This chapter traces the transformation of the US into the archetypal petroleumscape between the 1850s and 1950s. Over this century-long period, the petroleum industry expanded from its original center in Western Pennsylvania across the US West and into Mexico and Canada. As uses of oil and gas multiplied—from kerosene lighting to industrial and domestic purposes, gasoline for automobiles and diesel for trucks, trains, and farm equipment, petrochemicals, plastics, and other synthetics—an all-encompassing landscape of production, marketing, and consumption took shape. Cities reorganized around automobiles, while the petroleumscape encompassed rural areas and coastlines. Massive complexes for shipping, refining, and petrochemical processing emerged in East Coast ports such as New York and Philadelphia and then in Southern California and along the Gulf of Mexico, where Houston became a diversified headquarters for the energy sector and its support industries. The spatial patterns and material culture associated with oil and gas became fundamental to Americans’ imagination of themselves as a nation, while the multinational operations of US petroleum firms helped to catalyze the country’s emergence as a neocolonial empire. The US serves as a case in point for the analysis featured in this book.
{"title":"The Original North American Petroleumscape","authors":"C. Hein, A. Lessoff","doi":"10.4324/9780367816049-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367816049-4","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter traces the transformation of the US into the archetypal petroleumscape between the 1850s and 1950s. Over this century-long period, the petroleum industry expanded from its original center in Western Pennsylvania across the US West and into Mexico and Canada. As uses of oil and gas multiplied—from kerosene lighting to industrial and domestic purposes, gasoline for automobiles and diesel for trucks, trains, and farm equipment, petrochemicals, plastics, and other synthetics—an all-encompassing landscape of production, marketing, and consumption took shape. Cities reorganized around automobiles, while the petroleumscape encompassed rural areas and coastlines. Massive complexes for shipping, refining, and petrochemical processing emerged in East Coast ports such as New York and Philadelphia and then in Southern California and along the Gulf of Mexico, where Houston became a diversified headquarters for the energy sector and its support industries. The spatial patterns and material culture associated with oil and gas became fundamental to Americans’ imagination of themselves as a nation, while the multinational operations of US petroleum firms helped to catalyze the country’s emergence as a neocolonial empire. The US serves as a case in point for the analysis featured in this book.","PeriodicalId":416119,"journal":{"name":"Oil Spaces","volume":"9 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124679168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.4324/9780367816049-19
C. Hein, Christine Stroobandt, S. Hauser
Transformations in the global petroleumscape, such as the closure of refineries in Dunkirk, a port city in northern France, can have a huge impact on local economies, livelihoods, and the built environment. Dunkirk was a hub of global petroleum shipping beginning in the 1860s, when the petroleum industry started to shape port cities around the world. As the link between producing sites and the hinterlands of many countries, Dunkirk, like many other port cities, became a privileged place for French and foreign businessmen investing in petroleum activities. The oil industry provided employment and development opportunities on local and regional scales, while impacting the spatial planning and the political life of Dunkirk and other host cities. As one of France’s most important petroleum hubs, Dunkirk took on an urban form that has been greatly influenced by the ups and downs of petroleum sites. This chapter considers the impact of changing economic and spatial conditions on a variety of actors in the French port city. How have these actors adapted, what oil spaces have they created, and with which collaborators and tools? While the refineries closed in 2016, the mark of the petroleum industry remains in the fabric of the city, in the memory of inhabitants who remember oil’s heyday as a time of prosperity, and in the pollution left behind in the soil in sites where uses were never adequately recorded. To better prepare for the future planning of port cities around the world, public and private actors need to understand the long-term influence of the petroleum industry on the governance and spatial characteristics of port cities.
{"title":"Petroleumscape as Heritage Landscape","authors":"C. Hein, Christine Stroobandt, S. Hauser","doi":"10.4324/9780367816049-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367816049-19","url":null,"abstract":"Transformations in the global petroleumscape, such as the closure of refineries in Dunkirk, a port city in northern France, can have a huge impact on local economies, livelihoods, and the built environment. Dunkirk was a hub of global petroleum shipping beginning in the 1860s, when the petroleum industry started to shape port cities around the world. As the link between producing sites and the hinterlands of many countries, Dunkirk, like many other port cities, became a privileged place for French and foreign businessmen investing in petroleum activities. The oil industry provided employment and development opportunities on local and regional scales, while impacting the spatial planning and the political life of Dunkirk and other host cities. As one of France’s most important petroleum hubs, Dunkirk took on an urban form that has been greatly influenced by the ups and downs of petroleum sites. This chapter considers the impact of changing economic and spatial conditions on a variety of actors in the French port city. How have these actors adapted, what oil spaces have they created, and with which collaborators and tools? While the refineries closed in 2016, the mark of the petroleum industry remains in the fabric of the city, in the memory of inhabitants who remember oil’s heyday as a time of prosperity, and in the pollution left behind in the soil in sites where uses were never adequately recorded. To better prepare for the future planning of port cities around the world, public and private actors need to understand the long-term influence of the petroleum industry on the governance and spatial characteristics of port cities.","PeriodicalId":416119,"journal":{"name":"Oil Spaces","volume":"1022 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134238833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.4324/9780367816049-18
C. Geroldi, G. Pessina
{"title":"Power Stations and Petroleum Heritage in Italy","authors":"C. Geroldi, G. Pessina","doi":"10.4324/9780367816049-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367816049-18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":416119,"journal":{"name":"Oil Spaces","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126944842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Petroleumscape as Battleground","authors":"B. D. Vries","doi":"10.4324/9780367816049-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367816049-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":416119,"journal":{"name":"Oil Spaces","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114213796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mapping the Persian Gulf Petroleumscape","authors":"S. Ramos","doi":"10.4324/9780367816049-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367816049-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":416119,"journal":{"name":"Oil Spaces","volume":"4 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134447082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.4324/9780367816049-13
C. Strupp
{"title":"Dimensions of the Petroleumscape in the Port and the City of Hamburg","authors":"C. Strupp","doi":"10.4324/9780367816049-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367816049-13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":416119,"journal":{"name":"Oil Spaces","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126993164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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