The water deer (Hydropotes inermis) is one of the most primitive extant deer of the family Cervidae. Unlike Chinese water deer, Korean water deer have rarely been studied, even though they have relatively well remained in Korea. In particular, the home range of the Korean water deer has not yet been studied. Here we estimated the home range of the Korean water deer using two different methods (GPS and radio tracking) and analyzed the home range according to sex, time, and season. The mean home range size of four individuals was 2.77 and 0.34 under the 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP) and the 50% kernel (K) method, respectively. There seemed to be a difference in home range size between males (3.30 ) and females (2.25 ) under the 95% MCP method. We also found a difference in home range size between day (1.90 ) and night (2.43 ) by 95% MCP method. In addition, a home range size difference was observed between summer (4.65 ) and spring (0.48 ) or fall (0.85 ) using the 95% MCP method. Water deer seemed to have a larger home range in night than in day, and males also have a larger home range. We presumed that the GPS tracking method of the code division multiple access system could be a very useful tool for understanding the ecology of the water deer using the radio tracking method. Using these tracking methods and through future research, we can better understand the habitat use pattern of these water deer.
{"title":"Home range study of the Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis agyropus) using radio and GPS tracking in South Korea: comparison of daily and seasonal habitat use pattern","authors":"Baek-Jun Kim, Sangdon Lee","doi":"10.5141/JEFB.2011.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2011.038","url":null,"abstract":"The water deer (Hydropotes inermis) is one of the most primitive extant deer of the family Cervidae. Unlike Chinese water deer, Korean water deer have rarely been studied, even though they have relatively well remained in Korea. In particular, the home range of the Korean water deer has not yet been studied. Here we estimated the home range of the Korean water deer using two different methods (GPS and radio tracking) and analyzed the home range according to sex, time, and season. The mean home range size of four individuals was 2.77 and 0.34 under the 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP) and the 50% kernel (K) method, respectively. There seemed to be a difference in home range size between males (3.30 ) and females (2.25 ) under the 95% MCP method. We also found a difference in home range size between day (1.90 ) and night (2.43 ) by 95% MCP method. In addition, a home range size difference was observed between summer (4.65 ) and spring (0.48 ) or fall (0.85 ) using the 95% MCP method. Water deer seemed to have a larger home range in night than in day, and males also have a larger home range. We presumed that the GPS tracking method of the code division multiple access system could be a very useful tool for understanding the ecology of the water deer using the radio tracking method. Using these tracking methods and through future research, we can better understand the habitat use pattern of these water deer.","PeriodicalId":416654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology and Field Biology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134643923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analysing companion species from unrelated taxa concentrated so far mainly on identifying biosurrogacy in terms of conservation biology. No study has investigated companion bird and plant species to predict breeding and migrant habitats of a bird genus. In this study we recorded and analysed companion bird and plant species of the breeding bird Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca and four migranting Oenanthe species on Cyprus. We found characteristic companion species in Cyprus Wheatear’s, Wheatear migrant’s and in control habitats where no Wheatears were present. We show that plant and bird companion species can be used as discriminating factors to predict breeding and migrant habitats of the genus Oenanthe on Cyprus. Furthermore, habitat preferences of Cyprus Wheatear’s companion species indicate bushy and vegetation rich habitats avoiding woodland on the one hand and managed farmland on the other hand. In comparison, migrant Wheatear and control habitats were characterised by companion species pointing to a high openness. These results support former habitat descriptions of Cyprus Wheatear and migrant Wheatears. In more general, this study shows that companion species from unrelated taxa can be used to predict breeding and migrant habitats of a bird genus.
{"title":"Bird and plant companion species predict breeding and migrant habitats of the genus Oenanthe","authors":"Stefan Pentzold, Constanze Pentzold, C. Randler","doi":"10.5141/JEFB.2011.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2011.031","url":null,"abstract":"Analysing companion species from unrelated taxa concentrated so far mainly on identifying biosurrogacy in terms of conservation biology. No study has investigated companion bird and plant species to predict breeding and migrant habitats of a bird genus. In this study we recorded and analysed companion bird and plant species of the breeding bird Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca and four migranting Oenanthe species on Cyprus. We found characteristic companion species in Cyprus Wheatear’s, Wheatear migrant’s and in control habitats where no Wheatears were present. We show that plant and bird companion species can be used as discriminating factors to predict breeding and migrant habitats of the genus Oenanthe on Cyprus. Furthermore, habitat preferences of Cyprus Wheatear’s companion species indicate bushy and vegetation rich habitats avoiding woodland on the one hand and managed farmland on the other hand. In comparison, migrant Wheatear and control habitats were characterised by companion species pointing to a high openness. These results support former habitat descriptions of Cyprus Wheatear and migrant Wheatears. In more general, this study shows that companion species from unrelated taxa can be used to predict breeding and migrant habitats of a bird genus.","PeriodicalId":416654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology and Field Biology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133144660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the initiation of national Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network activities in the US and China from 1980 and 1988, respectively, and that of the International LTER (ILTER) Network activities from 1993, there are currently more than 40 national/territorial LTER networks developed globally. The developmental stage of each national/territorial LTER network can be evaluated as a fully active network, a consolidating network, or an inactive network. In order for the Korea LTER Network to be promoted from a consolidating network to a fully active network, the categories and criteria for evaluating the stage of the Networks were suggested by stage, current status was evaluated, and further directions were suggested for each category. In this review, the developmental histories of the fully active LTER networks of the US and China were reviewed, and best practices were introduced. In order for the Korea LTER Network to be promoted from a consolidating network to a fully active network, the criteria to be further promoted include: establishing bylaws and organizational entities specified in the bylaws; making strategic plans in science, monitoring, and research; and finding the core mechanism to serve societies in education and outreach. The highest priority is to develop a strategic plan to promote the Korea LTER Network.
{"title":"Current status of Korea Long-Term Ecological Research (KLTER) Network activities compared with the framework activities of the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Networks of the United States and China","authors":"Eun-Shik Kim, Young-sun Kim","doi":"10.5141/JEFB.2011.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2011.004","url":null,"abstract":"Since the initiation of national Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network activities in the US and China from 1980 and 1988, respectively, and that of the International LTER (ILTER) Network activities from 1993, there are currently more than 40 national/territorial LTER networks developed globally. The developmental stage of each national/territorial LTER network can be evaluated as a fully active network, a consolidating network, or an inactive network. In order for the Korea LTER Network to be promoted from a consolidating network to a fully active network, the categories and criteria for evaluating the stage of the Networks were suggested by stage, current status was evaluated, and further directions were suggested for each category. In this review, the developmental histories of the fully active LTER networks of the US and China were reviewed, and best practices were introduced. In order for the Korea LTER Network to be promoted from a consolidating network to a fully active network, the criteria to be further promoted include: establishing bylaws and organizational entities specified in the bylaws; making strategic plans in science, monitoring, and research; and finding the core mechanism to serve societies in education and outreach. The highest priority is to develop a strategic plan to promote the Korea LTER Network.","PeriodicalId":416654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology and Field Biology","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127161017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Han River is the main water resource for the Seoul metropolitan area (Korea) with twenty million people relying on it, and its eutrophication is of great concern for preserving drinking water quality. In this study, long-term trends in biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and suspended solids at a downstream site of the river (St. Gui) are presented from 1989 to 2006 using data from the Ministry of the Environment. Longitudinal distributions in TP, TN, and chlorophyll-a concentration were measured in the downstream reaches between the Paldang Dam and Haengju Bridge. The long-term average BOD was 1.82 ± 0.67 mg/L and showed a decreasing trend, whereas COD did not vary consistently with a long-term average of 3.46 ± 0.87 mg/L, and consequently, the BOD/COD ratio decreased. This pattern can be interpreted as an increasing trend in the nonbiodegradable organic matter/biodegradable organic matter ratio, which can be attributed to enhanced sewage treatment. The long-term record for concentration did not show a consistent delate trend, whereas the seasonal variation was remarkably large with high concentrations during the flood season. In contrast, phytoplankton density was higher during low-flow seasons. It seemed that hydraulic residence time was the major factor controlling phytoplankton, as is typical in a lotic environment, which overwhelmed the effects of other factors such as temperature, nutrients, and solar radiation. In conclusion, BOD has decreased in the lower Han River system, but nonbiodegradable organic matter and phosphorus concentrations have not decreased.
{"title":"Long-term variations in water quality in the lower Han River","authors":"Myoung-sun Shin, Jaeyong Lee, Bomchul Kim, Y. Bae","doi":"10.5141/JEFB.2011.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2011.005","url":null,"abstract":"The Han River is the main water resource for the Seoul metropolitan area (Korea) with twenty million people relying on it, and its eutrophication is of great concern for preserving drinking water quality. In this study, long-term trends in biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and suspended solids at a downstream site of the river (St. Gui) are presented from 1989 to 2006 using data from the Ministry of the Environment. Longitudinal distributions in TP, TN, and chlorophyll-a concentration were measured in the downstream reaches between the Paldang Dam and Haengju Bridge. The long-term average BOD was 1.82 ± 0.67 mg/L and showed a decreasing trend, whereas COD did not vary consistently with a long-term average of 3.46 ± 0.87 mg/L, and consequently, the BOD/COD ratio decreased. This pattern can be interpreted as an increasing trend in the nonbiodegradable organic matter/biodegradable organic matter ratio, which can be attributed to enhanced sewage treatment. The long-term record for concentration did not show a consistent delate trend, whereas the seasonal variation was remarkably large with high concentrations during the flood season. In contrast, phytoplankton density was higher during low-flow seasons. It seemed that hydraulic residence time was the major factor controlling phytoplankton, as is typical in a lotic environment, which overwhelmed the effects of other factors such as temperature, nutrients, and solar radiation. In conclusion, BOD has decreased in the lower Han River system, but nonbiodegradable organic matter and phosphorus concentrations have not decreased.","PeriodicalId":416654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology and Field Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125476288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji Yoon Kim, G. Joo, Yuno Do, Gu-Yeon Kim, Byeonggug Yang, Myungjin Kim, Chang Seok Lee
The Korea National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) was initiated in 2004 by the Korean Ministry of Environment. This project entered its third and final phase in 2010. Committee members have suggested that the project needs to be assessed in terms of its achievement and advised regarding its refinement. In this review, we recapitulated the last 7 years of KNLTER progress for developing further program improvements. We reviewed ecological research before the existing LTER, project initiation, the increase in the number of research sites, and research topics. Then, we briefly exam ine the status of KNLTER and discuss areas for improvement and avenues for further research. The KNLTER established 20 research sites covering 80 topics related to terrestrial, freshwater, coastal, and animal ecology. To strengthen its role in LTER research, KNLTER participants need to confirm standard protocols and data formats for an efficient interaction with other LTER programs. All participants should enhance communication at both the domestic and international levels to reach out and collaborate on research and multidisciplinary studies. Climate change and environmental pollution issues will be solved with a global research network and long-term research projects focusing on this issue.
{"title":"Korea National Long-Term Ecological Research: provision against climate change and environmental pollution (Review)","authors":"Ji Yoon Kim, G. Joo, Yuno Do, Gu-Yeon Kim, Byeonggug Yang, Myungjin Kim, Chang Seok Lee","doi":"10.5141/JEFB.2011.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2011.002","url":null,"abstract":"The Korea National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) was initiated in 2004 by the Korean Ministry of Environment. This project entered its third and final phase in 2010. Committee members have suggested that the project needs to be assessed in terms of its achievement and advised regarding its refinement. In this review, we recapitulated the last 7 years of KNLTER progress for developing further program improvements. We reviewed ecological research before the existing LTER, project initiation, the increase in the number of research sites, and research topics. Then, we briefly exam ine the status of KNLTER and discuss areas for improvement and avenues for further research. The KNLTER established 20 research sites covering 80 topics related to terrestrial, freshwater, coastal, and animal ecology. To strengthen its role in LTER research, KNLTER participants need to confirm standard protocols and data formats for an efficient interaction with other LTER programs. All participants should enhance communication at both the domestic and international levels to reach out and collaborate on research and multidisciplinary studies. Climate change and environmental pollution issues will be solved with a global research network and long-term research projects focusing on this issue.","PeriodicalId":416654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology and Field Biology","volume":"1126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122924358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Joo, Moonsoo Park, Gyung-Soon Kim, Chang-Seok Lee
The Namsan Ecological Tower Site based on a flux tower was equipped with eddy covariance and automatic opening/closing chamber systems to collect long-term continuous measurements of flux, such as the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and soil efflux in a cool-temperate Quercus mongolica forest. The mean concentrations of atmospheric () during the summer were smaller than those measured () during the winter. The mean flux during the summer period was negative (), while that during the winter period was positive (). was deposited from the atmosphere to the surface in the summer. The daily mean value of soil efflux increased from spring to summer. The seasonal pattern in the rate of soil efflux tightly followed the seasonal pattern in soil temperatures. The values for soil efflux varied in a range from 2.12 to 3.26, and increased with increasing soil depth. The maximum value of total carbon uptake (i.e., NEE) during the growing season was . At the same time, the rate of soil efflux was . The amplitude of flux variations in NEE was approximately 14% larger than those in soil efflux. These results suggest that in cool-temperate regions of the Korean peninsula, the forest ecosystem of Q. mongolica may have a larger atmospheric uptake, due primarily to its high photosynthetic capacity and low ecosystem respiration.
{"title":"CO 2 flux in a cool-temperate deciduous forest (Quercus mongolica) of Mt. Nam in Seoul, Korea","authors":"S. Joo, Moonsoo Park, Gyung-Soon Kim, Chang-Seok Lee","doi":"10.5141/JEFB.2011.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2011.012","url":null,"abstract":"The Namsan Ecological Tower Site based on a flux tower was equipped with eddy covariance and automatic opening/closing chamber systems to collect long-term continuous measurements of flux, such as the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and soil efflux in a cool-temperate Quercus mongolica forest. The mean concentrations of atmospheric () during the summer were smaller than those measured () during the winter. The mean flux during the summer period was negative (), while that during the winter period was positive (). was deposited from the atmosphere to the surface in the summer. The daily mean value of soil efflux increased from spring to summer. The seasonal pattern in the rate of soil efflux tightly followed the seasonal pattern in soil temperatures. The values for soil efflux varied in a range from 2.12 to 3.26, and increased with increasing soil depth. The maximum value of total carbon uptake (i.e., NEE) during the growing season was . At the same time, the rate of soil efflux was . The amplitude of flux variations in NEE was approximately 14% larger than those in soil efflux. These results suggest that in cool-temperate regions of the Korean peninsula, the forest ecosystem of Q. mongolica may have a larger atmospheric uptake, due primarily to its high photosynthetic capacity and low ecosystem respiration.","PeriodicalId":416654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology and Field Biology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124491634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Korean National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) project seeks to predict the effects on Korean ecosystems caused by stress derived from environmental changes from a national perspective. The objective of this article about the KNLTER program, continuously supported by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) since 2004, was to inspect the general plans and to evaluate the project for the KNLTER program objectively, and to make suggestions about the developmental direction of the project. As a result of evaluation on the research site, the numbers of research sites in 2010 correspond to 50% of those presented in the basic plan of the KNLTER project. As a result of evaluation on the research contents in the terrestrial ecosystem section of the KNLTER project, monitoring of climatic and atmospheric changes using eco-towers should be conducted over a long-term period. Additionally, the soil respiration part of the study needs to be expanded further in order to better understand soil systems. In the freshwater ecosystem section, we need to establish common standard investigation items, which can be used as indicators of the actual freshwater environment, considering that freshwater ecosystem management is closely related to human life. In the coastal ecosystem section, we should intensively analyze the correlation between the collected data accumulated thus far, as well as environmental changes including climate change, pollution, etc. For very sensible cases such as topographic changes due to rises in sea level, we should generate data applicable to prediction and confrontation for future changes through the continuous addition of variables and applications of a variety of simulation methods. In the animal ecology section, we should evaluate ecosystem changes based on animal phenology by selecting indicator animal species, which can be applied to each relevant ecosystem: namely, terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal ecosystems. As a result of synthetic evaluation conducted under the auspices of KNLTER, the stability of study areas is frequently implicated as the most common problem. If private lands are designated as study sites, it is very difficult to maintain them as study sites for a prolonged period. Therefore, it is necessary to designate national and public lands, such as national or provincial parks, as study sites. Efforts thus far conducted toward the construction of an appropriate database and modeling studies remain insufficient. After investigating the phenology of the specific species growing in all research sites, it is necessary to assess and report the overall changes in Korean ecosystems by applying that knowledge. The collection, analysis, and systematization of recent domestic and foreign research data related to natural ecosystem changes owing to environmental changes such as climate change and environmental pollution have been insufficient. Therefore, studies performed to obtain this in formation should be continuously pursue
{"title":"The enterprising evaluation for the Korean National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) Project for six years (Review)","authors":"Tae-Cheol Rhyu, Byungsoo Yang","doi":"10.5141/JEFB.2011.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2011.003","url":null,"abstract":"The Korean National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) project seeks to predict the effects on Korean ecosystems caused by stress derived from environmental changes from a national perspective. The objective of this article about the KNLTER program, continuously supported by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) since 2004, was to inspect the general plans and to evaluate the project for the KNLTER program objectively, and to make suggestions about the developmental direction of the project. As a result of evaluation on the research site, the numbers of research sites in 2010 correspond to 50% of those presented in the basic plan of the KNLTER project. As a result of evaluation on the research contents in the terrestrial ecosystem section of the KNLTER project, monitoring of climatic and atmospheric changes using eco-towers should be conducted over a long-term period. Additionally, the soil respiration part of the study needs to be expanded further in order to better understand soil systems. In the freshwater ecosystem section, we need to establish common standard investigation items, which can be used as indicators of the actual freshwater environment, considering that freshwater ecosystem management is closely related to human life. In the coastal ecosystem section, we should intensively analyze the correlation between the collected data accumulated thus far, as well as environmental changes including climate change, pollution, etc. For very sensible cases such as topographic changes due to rises in sea level, we should generate data applicable to prediction and confrontation for future changes through the continuous addition of variables and applications of a variety of simulation methods. In the animal ecology section, we should evaluate ecosystem changes based on animal phenology by selecting indicator animal species, which can be applied to each relevant ecosystem: namely, terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal ecosystems. As a result of synthetic evaluation conducted under the auspices of KNLTER, the stability of study areas is frequently implicated as the most common problem. If private lands are designated as study sites, it is very difficult to maintain them as study sites for a prolonged period. Therefore, it is necessary to designate national and public lands, such as national or provincial parks, as study sites. Efforts thus far conducted toward the construction of an appropriate database and modeling studies remain insufficient. After investigating the phenology of the specific species growing in all research sites, it is necessary to assess and report the overall changes in Korean ecosystems by applying that knowledge. The collection, analysis, and systematization of recent domestic and foreign research data related to natural ecosystem changes owing to environmental changes such as climate change and environmental pollution have been insufficient. Therefore, studies performed to obtain this in formation should be continuously pursue","PeriodicalId":416654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology and Field Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128422471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-30DOI: 10.5141/JEFB.2008.31.4.327
J. Kim
Serpentine soils are distributed in a small area in Korea, and generally exhibit high contents of Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co and Mg. We investigated the growth of woody plants and herbs in the Andong serpentine area, Korea. Pinus densiflora and P. rigida growing on serpentine soils have high contents of Fe, Mg, Ni and Co, with contents approximately twice as high as those of non-serpentine plants. Tree species on serpentine soil also had lower ratios of tree height/DBH than trees in a control area. In greenhouse culture experiments on two bodenvag herb species, Setaria viridis and Cymbopogon tortilis, the biomass of the plants was significantly affected by soil type but not by seed origins. After 66 days, the growth of S. viridis and C. tortilis seedlings was significantly inhibited in serpentine soil, and the dry weight of each species showed significant negative correlations with soil heavy metal contents (Ni, Co and Cr). These results suggest that the growth of plants was inhibited by properties of the serpentine soil, and in particular, their high heavy metal concentration, which induced dwarfing in woody plants and reduction of total plant biomass in herbs.
{"title":"Toxic Effects of Serpentine Soils on Plant Growth","authors":"J. Kim","doi":"10.5141/JEFB.2008.31.4.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2008.31.4.327","url":null,"abstract":"Serpentine soils are distributed in a small area in Korea, and generally exhibit high contents of Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co and Mg. We investigated the growth of woody plants and herbs in the Andong serpentine area, Korea. Pinus densiflora and P. rigida growing on serpentine soils have high contents of Fe, Mg, Ni and Co, with contents approximately twice as high as those of non-serpentine plants. Tree species on serpentine soil also had lower ratios of tree height/DBH than trees in a control area. In greenhouse culture experiments on two bodenvag herb species, Setaria viridis and Cymbopogon tortilis, the biomass of the plants was significantly affected by soil type but not by seed origins. After 66 days, the growth of S. viridis and C. tortilis seedlings was significantly inhibited in serpentine soil, and the dry weight of each species showed significant negative correlations with soil heavy metal contents (Ni, Co and Cr). These results suggest that the growth of plants was inhibited by properties of the serpentine soil, and in particular, their high heavy metal concentration, which induced dwarfing in woody plants and reduction of total plant biomass in herbs.","PeriodicalId":416654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology and Field Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125933661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.5141/JEFB.2008.31.4.309
Do young Kim, Chang-Gi Kim, S. Sohn, Sangkyu Park
To develop a monitoring method for soil microbial communities in rice paddy fields, we used terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) to compare soil bacterial community structure in rice paddy fields experiencing different management practices: organic practices, conventional practices without a winter barley rotation, and conventional practices with a winter barley rotation. Restriction fragment length profiles from soils farmed using organic practices showed very different patterns from those from conventional practices with and without barley rotation. In principal component analyses, restriction fragment profiles in organic practice samples were clearly separated from those in conventional practice samples, while principal component analysis did not show a clear separation for soils farmed using conventional practices with and without barley rotation. The cluster analysis showed that the bacterial species compositions of soils under organic practices were signifi- cantly different from those under conventional practices at the 95% level, but soils under conventional practice with and without barley rotation did not significantly differ. Although the loadings from principal component analyses and the Ribosomal DNA Project II databases suggested candidate species important for soils under organic farming practices, it was very difficult to get detailed bacterial species information from terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. Rank-abundance diagrams and diversity indices showed that restriction fragment peaks under organic farming showed high Pielou's Evenness Index and the reciprocal of Simpson Index suggesting high bacterial diversity in organically farmed soils.
{"title":"Comparison of Soil Bacterial Community Structure in Rice Paddy Fields under Different Management Practices using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP)","authors":"Do young Kim, Chang-Gi Kim, S. Sohn, Sangkyu Park","doi":"10.5141/JEFB.2008.31.4.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2008.31.4.309","url":null,"abstract":"To develop a monitoring method for soil microbial communities in rice paddy fields, we used terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) to compare soil bacterial community structure in rice paddy fields experiencing different management practices: organic practices, conventional practices without a winter barley rotation, and conventional practices with a winter barley rotation. Restriction fragment length profiles from soils farmed using organic practices showed very different patterns from those from conventional practices with and without barley rotation. In principal component analyses, restriction fragment profiles in organic practice samples were clearly separated from those in conventional practice samples, while principal component analysis did not show a clear separation for soils farmed using conventional practices with and without barley rotation. The cluster analysis showed that the bacterial species compositions of soils under organic practices were signifi- cantly different from those under conventional practices at the 95% level, but soils under conventional practice with and without barley rotation did not significantly differ. Although the loadings from principal component analyses and the Ribosomal DNA Project II databases suggested candidate species important for soils under organic farming practices, it was very difficult to get detailed bacterial species information from terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. Rank-abundance diagrams and diversity indices showed that restriction fragment peaks under organic farming showed high Pielou's Evenness Index and the reciprocal of Simpson Index suggesting high bacterial diversity in organically farmed soils.","PeriodicalId":416654,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ecology and Field Biology","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133503938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-31DOI: 10.5141/JEFB.2008.31.3.233
P. Verdonschot
Functional feeding groups (FFGs) of benthic macroinvertebrates are guilds of invertebrate taxa that obtain food in similar ways, regardless of their taxonomic affinities. They can represent a heterogeneous assemblage of benthic fauna and may indicate disturbances of their habitats. The proportion of different groups can change in response to disturbances that affect the food base of the system, thereby offering a means of assessing disruption of ecosystem functioning. In this study, we used benthic macroinvertebrate communities collected at 650 sites of 23 different water types in the province of Overijssel, The Netherlands. Physical and chemical environmental factors were measured at each sampling site. Each taxon was assigned to its corresponding FFG based on its food resources. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) using a backpropagation algorithm, a supervised artificial neural network, was applied to evaluate the influence of environmental variables to the FFGs of benthic macroinvertebrates through a sensitivity analysis. In the evaluation of input variables, the sensitivity analysis with partial derivatives demonstrates the relative importance of influential environmental variables on the FFG, showing that different variables influence the FFG in various ways. Collector-filterers and shredders were mainly influenced by Ca²+ and width of the streams, and scrapers were influenced mostly with Ca²+ and depth, and predators were by depth and pH. Ca²+ and depth displayed relatively high influence on all four FFGs, while some variables such as pH, %gravel, %silt, and %bank affected specific groups. This approach can help to characterize community structure and to ecologically assess target ecosystems.
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