPTS) implements WPTT infrastructure for EV charging whose efficiency mainly dependent on coil design. Therefore, this review paper aims to summarize nine magnetic pads such as: Circular (CP), Solenoid (SP), Double-D (DDP), Double-D Circular (DDC), Double-D Quadrature (DDQP), Quad-D Quadrature (QDQ), Bipolar (BP), Tripolar (TPP) and Triple Quadrature (TQP). It enlists the overview of their classification, important parameters, flux patterns, guidelines of standardization bodies, design of coils, advantages, magnetic coupling coefficient (MCC), coordination with other pads, evaluation of these pads based on performance parameters, cost, drawbacks, applications, operation under misalignment, leakage flux and their power transfer capability. Moreover, the comparison table of above-mentioned pads not only highlights their key features but also their limitations which can be beneficial for future research work.","PeriodicalId":414111,"journal":{"name":"2022 5th International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114213594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758954
M. Usman, A. Munir, Furqan Asghar, M. Latif, Rana Asad Ali
With the depletion of natural energy resources, the installation of a Photovoltaic (PV) system is the most well-known and implementable technique of sustainable power generation. Integration of PV in the energy system tends to improve the energy mix while catering for the demand and supply gap. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-7) of the United Nations focuses on achieving affordable and clean energy via the integration of Renewable Energy (RE) sources. The academic institutes form a major load centers for the consumption of electrical energy. These institutes are rigorously working to achieve the SDG-7 by offsetting the conventional thermal energy generation by RE generation. This study conducted focuses on the design, performance and economic analysis of a 40kWp grid-tied PV system installed on the rooftop of ICT building in the vicinity of the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The system is simulated on the PVGIS (Photovoltaic Geographical Information System) tool by European Union. The grid-tied system is connected in a ring-main system which enables other departments to utilize surplus energy production. The installed system is analyzed for the span of six months from March 2020 to August 2020. The simulation and actual results are compared to evaluate the performance ratio of the system. The installed system is validated on-site for performance using string analyzers and thermal imagers. This integration of renewable energy in the University will help reduce the overall annual energy bill of the university. The economic analysis reveals an average energy cost of 3.125 Rs/kWh from the system. During the study span, the system is estimated to save over 19.34 tons of CO2. In addition to this, the net present value (NPV) calculated is positive which depicts the feasibility of the installed system. The internal rate of return (IRR) is found to be 19.25% with the breakeven point reaching just after 3.05 years i.e., in the year 2023. This RE integration complies directly with the sub goal 7.2 of the SDG 7 and sets a way forward for the future implementation of SDGs in academic institutes.
{"title":"Achieving Sustainability in the Academic Institutes of Pakistan: A Techno-economic Analysis of 40 kWp Rooftop Photovoltaic Grid-tied System at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad","authors":"M. Usman, A. Munir, Furqan Asghar, M. Latif, Rana Asad Ali","doi":"10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758954","url":null,"abstract":"With the depletion of natural energy resources, the installation of a Photovoltaic (PV) system is the most well-known and implementable technique of sustainable power generation. Integration of PV in the energy system tends to improve the energy mix while catering for the demand and supply gap. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-7) of the United Nations focuses on achieving affordable and clean energy via the integration of Renewable Energy (RE) sources. The academic institutes form a major load centers for the consumption of electrical energy. These institutes are rigorously working to achieve the SDG-7 by offsetting the conventional thermal energy generation by RE generation. This study conducted focuses on the design, performance and economic analysis of a 40kWp grid-tied PV system installed on the rooftop of ICT building in the vicinity of the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The system is simulated on the PVGIS (Photovoltaic Geographical Information System) tool by European Union. The grid-tied system is connected in a ring-main system which enables other departments to utilize surplus energy production. The installed system is analyzed for the span of six months from March 2020 to August 2020. The simulation and actual results are compared to evaluate the performance ratio of the system. The installed system is validated on-site for performance using string analyzers and thermal imagers. This integration of renewable energy in the University will help reduce the overall annual energy bill of the university. The economic analysis reveals an average energy cost of 3.125 Rs/kWh from the system. During the study span, the system is estimated to save over 19.34 tons of CO2. In addition to this, the net present value (NPV) calculated is positive which depicts the feasibility of the installed system. The internal rate of return (IRR) is found to be 19.25% with the breakeven point reaching just after 3.05 years i.e., in the year 2023. This RE integration complies directly with the sub goal 7.2 of the SDG 7 and sets a way forward for the future implementation of SDGs in academic institutes.","PeriodicalId":414111,"journal":{"name":"2022 5th International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121750326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758968
Usman Mussadiq, Tasleem Kausar, Saeed Ahmed, S. Kim
The population growth, rising energy demand, economic drain, and carbon emissions result in the massive infiltration of renewable energy resources (RER) at consumption. The active users that produce and consume energy are termed as prosumers. However, the use of RER without energy storage systems (ESS) is not practical due to intermittent and uncertain supply. To this end, this paper investigates the impact of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in terms of a lifetime, and ESS cost to share and manage the energy within the prosumer community. For HESS, a parallel combination of ultra-capacitors (UC) and lead-acid batteries are used at the prosumer end along with the central storage unit (CSU) to maintain the state of charge (SOC) within the safe limits. The power transients are managed by UC which ultimately improves the battery life. Simulation results show there are 36% and 37.5% HESS-based cost reductions for prosumer-1 and prosumer-2, respectively.
{"title":"A Hybrid Storage System for Energy Sharing and Management within Prosumers’ Community","authors":"Usman Mussadiq, Tasleem Kausar, Saeed Ahmed, S. Kim","doi":"10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECE54634.2022.9758968","url":null,"abstract":"The population growth, rising energy demand, economic drain, and carbon emissions result in the massive infiltration of renewable energy resources (RER) at consumption. The active users that produce and consume energy are termed as prosumers. However, the use of RER without energy storage systems (ESS) is not practical due to intermittent and uncertain supply. To this end, this paper investigates the impact of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in terms of a lifetime, and ESS cost to share and manage the energy within the prosumer community. For HESS, a parallel combination of ultra-capacitors (UC) and lead-acid batteries are used at the prosumer end along with the central storage unit (CSU) to maintain the state of charge (SOC) within the safe limits. The power transients are managed by UC which ultimately improves the battery life. Simulation results show there are 36% and 37.5% HESS-based cost reductions for prosumer-1 and prosumer-2, respectively.","PeriodicalId":414111,"journal":{"name":"2022 5th International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114978241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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