Engineering judgment is an important component in most engineering decisions and is greatly influenced by the background in which it has been gained. A change in circumstances tends to invalidate it, requiring engineers to adapt themselves if they change from one working environment to another. In particular, the move from a developed economy to a Third World country calls for significant adjustments in decision-making. The potential impact of an indigenous culture on the professional practice of an alien engineer is reviewed to emphasize the need for discriminating and sensitive planning if engineering work is to be as effective as possible.
{"title":"Constraints on Engineering in Third World","authors":"D. Mansell","doi":"10.1061/EGISBD.0000513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/EGISBD.0000513","url":null,"abstract":"Engineering judgment is an important component in most engineering decisions and is greatly influenced by the background in which it has been gained. A change in circumstances tends to invalidate it, requiring engineers to adapt themselves if they change from one working environment to another. In particular, the move from a developed economy to a Third World country calls for significant adjustments in decision-making. The potential impact of an indigenous culture on the professional practice of an alien engineer is reviewed to emphasize the need for discriminating and sensitive planning if engineering work is to be as effective as possible.","PeriodicalId":414734,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Issues: Journal of Professional Activities","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134296478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum for “Identifying Your Client”","authors":"W. L. Grecco, T. A. Dames","doi":"10.1061/EGISBD.0000395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/EGISBD.0000395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414734,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Issues: Journal of Professional Activities","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126863970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion of \"Trends in P.E. License Renewal Requirements\"","authors":"John R. Christofferson","doi":"10.1061/EGISBD.0000381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/EGISBD.0000381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414734,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Issues: Journal of Professional Activities","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122278098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terzaghi's engagement on the Chicago Subway, 1939-1941, influenced his decision to take up permanent residence in the United States and had a strong impact on the development of applied soil mechanics. So-called squeeze tests, in which the settlements and subsurface movements were correlated with construction procedures, permitted improvements in construction methods and decreases in lost ground. Measurement of loads in bracing of open cuts led to better understanding of behavior of soft clay in undrained shear. Full-scale test sections provided basis for more economical design of permanent tunnel lining. All these activities evolved under Terzaghi's stimulation and in turn helped formulate his conceptions of the ways in which soil mechanics should be applied in practice.
{"title":"Karl Terzaghi and the Chicago Subway","authors":"R. Peck","doi":"10.1061/EGISBD.0000326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/EGISBD.0000326","url":null,"abstract":"Terzaghi's engagement on the Chicago Subway, 1939-1941, influenced his decision to take up permanent residence in the United States and had a strong impact on the development of applied soil mechanics. So-called squeeze tests, in which the settlements and subsurface movements were correlated with construction procedures, permitted improvements in construction methods and decreases in lost ground. Measurement of loads in bracing of open cuts led to better understanding of behavior of soft clay in undrained shear. Full-scale test sections provided basis for more economical design of permanent tunnel lining. All these activities evolved under Terzaghi's stimulation and in turn helped formulate his conceptions of the ways in which soil mechanics should be applied in practice.","PeriodicalId":414734,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Issues: Journal of Professional Activities","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129709761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An enlightened continuing education policy maintains an environment conducive to professional development. The successful application of such a policy requires a sharing of responsibility between the employer and his engineer employee. The individual must direct his own initiative and motivation toward professional advancement. The enlightened employer provides encouragement, resources, development opportunity, and recognition. Case studies describing the specifics of professional development support practiced by three organizations of modest size are presented. The essential elements of an effective policy are identified.
{"title":"Enlightened Employers' Continuing Education Policies","authors":"J. Klus, C. Wortley, Lowell Jackson","doi":"10.1061/EGISBD.0000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/EGISBD.0000320","url":null,"abstract":"An enlightened continuing education policy maintains an environment conducive to professional development. The successful application of such a policy requires a sharing of responsibility between the employer and his engineer employee. The individual must direct his own initiative and motivation toward professional advancement. The enlightened employer provides encouragement, resources, development opportunity, and recognition. Case studies describing the specifics of professional development support practiced by three organizations of modest size are presented. The essential elements of an effective policy are identified.","PeriodicalId":414734,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Issues: Journal of Professional Activities","volume":"6 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134580814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Citizen inputs are virtually prerequisite to community acceptance of public works projects. Succes in citizen participation—and thus public acceptance—rests entirely on the degree to which the citizens believe their inputs will have meaningful effect on resulting plans and decisions. An innovative process developed in Louisville, Ky., in response to these problems and pitfalls is described. The process was utilized in the planning of the upgrading of an existing, inadequate expressway. Over 2,000 citizens were involved in the process that began at the very start of the planning process and continued systematically throughout. Techniques employed were designed: (1) To give full opportunity for individuals and groups to articulate perceived needs, values, and priorities; and (2) to identify community-wide concerns and priorities—in other words, a general context—against individual and neighborhood needs which could be measured relative to the expressway planning program.
{"title":"Community Acceptance of Highway Corridor Development","authors":"D. Nunn","doi":"10.1061/EGISBD.0000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/EGISBD.0000312","url":null,"abstract":"Citizen inputs are virtually prerequisite to community acceptance of public works projects. Succes in citizen participation—and thus public acceptance—rests entirely on the degree to which the citizens believe their inputs will have meaningful effect on resulting plans and decisions. An innovative process developed in Louisville, Ky., in response to these problems and pitfalls is described. The process was utilized in the planning of the upgrading of an existing, inadequate expressway. Over 2,000 citizens were involved in the process that began at the very start of the planning process and continued systematically throughout. Techniques employed were designed: (1) To give full opportunity for individuals and groups to articulate perceived needs, values, and priorities; and (2) to identify community-wide concerns and priorities—in other words, a general context—against individual and neighborhood needs which could be measured relative to the expressway planning program.","PeriodicalId":414734,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Issues: Journal of Professional Activities","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121089576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-07-01DOI: 10.4324/9781315240305-16
E. Kemp, J. Hall
Despite considerable popular interest, an understanding of the structural behavior of such bridges is singularly lacking. Such an evaluation is attempted in this paper for the Burr Truss using the Barrackville Bridge as an outstanding example of this system. From the analysis it is clear that the most important structural characteristic of the Burr arch-truss system compared to a multiple King post truss is the stiffness and associated deflections. For long-span timber bridges, such as the Barrackville Bridge, the arch provides a necessary stiffening of the truss so that deflections resulting from live and dead loads and the effects of creep and shrinkage would be controlled to acceptable limits. This additional stiffening is achieved economically with only a 12% increase in dead load. The analytical results confirm the engineering merits of the Barrackville Bridge, whereas the structure itself testifies to the superb craftmanship employed in its construction. The bridge is an outstanding monument to both Theodore Burr and Lemuel Chenoweth, its builders.
{"title":"Case Study of Burr Truss Covered Bridge","authors":"E. Kemp, J. Hall","doi":"10.4324/9781315240305-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315240305-16","url":null,"abstract":"Despite considerable popular interest, an understanding of the structural behavior of such bridges is singularly lacking. Such an evaluation is attempted in this paper for the Burr Truss using the Barrackville Bridge as an outstanding example of this system. From the analysis it is clear that the most important structural characteristic of the Burr arch-truss system compared to a multiple King post truss is the stiffness and associated deflections. For long-span timber bridges, such as the Barrackville Bridge, the arch provides a necessary stiffening of the truss so that deflections resulting from live and dead loads and the effects of creep and shrinkage would be controlled to acceptable limits. This additional stiffening is achieved economically with only a 12% increase in dead load. The analytical results confirm the engineering merits of the Barrackville Bridge, whereas the structure itself testifies to the superb craftmanship employed in its construction. The bridge is an outstanding monument to both Theodore Burr and Lemuel Chenoweth, its builders.","PeriodicalId":414734,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Issues: Journal of Professional Activities","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124246145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion of “Art in Engineering—The Need for a New Criticism”","authors":"R. Scanlan","doi":"10.1061/EGISBD.0000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/EGISBD.0000245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414734,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Issues: Journal of Professional Activities","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126171248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion of \"Civil Engineers’ Compensation—ASCE’s Future\"","authors":"D. Allen","doi":"10.1061/EGISBD.0000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/EGISBD.0000172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414734,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Issues: Journal of Professional Activities","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127358952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discussion of “Upgrading Student Membership”","authors":"Paul C. Hassler","doi":"10.1061/EGISBD.0000175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/EGISBD.0000175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414734,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Issues: Journal of Professional Activities","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121761146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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