{"title":"The Market as a Creative Process","authors":"J. Buchanan, V. Vanberg","doi":"10.4324/9781315161921-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315161921-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":416408,"journal":{"name":"Shaping Entrepreneurship Research","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141210887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Construction of Preference","authors":"P. Slovic","doi":"10.4324/9781315161921-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315161921-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":416408,"journal":{"name":"Shaping Entrepreneurship Research","volume":"89 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141210841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It would not be easy to defend macroeconomists against the charge that for 40 or 50 years they have investigated competition primarily under assumptions which, if they were actually true, would make competition completely useless and uninteresting. If anyone actually knew everything that economic theory designated as “data,” competition would indeed be a highly wasteful method of securing adjustment to these facts. Hence it is also not surprising that some authors have concluded that we can either completely renounce the market, or that its outcomes are to be considered at most a first step toward creating a social product that we can then manipulate, correct, or redistribute in any way we please. Others, who apparently have taken their notion of competition exclusively from modern textbooks, have concluded that such competition does not exist at all. By contrast, it is useful to recall that wherever we make use of competition, this can only be justified by our not knowing the essential circumstances that determine the behavior of the competitors. In sporting events, examinations, the awarding of government contracts, or the bestowal of prizes for poems, not to mention science, it would be patently absurd to sponsor a contest if we knew in advance who the winner would be. Therefore, as the title of this lecture suggests, I wish now to consider competition systematically as a procedure for discovering facts which, if the procedure did not exist, would remain unknown or at least would not be used.
{"title":"Competition as a Discovery Procedure","authors":"F. Hayek","doi":"10.4324/9781315161921-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315161921-9","url":null,"abstract":"It would not be easy to defend macroeconomists against the charge that for 40 or 50 years they have investigated competition primarily under assumptions which, if they were actually true, would make competition completely useless and uninteresting. If anyone actually knew everything that economic theory designated as “data,” competition would indeed be a highly wasteful method of securing adjustment to these facts. Hence it is also not surprising that some authors have concluded that we can either completely renounce the market, or that its outcomes are to be considered at most a first step toward creating a social product that we can then manipulate, correct, or redistribute in any way we please. Others, who apparently have taken their notion of competition exclusively from modern textbooks, have concluded that such competition does not exist at all. By contrast, it is useful to recall that wherever we make use of competition, this can only be justified by our not knowing the essential circumstances that determine the behavior of the competitors. In sporting events, examinations, the awarding of government contracts, or the bestowal of prizes for poems, not to mention science, it would be patently absurd to sponsor a contest if we knew in advance who the winner would be. Therefore, as the title of this lecture suggests, I wish now to consider competition systematically as a procedure for discovering facts which, if the procedure did not exist, would remain unknown or at least would not be used.","PeriodicalId":416408,"journal":{"name":"Shaping Entrepreneurship Research","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114495020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-21DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/12107.003.0004
H. Simon
This chapter contains sections titled: The Artificial, The Environment as Mold, The Artifact as "Interface", Functional Explanation, Functional Description and Synthesis, Limits of Adaptation, Understanding by Simulating, Techniques of Simulation, Simulation as a Source of New Knowledge, Simulation of Poorly Understood Systems, The Computer as Artifact, Computers as Abstract Objects, Computers as Empirical Objects, Computers and Thought, Symbol Systems: Rational Artifacts, Basic Capabilities of Symbol Systems, Intelligence as Computation, Economics: Abstract Rationality
{"title":"Understanding the Natural and the Artificial Worlds","authors":"H. Simon","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/12107.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12107.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter contains sections titled: The Artificial, The Environment as Mold, The Artifact as \"Interface\", Functional Explanation, Functional Description and Synthesis, Limits of Adaptation, Understanding by Simulating, Techniques of Simulation, Simulation as a Source of New Knowledge, Simulation of Poorly Understood Systems, The Computer as Artifact, Computers as Abstract Objects, Computers as Empirical Objects, Computers and Thought, Symbol Systems: Rational Artifacts, Basic Capabilities of Symbol Systems, Intelligence as Computation, Economics: Abstract Rationality","PeriodicalId":416408,"journal":{"name":"Shaping Entrepreneurship Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114559629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-21DOI: 10.4324/9781315161921-16
H. de Soto
{"title":"The Mystery of Capital","authors":"H. de Soto","doi":"10.4324/9781315161921-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315161921-16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":416408,"journal":{"name":"Shaping Entrepreneurship Research","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115229642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：