Several recent papers argue that price-matching policies raise equilibrium prices. We add to this literature by considering potential welfare losses, which have two sources: Harberger triangles from high prices and Posner rectangles from over-entry. We compare price-matching markets with entry to monopoly and price-matching markets without entry, and find that price matching with entry creates greater welfare losses than monopoly in markets with a low ratio of fixed to marginal cost. We illustrate this result using parameters from the US wholesale gasoline and air travel markets and relate our model to price matching among NASDAQ market makers.
{"title":"The Welfare Losses from Price Matching Policies","authors":"A. Edlin, Eric R. Emch","doi":"10.1111/1467-6451.00095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6451.00095","url":null,"abstract":"Several recent papers argue that price-matching policies raise equilibrium prices. We add to this literature by considering potential welfare losses, which have two sources: Harberger triangles from high prices and Posner rectangles from over-entry. We compare price-matching markets with entry to monopoly and price-matching markets without entry, and find that price matching with entry creates greater welfare losses than monopoly in markets with a low ratio of fixed to marginal cost. We illustrate this result using parameters from the US wholesale gasoline and air travel markets and relate our model to price matching among NASDAQ market makers.","PeriodicalId":414836,"journal":{"name":"Emory Economics","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118600598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-01DOI: 10.1016/0144-8188(95)00015-Z
E. Rasmusen
{"title":"``Predictable and Unpredictable Error in Tort Awards: The Effect of Plaintiff Self Selection and Signalling,''","authors":"E. Rasmusen","doi":"10.1016/0144-8188(95)00015-Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8188(95)00015-Z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414836,"journal":{"name":"Emory Economics","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118316328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is based on the analysis of world experience in the field of modern strategies for recycling, utilization and neutralization of waste and identifies ways to improve these processes. It is established that the main focus is on the use of the principles of the circular economy, areas of its development are highlighted. The creation of a closed economic cycle is particularly important area for the development of circular economy. It allows to achieve a sharp reduction in the consumption of primary raw materials and ensure maximum use of waste. It is noted that particular importance is currently being paid to the issue of household waste recycling. It is pointed out that in Russia, a system of legislative and organizational measures has been developed to solve this problem. The author comes to the conclusion that foreign and domestic experience shows that the implementation of circular economy approaches at the regional and interregional level is most fully implemented in cluster structures.
{"title":"Analysis of the Status and Prospects of Use of Production and Consumption Waste","authors":"Kostygova Liudmila Aleksandrovna","doi":"10.31483/r-75756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31483/r-75756","url":null,"abstract":"The article is based on the analysis of world experience in the field of modern strategies for recycling, utilization and neutralization of waste and identifies ways to improve these processes. It is established that the main focus is on the use of the principles of the circular economy, areas of its development are highlighted. The creation of a closed economic cycle is particularly important area for the development of circular economy. It allows to achieve a sharp reduction in the consumption of primary raw materials and ensure maximum use of waste. It is noted that particular importance is currently being paid to the issue of household waste recycling. It is pointed out that in Russia, a system of legislative and organizational measures has been developed to solve this problem. The author comes to the conclusion that foreign and domestic experience shows that the implementation of circular economy approaches at the regional and interregional level is most fully implemented in cluster structures.","PeriodicalId":414836,"journal":{"name":"Emory Economics","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114715656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hashem Dezhbakhsh, Paul H. Rubin, Joanna M. Shepherd
Evidence on the deterrent effect of capital punishment is important for many states that are currently considering a change in their position on the issue. We examine the deterrent hypothesis using county-level post-moratorium panel data and a system of simultaneous equations. The procedure we employ overcomes the aggregation problem, eliminates the bias arising from unobserved heterogeneity, and offers an inference which is relevant for the current crime level. Our results suggest that capital punishment has a strong deterrent effect. An increase in any of the three probabilities - arrest, sentencing, or execution - tends to reduce the murder rate. In particular, each execution results, on average, in 18 fewer murders - with a margin of error of plus or minus 10. Tests show that results are not driven by "tough" sentencing laws, and are also robust to various specification choices. Our main finding, that capital punishment has a deterrent effect, is fairly robust to choice of functional form (double-log, semi-log, or linear), state level vs. county level analysis, and sampling period.
{"title":"Does Capital Punishment Have a Deterrent Effect? New Evidence from Post-moratorium Panel Data","authors":"Hashem Dezhbakhsh, Paul H. Rubin, Joanna M. Shepherd","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.259538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.259538","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence on the deterrent effect of capital punishment is important for many states that are currently considering a change in their position on the issue. We examine the deterrent hypothesis using county-level post-moratorium panel data and a system of simultaneous equations. The procedure we employ overcomes the aggregation problem, eliminates the bias arising from unobserved heterogeneity, and offers an inference which is relevant for the current crime level. Our results suggest that capital punishment has a strong deterrent effect. An increase in any of the three probabilities - arrest, sentencing, or execution - tends to reduce the murder rate. In particular, each execution results, on average, in 18 fewer murders - with a margin of error of plus or minus 10. Tests show that results are not driven by \"tough\" sentencing laws, and are also robust to various specification choices. Our main finding, that capital punishment has a deterrent effect, is fairly robust to choice of functional form (double-log, semi-log, or linear), state level vs. county level analysis, and sampling period.","PeriodicalId":414836,"journal":{"name":"Emory Economics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123358692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors of the article emphasizes that the development of agro-industrial complex in our country is not only due to the formation of agricultural holdings, but also through the development of small business patterns. Taking into consideration the fact that large retail chains prefer to work with companies that can supply a high volume of goods at once, they are not interested in farmers who supply low volume of output. It is noted that the seasonal nature of agricultural output also increases the risk of product damage during storage. This risk is especially increased if the storage conditions are not met. It is found out that small-scale peasant business patterns are not able to maintain storage facilities that will meet different storage conditions for different types of products. Accordingly, for them, the problem of the risk of damage and loss of grown products due to non-compliance with storage conditions is more acute. The situation under consideration determines the relevance of the stated topic. The purpose of the study is to clarify the main goals and objectives of the formation of a modern storage system for agricultural products as the main factor in reducing the risk of its damage and loss. The study was conducted in several stages: the institutional framework for the formation of storage systems for agricultural products was studied; the institutional structure of the Central Federal district to create a modern system for storing agricultural raw materials and goods was systematized; target installations for placement of agricultural products storage enterprises in the context of the Central Federal district regions have been defined.
{"title":"The Main Goals and Objectives of Creating a Modern Storage System for Agricultural Products as a Factor in Reducing the Risk of Damage","authors":"Anichkina Olga Aleksandrovna, Kapustina Nadezhda Valerevna, Sagina Oksana Aleksandrovna, Korotkikh Tatiana Nikolaevna","doi":"10.31483/r-75300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31483/r-75300","url":null,"abstract":"The authors of the article emphasizes that the development of agro-industrial complex in our country is not only due to the formation of agricultural holdings, but also through the development of small business patterns. Taking into consideration the fact that large retail chains prefer to work with companies that can supply a high volume of goods at once, they are not interested in farmers who supply low volume of output. It is noted that the seasonal nature of agricultural output also increases the risk of product damage during storage. This risk is especially increased if the storage conditions are not met. It is found out that small-scale peasant business patterns are not able to maintain storage facilities that will meet different storage conditions for different types of products. Accordingly, for them, the problem of the risk of damage and loss of grown products due to non-compliance with storage conditions is more acute. The situation under consideration determines the relevance of the stated topic. \u0000The purpose of the study is to clarify the main goals and objectives of the formation of a modern storage system for agricultural products as the main factor in reducing the risk of its damage and loss.\u0000The study was conducted in several stages: the institutional framework for the formation of storage systems for agricultural products was studied; the institutional structure of the Central Federal district to create a modern system for storing agricultural raw materials and goods was systematized; target installations for placement of agricultural products storage enterprises in the context of the Central Federal district regions have been defined.","PeriodicalId":414836,"journal":{"name":"Emory Economics","volume":"471 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115945898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A comprehensive analysis of theoretical approaches to the formation of political preferences of modern Russian youth is presented in the article. The article contains analytical material; theories and approaches to understanding factors that affect the electoral behavior of modern youth are analyzed.
{"title":"Influence of Education on the Formation of Political Preferences of Young People in Modern Russian Society","authors":"Ermakov Dmitrii Nikolaevich","doi":"10.31483/r-75547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31483/r-75547","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive analysis of theoretical approaches to the formation of political preferences of modern Russian youth is presented in the article. The article contains analytical material; theories and approaches to understanding factors that affect the electoral behavior of modern youth are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":414836,"journal":{"name":"Emory Economics","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127461986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is focused on the corruption that is one of the most complex socio-economic phenomena, the history of which goes back to the origins of human civilization. It is not surprising that the problem of corruption has always been the object of close attention of political scientists, sociologists, economists, legal scholars, as well as specialists in the field of interdisciplinary research. The analysis of the research by Russian scientists on the problem of corruption is presented in the article.
{"title":"The Problem of Corruption in the Works of Russian Scientists","authors":"L. N. Shchankina, P. Epifanov","doi":"10.31483/r-75459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31483/r-75459","url":null,"abstract":"The article is focused on the corruption that is one of the most complex socio-economic phenomena, the history of which goes back to the origins of human civilization. It is not surprising that the problem of corruption has always been the object of close attention of political scientists, sociologists, economists, legal scholars, as well as specialists in the field of interdisciplinary research. The analysis of the research by Russian scientists on the problem of corruption is presented in the article.","PeriodicalId":414836,"journal":{"name":"Emory Economics","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123968103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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