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Determination of Fuel Gas Flow Rate in Gas Pumping Unit With Gas Turbine Drive and Centrifugal Supercharger 燃气轮机驱动离心增压器抽油机内燃气流量的测定
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.20998/2078-774x.2020.02.06
Y. A. Oleynik, S. A. Saprykin, S. Naumenko
An algorithm for calculating the flow rate of fuel natural gas in a gas pumping unit (GPU) (GPU drive) and for several identical gas pumping units operating together in compressor shop or compressor station. The flow calculation model takes into account thermal characteristics, operating modes and limitations of GPU parameters. Main task when determining consumption fuel gas is the calculation of the capacity of compressor shops and GPU. Power calculation takes into account compression ratio and flow rate of gas pumped by compressors. After calculation of GPA working capacity GPA drives efficiency factor is determined and fuel gas flow rate in GPU (GPU drive) is calculated. Exact values and limitations of thermal parameters (allowable pressures, temperatures, pumped gas flow rates, efficiency factors of compressors and drives). At the same time, the parameters of the GPU will depend on its operating mode of the GAP. The algorithm takes into account four limitations of GPU parameters: minimum flow rate of pumped gas in GPU compressor, minimum drive power of the GPU compressor, maximum gas temperature at the outlet of the GPA compressor, maximum gas compression ratio in the compressor. Without taking into account these restrictions, the calculation of fuel gas may be incorrect, since the impossible operation mode of the GPU will be taken into account. Developed algorithm takes into account all necessary characteristics and limitations of GPU parameters, simulates real robot modes of existing and designed GPU.
一种计算燃气抽油机(GPU) (GPU驱动)和在压缩机车间或压缩机站中一起运行的几个相同的燃气抽油机的燃料天然气流量的算法。流动计算模型考虑了GPU的热特性、工作模式和参数限制。确定消耗燃气时的主要任务是计算压缩机车间和GPU的容量。功率计算考虑压缩比和压缩机泵送气体的流量。在计算GPA工作容量的基础上,确定了GPA驱动效率因子,并计算了GPU (GPU驱动)内的燃气流量。热参数的精确值和限制(允许压力,温度,泵送气体流量,压缩机和驱动器的效率系数)。同时,GPU的参数将取决于其GAP的工作模式。该算法考虑了GPU压缩机泵送气体的最小流量、GPU压缩机的最小驱动功率、GPA压缩机出口的最高气体温度、压缩机内的最大气体压缩比四个GPU参数的限制。如果不考虑这些限制,燃气的计算可能是不正确的,因为GPU不可能的操作模式将被考虑在内。所开发的算法考虑了GPU参数的所有必要特性和局限性,模拟了现有和设计的GPU的真实机器人模式。
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引用次数: 0
Reducing of Non-Productive Heat Losses in Energy Generation 减少能源生产中的非生产性热损失
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.20998/2078-774x.2020.01.05
V. Demchenko, V. Konyk
The article is devoted to the analysis of non-productive losses in the generation of thermal energy. The causes of heat losses and their localization on the station equipment, technological pipeline and at unbalance of technological processes are established. As a result of the analysis, recommendations were given for the joint use of nuclear power plants (NPPs) or thermal power plants (TPPs) with available renewable energy sources (RES), using thermal storage systems, which will balance the system "generation - transportation - consumption". The use of stationary and mobile heat accumulators in the generation of RES, secondary thermal energy (TER) will reduce heat loss, use low-potential sources, which will relieve service equipment, reduce fuel consumption (FER) and harmful emissions into the environment. Also, it is recommended to conduct a full energy audit of station equipment and pipelines. Implement replacement of technically obsolete equipment with low efficiency, replace piping and insulation. Update the automation system, introduce a process scheduling system. Balance technological processes.
这篇文章专门分析了热能发电中的非生产性损失。确定了站场设备、工艺管道和工艺流程不平衡处热损失的原因及其定位。作为分析的结果,建议核电站(NPPs)或火电厂(TPPs)与可用的可再生能源(RES)联合使用,使用储热系统,这将平衡系统的“发电-运输-消耗”。在RES、二次热能(TER)的产生中使用固定式和移动式蓄热器将减少热损失,使用低电位源,这将减轻服务设备的负担,减少燃料消耗(FER)和对环境的有害排放。此外,建议对电站设备和管道进行全面的能源审计。对技术陈旧、效率低的设备进行更换,更换管道和保温材料。更新自动化系统,引入工艺调度系统。平衡技术流程。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling and Analysis of Energy Efficiency Parameters of Medium Pressure Boilers Using a Mixture of Natural and Blast Furnace Gases Taking into Account Air Intakes 考虑进气口的高炉煤气混合中压锅炉能效参数建模与分析
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.20998/2078-774x.2020.02.05
V. Bezhan, Vladimir Zhitarenko
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引用次数: 0
Establishing Control Over the Residual Resource of 200 MW Steam Turbines by Optimization of Percentage of Launches from Different Thermal States 基于不同热态启动比例优化的200mw汽轮机剩余资源控制
Pub Date : 2020-03-09 DOI: 10.20998/2078-774x.2019.02.01
O. Chernousenko, Oleksandr Pavlovich Usaty, Dmitro Victorovich Rindyuk, V. Peshko
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引用次数: 0
Welded Combined Rotor for the Steam Turbine K-325-23.5 K-325-23.5汽轮机焊接组合转子
Pub Date : 2019-12-28 DOI: 10.20998/2078-774x.2019.03.10
M. Hryshyn, Borys P. Zaytsev, I. Palkov, Oleksandr H. Kantor, Yurii H. Paschenko
The development data of the welded combined average-pressure rotor for the steam turbine of a new generation К-325-23.5 produced by JSC “Turboatom” have been given. To develop it, we used the data given in experimental-&-engineering and research papers devoted to the selection of the rational forms of individual discs and the loci of circular cofferdams with welded seams to provide an acceptable level of stresses, which is one of the main requirements to be met when designing welded rotors. The mode of deformation of some options of a new rotor structure was defined using the method of finite elements and the software of IPMach of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. In addition to the stresses that arise under the action of centrifugal forces and thermal stresses we took into account during our computations low bending alternating stresses caused by weight loads and these stresses are very dangerous due to their cyclic character. When combined with tensile stresses caused by centrifugal forces at the bottom run of welded seams, these can result in an increased amount of possible defects. The experimental-&-engineering research done by us allowed for the transformation of aggravating stresses caused by centrifugal forces at the bottom run of welded seams into compressive stresses. A special research was done to select the weld groove geometry, electrodes, the weld technology and thermal treatment modes after the welding to remove residual stresses. Welded specimens with the welded seams of a different configuration (type of weld groove geometry) and the specimens cut out of the welded seams of the end parts of full-scale model were subjected to fatigue tests.  A high workability and unavailability of drawbacks that are peculiar for the rotors with capped discs individualize this type of rotor advantageously in comparison with the latter. Expensive balancing work requires the reduction of start operations by a factor of two. A combined “composite” rotor behaves in a more consistent manner with the spin up during the transition across critical rotation frequencies and at rated revolutions; a smoother operation is observed.
本文介绍了日本“Turboatom”公司生产的新一代К-325-23.5汽轮机焊接组合式均压转子的研制数据。为了开发它,我们使用了实验和工程研究论文中给出的数据,专门用于选择单个圆盘的合理形式和带有焊缝的圆形围堰的轨迹,以提供可接受的应力水平,这是设计焊接转子时要满足的主要要求之一。采用有限元法和乌克兰国家科学院的IPMach软件,确定了一种新型转子结构的若干选项的变形模式。除了在离心力和热应力作用下产生的应力外,我们在计算中还考虑了由重量载荷引起的低弯曲交变应力,这些应力由于其循环特性而非常危险。当与焊缝底部离心力引起的拉伸应力相结合时,这些可能导致可能的缺陷数量增加。我们所做的实验和工程研究允许将焊缝底部离心力引起的加重应力转化为压应力。为消除残余应力,对焊缝坡口几何形状、焊条、焊接工艺和焊后热处理方式的选择进行了专门研究。采用不同形态焊缝(焊缝坡口几何形状)的焊接试样和全尺寸模型端部焊缝切割的试样进行了疲劳试验。与后者相比,具有封顶盘的转子特有的高可加工性和不可用性使这种类型的转子具有个性化优势。昂贵的平衡工作需要将启动操作减少两倍。在临界旋转频率和额定转数过渡期间,组合“复合”转子的行为与自旋上升更为一致;观察到一个更平滑的操作。
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引用次数: 1
The Research of the Thermal State of the Umbrella Type Hydrogenerator by САЕ Methods 利用САЕ方法研究伞式水轮发电机的热态
Pub Date : 2019-12-28 DOI: 10.20998/2078-774x.2019.03.06
O. Tretiak, Anton Kovryga, M. Repetenko, R. Nurmetov
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引用次数: 0
Estimating the Loading of Nonlinear Element Connections in the Unit-Foundation-Base Turbine System at Seismic Activities 地震作用下单元-地基-地基水轮机系统非线性单元连接荷载的估计
Pub Date : 2018-12-27 DOI: 10.20998/2078-774x.2018.13.10
Pavel Petrovich Gontarovskiy, N. Garmash
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引用次数: 0
Peculiarities of Designing of Suspensions for Stators of High Power Turbogenerators 大功率汽轮发电机定子悬架设计的特点
Pub Date : 2018-12-27 DOI: 10.20998/2078-774x.2018.12.15
O. Tretiak
The analysis of existing designs of the stator fastening of Turbogenerators of various design versions is carried out. It is shown that the appli- cation of a spring suspension is the integral part of the design of Turbogenerators rated 100 MW and higher. The detailed calculation of the complex stressed state of the stators suspension of Turbogenerators manufactured at SE "PLANT "ELECTROTYAZHMASH" rated 200 MW and 250 MW with hydrogen and hydrogen-water cooling is submitted in the scientific work, taking into account the uneven thermal distribution along the horizontal axis of the aggregate for some number of electrical-sheet steels. The various types of the stator deformation caused by a number of forces are considered. It is proposed to carry out the calculation of mechanical stresses by iterative execution of mechanical and thermal calculations coordinated with electrical stresses. As limiting conditions for taking in to account of forces caused by temperature changes, the limiting conditions of the first kind were considered. At that, in the mechanical calculation, it is necessary to take into account the design peculiarities for each row of springs, taking into consideration the correction for temperature. The key factor is the difference between the calculated vibrations for a stand separately core and its installation in to the casing with suspension, depending up on the modulus of elasticity of the stacked up laminated core for electrical-sheet steels 3413, 3414 GOST21427.1-83, M270-50A. The possibil- ity of changing of steel 38Х2Н2ВА to steel 34CrNiMo6 and steel 40NiCrMo7 is shown, provided that the GOST8479-70 complies with the same strength group.
对不同设计版本汽轮发电机定子紧固的现有设计进行了分析。结果表明,弹簧悬架的应用是100mw及以上汽轮发电机设计中不可缺少的组成部分。在科学工作中,考虑到一些电薄板钢沿集料水平轴的热分布不均匀的情况下,提出了由SE“PLANT”ELECTROTYAZHMASH生产的200mw和250mw涡轮发电机的定子悬吊的复杂应力状态的详细计算。考虑了由多种力引起的定子变形的各种类型。提出了机械应力与电应力相协调,通过力学和热计算的迭代计算来实现机械应力的计算。作为考虑温度变化引起的力的限制条件,考虑了第一类限制条件。因此,在力学计算中,有必要考虑每排弹簧的设计特性,并考虑温度校正。其中的关键因素是,根据3413、3414、GOST21427.1-83、M270-50A等电工钢板叠层芯的弹性模量,分别计算出独立支架芯和将其安装在悬挂套管中的振动值之间的差异。在GOST8479-70符合同一强度组的条件下,显示了38Х2Н2ВА钢改为34CrNiMo6钢和40NiCrMo7钢的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Analyzing Power Indices for the Jet-Niche Fuel Combustion System 喷气壁龛燃料燃烧系统功率指标分析
Pub Date : 2018-12-27 DOI: 10.20998/2078-774X.2018.12.16
A. Siryi, M. Abdulin
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引用次数: 0
On Low-Emission Annular Combustor Based on Designing of Liner Air Admission Holes 基于内衬进气孔设计的低排放环形燃烧室研究
Pub Date : 2018-12-27 DOI: 10.20998/2078-774X.2018.13.15
D. A. Dolmatov, Masoud Hajivand
Numerical experiments was carried out to predict the total temperature characteristics and formation of nitrogen oxide emissions and pattern factor in an annular combustor liner based on geometrical parameters and location and rows of different air admission holes, for 6 various cases, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) .The simulation has been performed using ANSYS CFX including finite rate chemistry and eddy dissipation model, for simulation of liquid kerosene (Jet A) – air combustion after fuel droplet evaporation. The spray modeling was performed, including Rosin-Rammler droplet distribution. Thermal and prompt nitrogen oxide (NO x ) formation was performed to predicting NO x emission characteristics with a k -e model of turbulent. In this investigation the 3D CAD model of the realistic annular combustion chamber is presented for the simulation with double radial air swirler for the better mixing fuel with air. Beside this the characteristic and the flame structure is presented including the contour plots of total temperature and NO concentration at the outlet of the combustor liner and in cross section plane along the X axis from the injector center of the combustor including the chart of the velocity and NO, CO, CO 2 , O 2 and the total temperature along the liner from the injector center. For the combustion of kerosene with air 2 step kinetic schemes are presented in this study. The results show that the best result with the low concentration of NO is the case 5 but with a high percentage of pressure drop and the case 3 have the maximum concentration of NO with the low percentage of pressure drop.
利用计算流体力学(CFD)对6种不同情况下,基于几何参数和不同进气孔的位置和排数,对环形燃烧室内衬的总温度特性、氮氧化物排放形成和模式因子进行了数值模拟,并利用ANSYS CFX进行了有限速率化学和涡动耗散模型的数值模拟。用于模拟液体煤油(喷气机A) -燃料液滴蒸发后的空气燃烧。进行了喷雾建模,包括松香-拉姆勒液滴分布。利用湍流k -e模型,研究了热生成和快速生成氮氧化物(NO x)来预测NO x排放特征。为了更好地实现燃油与空气的混合,本文建立了真实环形燃烧室的三维CAD模型,用于双径向空气旋流器的模拟。此外,还介绍了火焰的特性和火焰结构,包括燃烧室尾管出口总温度和NO浓度的等高线图以及从燃烧室喷油嘴中心沿X轴截面上的总温度和NO浓度的等高线图,包括速度和从喷油嘴中心沿尾管方向的NO、CO、CO 2、o2和总温度的线图。对于煤油与空气的燃烧,本文提出了两步动力学方案。结果表明,低浓度NO处理效果最好的是情况5,但压降率较高;情况3的NO处理效果最好,但压降率较低。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
NTU "KhPI" Bulletin: Power and heat engineering processes and equipment
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