Japan is called a “disaster powerhouse,” as it is affected by natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, torrential rains, and typhoons almost every year. Immediately after a disaster, wound infections and respiratory tract infections including pneumonia, which are related to trauma and drowning, arise health problems for victims. Thereafter, poor hygiene at the evacuation center and forced long-term living in overcrowded areas cause infections and outbreaks due to influenza virus and infectious gastroenteritis including norovirus. Infectious diseases after natural disasters are problems not only at an individual level but also in a community environment. It is necessary to accurately grasp which infectious disease is the problem after natural disaster, and we should apply effective medical treatment or infection control. In a situation where the lifeline after a natural disaster is insufficient and medical resources are limited, the identification of pathogenic microorganisms by point-of-care testing (POCT) using immunochromatography (such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila by urinary antigen test, influenza virus antigen test, and norovirus antigen test) is reportedly useful for the treatment of infection and early detection and intervention of outbreaks in evacuation centers. It is expected that genetic testing will continue to spread in the field of infectious diseases in the future. However, currently, it is impossible to carry out genetic testing as a POCT after a natural disaster. Therefore, even in the absence of a disaster, it is necessary to closely examine past cases of infectious diseases after natural disasters and evaluate which POCT especially in immunochromatography have been established with infectious diseases.
{"title":"Usefulness of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Infectious Diseases in Natural Disaster: Clinical Aspects and Management for Infection Prevention and Control","authors":"T. Aoyagi","doi":"10.4058/jsei.36.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4058/jsei.36.127","url":null,"abstract":"Japan is called a “disaster powerhouse,” as it is affected by natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, torrential rains, and typhoons almost every year. Immediately after a disaster, wound infections and respiratory tract infections including pneumonia, which are related to trauma and drowning, arise health problems for victims. Thereafter, poor hygiene at the evacuation center and forced long-term living in overcrowded areas cause infections and outbreaks due to influenza virus and infectious gastroenteritis including norovirus. Infectious diseases after natural disasters are problems not only at an individual level but also in a community environment. It is necessary to accurately grasp which infectious disease is the problem after natural disaster, and we should apply effective medical treatment or infection control. In a situation where the lifeline after a natural disaster is insufficient and medical resources are limited, the identification of pathogenic microorganisms by point-of-care testing (POCT) using immunochromatography (such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila by urinary antigen test, influenza virus antigen test, and norovirus antigen test) is reportedly useful for the treatment of infection and early detection and intervention of outbreaks in evacuation centers. It is expected that genetic testing will continue to spread in the field of infectious diseases in the future. However, currently, it is impossible to carry out genetic testing as a POCT after a natural disaster. Therefore, even in the absence of a disaster, it is necessary to closely examine past cases of infectious diseases after natural disasters and evaluate which POCT especially in immunochromatography have been established with infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":414784,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131766958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the aim of preventing infectious disease occurrence and spread among patients and staff in hospitals, infection control greatly contributes to medical safety and the improvement of quality of care. Pharmacists play important roles in multidisciplinary initiatives regarding infection control. Pharmacists have been actively involved in infection control at Iwate Medical University Hospital, since a full-time pharmacist was assigned to the Infectious Disease Control Office in April 2004. They have been involved in initiatives such as the transmission-based zoning system, the comprehensive prescription management system for antibacterial agent use, and handwashing campaigns. In addition, the mission of board-certified infection control pharmacy specialists is to address the importance of taking comprehensive measures, including the proper use of antimicrobial drugs, disinfectants, and medical supplies. To leverage their expertise in infection control activities, pharmacists need to understand the reciprocal relationship between the infection control team and antimicrobial stewardship team and produce tangible outcomes. In this respect, pharmacists should shift their overemphasis from “information gathering and analysis” and to developing “plans.” To do so, they should observe infection control from a wider perspective and should propose plans based on scientific and pharmaceutical evidence and operate the activities efficiently, with proper evaluation, for successful results.
{"title":"What Should Pharmacists Do to Contribute Their Expertise to Infection Control Activities?","authors":"Nao Onodera","doi":"10.4058/jsei.36.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4058/jsei.36.142","url":null,"abstract":"With the aim of preventing infectious disease occurrence and spread among patients and staff in hospitals, infection control greatly contributes to medical safety and the improvement of quality of care. Pharmacists play important roles in multidisciplinary initiatives regarding infection control. Pharmacists have been actively involved in infection control at Iwate Medical University Hospital, since a full-time pharmacist was assigned to the Infectious Disease Control Office in April 2004. They have been involved in initiatives such as the transmission-based zoning system, the comprehensive prescription management system for antibacterial agent use, and handwashing campaigns. In addition, the mission of board-certified infection control pharmacy specialists is to address the importance of taking comprehensive measures, including the proper use of antimicrobial drugs, disinfectants, and medical supplies. To leverage their expertise in infection control activities, pharmacists need to understand the reciprocal relationship between the infection control team and antimicrobial stewardship team and produce tangible outcomes. In this respect, pharmacists should shift their overemphasis from “information gathering and analysis” and to developing “plans.” To do so, they should observe infection control from a wider perspective and should propose plans based on scientific and pharmaceutical evidence and operate the activities efficiently, with proper evaluation, for successful results.","PeriodicalId":414784,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133065297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerically, the most significant difference between children and adults is body weight. Hu-mans are not born with complete physiological functions, and our body functions mature with growth. Assuming adult renal function to be 100%, glomerular filtration rate only reaches approximately 25%-40% of adult function at birth. Renal function reaches approximately 90% of adult function in the first year after birth and is comparable to adult function in the second year after birth. This review will discuss energy metabolism of living organisms, maturation from children to adults, pharmacokinetics in children, and describes antimicrobial chemotherapy in children.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Based on Maturation in Children","authors":"Y. Tsuji","doi":"10.4058/jsei.36.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4058/jsei.36.77","url":null,"abstract":"Numerically, the most significant difference between children and adults is body weight. Hu-mans are not born with complete physiological functions, and our body functions mature with growth. Assuming adult renal function to be 100%, glomerular filtration rate only reaches approximately 25%-40% of adult function at birth. Renal function reaches approximately 90% of adult function in the first year after birth and is comparable to adult function in the second year after birth. This review will discuss energy metabolism of living organisms, maturation from children to adults, pharmacokinetics in children, and describes antimicrobial chemotherapy in children.","PeriodicalId":414784,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126109252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Current Status of the Countermeasures to Prevent Infection with New Coronavirus Infections at Long-Term Care Welfare Facilities for Older Adults in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan","authors":"Teppei Sasahara","doi":"10.4058/JSEI.36.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4058/JSEI.36.98","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414784,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129648094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) account for 10%-20% of healthcare-associated infections. In the prevention of CAUTI, it is important that the urethral catheter is in-serted carefully, and residual urine is measured after removal of the urethral catheter. It is often difficult to determine the diagnosis of CAUTI in the elderly due to the lack of symptoms. Prior to the administration of an antimicrobial agent, the urethral catheter should be exchanged with a new one, and blood culture and urine culture data should be reported consistently. Treatment with antimicrobial agents should be selected based on the severity of CAUTI. qSOFA scores are useful in evaluating the severity. In this report, approaches to CAUTI are discussed from the urologistsʼ perspective.
{"title":"Approaches of Urologists Toward Treating Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections","authors":"H. Hotta","doi":"10.4058/jsei.36.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4058/jsei.36.83","url":null,"abstract":"Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) account for 10%-20% of healthcare-associated infections. In the prevention of CAUTI, it is important that the urethral catheter is in-serted carefully, and residual urine is measured after removal of the urethral catheter. It is often difficult to determine the diagnosis of CAUTI in the elderly due to the lack of symptoms. Prior to the administration of an antimicrobial agent, the urethral catheter should be exchanged with a new one, and blood culture and urine culture data should be reported consistently. Treatment with antimicrobial agents should be selected based on the severity of CAUTI. qSOFA scores are useful in evaluating the severity. In this report, approaches to CAUTI are discussed from the urologistsʼ perspective.","PeriodicalId":414784,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125291833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From April 21, 2020, 10 febrile individuals were recorded on the second floor of a 4-storey long-term care facility. SARS-CoV-2 PCR test confirmed that 9 were positive, and they were ad-mitted to our hospital. On April 27 of the same year, PCR tests were performed, and positive re-sults were obtained for, 21 residents, 1 short stay, and 6 staff members. Of these, 22 positive cases were quarantined on the second floor, and the negative cases were moved to the third and fourth floors. We performed zoning on the second and third floors and constructed a virtual ward on the electronic medical record in the hospital so that examinations and medication infu-sions could be ordered, and the residentʼs condition could be grasped at the hospital. Blood and urine tests were conducted at the facility, and if it was determined that a close examination was necessary, they were transferred to the hospital. A second PCR test was performed on 69 people on May 13, 2020, and 15 people from the second floor were positive, as well as three from the third floor who were then moved to the second floor. From May 27 to June 19, 2020, the PCR test was repeated four times, and it was determined that all residents were negative twice in a row and that the cluster had converged. Dur-ing this period, six people died due to complications, such as pneumonia and multiple organ fail-ure, with a mortality rate of 14.3%.
{"title":"Responses to COVID-19 Clusters in Long-term Care Facilities of Japan","authors":"Hiroaki Shiraishi, Yousuke Kinoshita, K. Miura","doi":"10.4058/JSEI.36.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4058/JSEI.36.92","url":null,"abstract":"From April 21, 2020, 10 febrile individuals were recorded on the second floor of a 4-storey long-term care facility. SARS-CoV-2 PCR test confirmed that 9 were positive, and they were ad-mitted to our hospital. On April 27 of the same year, PCR tests were performed, and positive re-sults were obtained for, 21 residents, 1 short stay, and 6 staff members. Of these, 22 positive cases were quarantined on the second floor, and the negative cases were moved to the third and fourth floors. We performed zoning on the second and third floors and constructed a virtual ward on the electronic medical record in the hospital so that examinations and medication infu-sions could be ordered, and the residentʼs condition could be grasped at the hospital. Blood and urine tests were conducted at the facility, and if it was determined that a close examination was necessary, they were transferred to the hospital. A second PCR test was performed on 69 people on May 13, 2020, and 15 people from the second floor were positive, as well as three from the third floor who were then moved to the second floor. From May 27 to June 19, 2020, the PCR test was repeated four times, and it was determined that all residents were negative twice in a row and that the cluster had converged. Dur-ing this period, six people died due to complications, such as pneumonia and multiple organ fail-ure, with a mortality rate of 14.3%.","PeriodicalId":414784,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123326526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pollution Risk of Buffet-style Restaurants and Countermeasures ~Living with COVID-19~","authors":"Y. Nakatani","doi":"10.4058/JSEI.36.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4058/JSEI.36.89","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414784,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130286056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Suzuki, Jun Nishijo, Mami Oguchi, Katsuyuki Hori, Takemi Murai, Kisei Minami
Childhood cancers are associated with a high risk of infection due to the pathophysiology and adverse effects of anticancer drugs. Although vancomycin (VCM) is often used for treating cancer-associated infections, there are limited studies on VCM dosing in childhood cancers. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated VCM dosing administered to pediatric patients with cancer at Nagano Children’s Hospital. The trough values of the dose were compared with pharmacists’ therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) intervention and the revised antimicrobial TDM guidelines. Between April 2011 and March 2017, pediatric patients with cancer aged 1-12 years who were administered VCM were enrolled in the study. The daily dose, number of doses, trough value of VCM, and serum creatinine level at the start and end of VCM administration were compared. The average daily doses significantly increased from 45.8 mg/kg/day at the beginning to 61.8 mg/kg/day at the end of therapy in 29 patients aged 1-6 years. The number of doses significantly increased from 3 to 4 times daily. The trough value of VCM significantly increased from 5.0 μg/mL to 10.0 μg/mL. The serum creatinine level remained unchanged from 0.21 mg/dL to 0.20 mg/dL. In nine patients aged 7-12 years, the daily dose increased from 46.1 mg/kg/day to 60.0 mg/kg/day. The number of doses remained unchanged 4 times a day. The trough value increased significantly from 6.5 μg/mL to 10.2 μg/mL. However, the serum creatinine level remained unchanged from 0.24 mg/dL to 0.25 mg/dL. In pediatric patients with cancer, VCM doses to reach the target value of a trough concentration of 10 μg/mL or more were started with an administration of 61.8 mg/kg/day (15.5 mg/kg, every 6 h) for children aged 1-6 years and 60.0 mg/kg/day (15.0 mg/kg, every 6 h) according to the revised guidelines for those aged 7-12 years. VCM might reach the target trough value by further TDM.
{"title":"Determination of the Appropriate Dose of Vancomycin for Pediatric Patients with Cancer","authors":"E. Suzuki, Jun Nishijo, Mami Oguchi, Katsuyuki Hori, Takemi Murai, Kisei Minami","doi":"10.4058/jsei.36.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4058/jsei.36.111","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood cancers are associated with a high risk of infection due to the pathophysiology and adverse effects of anticancer drugs. Although vancomycin (VCM) is often used for treating cancer-associated infections, there are limited studies on VCM dosing in childhood cancers. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated VCM dosing administered to pediatric patients with cancer at Nagano Children’s Hospital. The trough values of the dose were compared with pharmacists’ therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) intervention and the revised antimicrobial TDM guidelines. Between April 2011 and March 2017, pediatric patients with cancer aged 1-12 years who were administered VCM were enrolled in the study. The daily dose, number of doses, trough value of VCM, and serum creatinine level at the start and end of VCM administration were compared. The average daily doses significantly increased from 45.8 mg/kg/day at the beginning to 61.8 mg/kg/day at the end of therapy in 29 patients aged 1-6 years. The number of doses significantly increased from 3 to 4 times daily. The trough value of VCM significantly increased from 5.0 μg/mL to 10.0 μg/mL. The serum creatinine level remained unchanged from 0.21 mg/dL to 0.20 mg/dL. In nine patients aged 7-12 years, the daily dose increased from 46.1 mg/kg/day to 60.0 mg/kg/day. The number of doses remained unchanged 4 times a day. The trough value increased significantly from 6.5 μg/mL to 10.2 μg/mL. However, the serum creatinine level remained unchanged from 0.24 mg/dL to 0.25 mg/dL. In pediatric patients with cancer, VCM doses to reach the target value of a trough concentration of 10 μg/mL or more were started with an administration of 61.8 mg/kg/day (15.5 mg/kg, every 6 h) for children aged 1-6 years and 60.0 mg/kg/day (15.0 mg/kg, every 6 h) according to the revised guidelines for those aged 7-12 years. VCM might reach the target trough value by further TDM.","PeriodicalId":414784,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124763011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Sasaki, Akira Kurishima, Misato Amano, Ayumi Kanamaru, Akiko Yamakuchi, H. Takayasu, Yoshiro Hadano, Masataka Yano
{"title":"Antimicrobial Stewardship Pharmacist-driven Prospective Audit and Feedback of All Intravenous Antibiotics in a Middle-sized Community Hospital","authors":"Y. Sasaki, Akira Kurishima, Misato Amano, Ayumi Kanamaru, Akiko Yamakuchi, H. Takayasu, Yoshiro Hadano, Masataka Yano","doi":"10.4058/jsei.36.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4058/jsei.36.117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414784,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control","volume":"20 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120899661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examined the antibody prevalence of epidemic viral diseases among the employees (618) in our hospital using antibody titers measured for all of them. As a result, it was found that ap-proximately 70% of the employees should take measures such as investigation of vaccination history and additional vaccination though no one had negative antibody titers of all viral infections. The rate of our employees with a positive antibody titer meeting the measles criteria was 46.1% of the total. It showed that the risk of an outbreak was high if the measles was brought to our institution. However, more than 90% of the employees with a positive antibody titer met the chickenpox criteria, making it possible to release a small number of employees with being sus-ceptible to chicken pox from taking charge of patients with herpes zoster and disseminated herpes zoster. There was no gender difference in the prevalence of rubella antibody titers. The rate of our employees with a positive antibody titer meeting the mumps criteria was 59.3% of the to-tal, the second lowest after measles, while a concern had been growing about a possibility of an infection spread in the hospital next to measles. As a result of investigating a vaccination history of the employees in their 20s whose antibody titers did not meet the criteria, we confirmed that 66.7% of the employees had vaccination for measles and 56.5% for rubella. This suggested the presence of vaccine failure, including primary and secondary vaccine failure. It is important to investigate both antibody titer and vaccination history to confirm the status of acquisition of immunity. In the future, we need to review the vaccination history of all employees and recommend vaccinations based on the results.
{"title":"Examination of the Antibody Prevalence of Viral Diseases (Measles, Rubella, Chickenpox, and Mumps) among Staff in a Cancer Specialty Hospital","authors":"Haruka Utsunomiya, Izumi Nakagawa, M. Hamada","doi":"10.4058/jsei.36.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4058/jsei.36.105","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the antibody prevalence of epidemic viral diseases among the employees (618) in our hospital using antibody titers measured for all of them. As a result, it was found that ap-proximately 70% of the employees should take measures such as investigation of vaccination history and additional vaccination though no one had negative antibody titers of all viral infections. The rate of our employees with a positive antibody titer meeting the measles criteria was 46.1% of the total. It showed that the risk of an outbreak was high if the measles was brought to our institution. However, more than 90% of the employees with a positive antibody titer met the chickenpox criteria, making it possible to release a small number of employees with being sus-ceptible to chicken pox from taking charge of patients with herpes zoster and disseminated herpes zoster. There was no gender difference in the prevalence of rubella antibody titers. The rate of our employees with a positive antibody titer meeting the mumps criteria was 59.3% of the to-tal, the second lowest after measles, while a concern had been growing about a possibility of an infection spread in the hospital next to measles. As a result of investigating a vaccination history of the employees in their 20s whose antibody titers did not meet the criteria, we confirmed that 66.7% of the employees had vaccination for measles and 56.5% for rubella. This suggested the presence of vaccine failure, including primary and secondary vaccine failure. It is important to investigate both antibody titer and vaccination history to confirm the status of acquisition of immunity. In the future, we need to review the vaccination history of all employees and recommend vaccinations based on the results.","PeriodicalId":414784,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122928733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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