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5. Standardisation, exemplars, and the Auchinleck manuscript 5. 标准化,范例,和奥金莱克手稿
Pub Date : 2020-09-07 DOI: 10.1515/9783110687545-006
Jacob Thaisen
Samuels’ 1963-article “Some applications of Middle English dialectology” situated the first steps in the formation of present-day Standard English in fourteenthand fifteenth-century London, the home of three of his four incipient standards. The orthographic forms respectively selected by Scribes 1 and 3 of the Auchinleck manuscript, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, MS Advocates’ 19.2.1, dated c. 1330–40, exemplify the earliest of the London-based types, Type II. This type dies out suddenly c. 1380 and is replaced by Type III, which in turn is equally suddenly replaced by Type IV half a century or so later. Samuels’ four types have been influential; for example, Kane and Donaldson (1975) explicitly selected Cambridge University Library, MS B.15.17 as the base text for their edition of the B version of Piers Plowman on the grounds that it is written in Type III. The types have come under fire in recent years but they continue to prove resilient despite the complete absence of contributions countering the criticisms. For example, the types are unconditionally accepted in a textbook on manuscript studies focusing on the late Middle English period (Kerby-Fulton et al 2012: 67), go entirely unquestioned in a widely used undergraduate linguistics textbook (Horobin and Smith 2002), and are reproduced in as many as three of the fifteen chapters in a recent handbook on Middle English (Brinton and Bergs 2017), including in the chapter specifically devoted to standardisation. It is time to lay the types to rest. To fulfill this goal, this paper adds to the criticisms by questioning the basis for Type II. What follows details my methodology for orthographic analysis, which is able to discriminate the six scribes of the Auchinleck manuscript and the hands who produced the immediate exemplars. Relating how the exemplar hands are distributed to the manuscript’s codicology strongly suggests the exemplars were obtained from local sources which also produced them. A later section discusses orthographic standardisation because there is evidence that the orthographic forms selected by Scribes 1 and 3 are no more similar than the forms selected by the manuscript’s other scribes, contrary to what would be expected of a standard even at a very early stage in its formation. The final section summarises.
塞缪尔在1963年发表的文章《中古英语方言的一些应用》中指出,14、15世纪的伦敦是现代标准英语形成的第一步,他的四种早期标准中有三种是在伦敦诞生的。抄写员1和抄写员3分别从爱丁堡苏格兰国家图书馆的Auchinleck手稿中选择的正字法形式,MS Advocates ' 19.2.1,日期约为1330-40年,是伦敦最早的类型II的例证。这种类型在1380年突然灭绝,被III型所取代,而在大约半个世纪后,III型又同样突然被IV型所取代。塞缪尔的四种类型一直很有影响力;例如,Kane和Donaldson(1975)明确选择了Cambridge University Library, MS B.15.17作为他们版本的B版《Piers Plowman》的基础文本,理由是它是以III型书写的。近年来,这种类型受到了抨击,但尽管完全没有对批评做出回应,它们仍然证明了自己的弹性。例如,这些类型在一本专注于中世纪英语晚期手稿研究的教科书中被无条件接受(Kerby-Fulton et al 2012: 67),在一本广泛使用的本科语言学教科书(Horobin and Smith 2002)中完全没有受到质疑,并且在最近的一本中世纪英语手册(Brinton and Bergs 2017)的15章中有多达3章转载了这些类型,包括专门用于标准化的章节。是时候让这些类型安息了。为了实现这一目标,本文通过质疑第二类的基础来增加批评。下面详细介绍了我的正字法分析方法,它能够区分奥金莱克手稿的六位抄写员和制作直接范例的人。将样本手如何分布到手稿的法典学中,强烈表明样本是从当地来源获得的,这些来源也生产了它们。后面的部分讨论了正字法的标准化,因为有证据表明,抄写员1和3选择的正字法形式与手稿中其他抄写员选择的形式并不相似,这与人们对标准的期望相反,即使是在其形成的早期阶段。最后一节总结。
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引用次数: 4
13. More sugar and spice: Revisiting medieval Italian influence on the mercantile lexis of England 13. 更多的糖和香料:重温中世纪意大利对英格兰商业词汇的影响
Pub Date : 2020-09-07 DOI: 10.1515/9783110687545-014
M. Tiddeman
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引用次数: 0
15. Communities of practice, proto-standardisation and spelling focusing in the Stonor letters 15. 实践社区,标准化原型和拼写集中在斯通字母
Pub Date : 2020-09-07 DOI: 10.1515/9783110687545-016
J. C. Conde-Silvestre
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引用次数: 1
2. The ‘vernacularisation’ and ‘standardisation’ of local administrative writing in late and post-medieval England 2. 中世纪晚期及后英格兰地方行政文书的“白话化”与“标准化”
Pub Date : 2020-09-07 DOI: 10.1515/9783110687545-003
Merja Stenroos
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引用次数: 14
16. A comparison of some French and English nominal suffixes in early English correspondence (1420–1681) 16. 早期英语书信中一些法语和英语名义后缀的比较(1420-1681)
Pub Date : 2020-09-07 DOI: 10.1515/9783110687545-017
Jesús Romero-Barranco
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引用次数: 2
3. The linguistic character of manuscripts attributed to the Beryn Scribe: A comparative study 3.贝林抄写员手稿的语言特征:比较研究
Pub Date : 2020-09-07 DOI: 10.1515/9783110687545-004
María José Carrillo-Linares, Keith Williamson
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引用次数: 0
9. Abbreviations and standardisation in the Polychronicon: Latin to English and manuscript to print 9. 《多年表》中的缩略语和标准化:拉丁语到英语和手稿印刷
Pub Date : 2020-09-07 DOI: 10.1515/9783110687545-010
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引用次数: 3
11. The relationship of borrowing from French and Latin in the Middle English period with the development of the lexicon of Standard English: Some observations and a lot of questions 11. 中古英语借用法语和拉丁语与标准英语词汇发展的关系:一些观察和许多问题
Pub Date : 2020-09-07 DOI: 10.1515/9783110687545-012
P. Durkin
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引用次数: 2
10. William Worcester’s Itineraria: mixed-language notes of a medieval traveller 10. 威廉·伍斯特的旅行记:中世纪旅行者的混合语言笔记
Pub Date : 2020-09-07 DOI: 10.1515/9783110687545-011
Herbert Schendl
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引用次数: 1
17. Textual standardisation of legal Scots vis a vis Latin 17. 苏格兰法律相对于拉丁语的文本标准化
Pub Date : 2020-09-07 DOI: 10.1515/9783110687545-018
J. Kopaczyk
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引用次数: 0
期刊
The Multilingual Origins of Standard English
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