Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.95
Byeong-Heun Lee
This study derives a predictive equation for calculating the marginal heat release rate of flashover in a compartmentalized space. Moreover, other variables (in addition to the surface area and opening area of the compartment, which are used as variables is existing studies) were derived and modified. By collecting and analyzing the results of existing flashover experiments, the thermal inertia of the compartment wall was judged to be a variable that directly affects the indoor temperature rise. An equation constructed using this variable was found to be up to 6.5% more reliable than the existing predictive equations. However, for use in design prediction, the developed equation had to be adjusted to derive values lower than the experimental results; thus, an equation that corrected the safety rate was derived. From this calculation, a design prediction equation was derived, from which flashover is predicted to occur before the time predicted in existing experiments.
{"title":"Prediction of Limit of Heat Release Rate during Flashover in a Compartment Space","authors":"Byeong-Heun Lee","doi":"10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.95","url":null,"abstract":"This study derives a predictive equation for calculating the marginal heat release rate of flashover in a compartmentalized space. Moreover, other variables (in addition to the surface area and opening area of the compartment, which are used as variables is existing studies) were derived and modified. By collecting and analyzing the results of existing flashover experiments, the thermal inertia of the compartment wall was judged to be a variable that directly affects the indoor temperature rise. An equation constructed using this variable was found to be up to 6.5% more reliable than the existing predictive equations. However, for use in design prediction, the developed equation had to be adjusted to derive values lower than the experimental results; thus, an equation that corrected the safety rate was derived. From this calculation, a design prediction equation was derived, from which flashover is predicted to occur before the time predicted in existing experiments.","PeriodicalId":416980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122673233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.185
Chang-Ho Song, Ji-Sung Lee, Duy NGUYEN HO HONG, Yun-Tae Kim
In recent years, owing to climate change various slope disasters are rising. Debris flow causes large damage to human life and social infrastructure. Generally, the vulnerability assessment of slope disasters is carried out using vulnerability curve, which consists of hazard intensity and damage index. A vulnerability curve needs to be highly reliable. In this study, GIS-based topographical characteristics and the information about 27 debris flow events that occurred between 2011 and 2020 were collected and analyzed. The hazard intensity of the debris flow events was evaluated considering entrainment of soils and buildings. Two types of buildings, non-reinforced concrete structure (non-RC) and reinforced concrete structure (RC frame) were classified into four types of vulnerability indices (slight, moderate, extensive, and complete) based on the degree of damage to the building. The relationship between the hazard intensity and the degree of damage to the building was studied through nonlinear regression analysis to derive a vulnerability curve according to the hazard intensity. The proposed vulnerability curve can be used as fundamental data for the vulnerability assessment of landslide disasters.
{"title":"Development of Physical Vulnerability Curve based on Debris Flow Events","authors":"Chang-Ho Song, Ji-Sung Lee, Duy NGUYEN HO HONG, Yun-Tae Kim","doi":"10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.185","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, owing to climate change various slope disasters are rising. Debris flow causes large damage to human life and social infrastructure. Generally, the vulnerability assessment of slope disasters is carried out using vulnerability curve, which consists of hazard intensity and damage index. A vulnerability curve needs to be highly reliable. In this study, GIS-based topographical characteristics and the information about 27 debris flow events that occurred between 2011 and 2020 were collected and analyzed. The hazard intensity of the debris flow events was evaluated considering entrainment of soils and buildings. Two types of buildings, non-reinforced concrete structure (non-RC) and reinforced concrete structure (RC frame) were classified into four types of vulnerability indices (slight, moderate, extensive, and complete) based on the degree of damage to the building. The relationship between the hazard intensity and the degree of damage to the building was studied through nonlinear regression analysis to derive a vulnerability curve according to the hazard intensity. The proposed vulnerability curve can be used as fundamental data for the vulnerability assessment of landslide disasters.","PeriodicalId":416980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114666820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.23
Sejeon Lee, Taesam Lee, Joo‐Heon Lee
The frequency and severity of droughts are increasing due to climate change and environmental disturbances brought on due to human development, making drought warning an essential tool in mitigating their effects. Drought warning can, however, be easily overlooked if people disregard its significance or repress water managers with the result of the drought warning. Therefore, in the current study, we developed an Alarm Grit Ratio (AGR) for drought warning to assess how active these have been thus far, and was estimated the ratio for the current drought in Korea from 2021 to 2023. The Korea Meteorological Administration issued three drought warnings, which were classified as agricultural, meteorological, and residential and industrial droughts. We proposed two indices to indicate how an institution issues a drought warning as a forecast for the actual drought warning that follows. These indices were AGR and Transitional Alarm Grit Ratio (TAGR). AGR measures how frequently an institute issues a drought warning forecast based on the number of actual warning conditions. Analysis of the current drought (2021–2023) indicates the issuance of warnings, while TAGR indicates the ratio of the drought warning issuance at each drought. The AGR and TAGR for the agricultural and meteorological droughts indicate underissuance of drought warnings, whereas warnings for residential and industrial droughts were appropriately issued due to the drought impact on residences and industries. Overall, we concludes that AGR and TAGR can be useful indicators of how actively an institution issues drought warnings. An institution in charge of drought warning can track these measurements and control the frequency of drought warnings by including AGR and TAGR data.
{"title":"Development of Alarm Grit Ratio for Drought Forecasting and Its Application to the 2021–2023 Drought","authors":"Sejeon Lee, Taesam Lee, Joo‐Heon Lee","doi":"10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.23","url":null,"abstract":"The frequency and severity of droughts are increasing due to climate change and environmental disturbances brought on due to human development, making drought warning an essential tool in mitigating their effects. Drought warning can, however, be easily overlooked if people disregard its significance or repress water managers with the result of the drought warning. Therefore, in the current study, we developed an Alarm Grit Ratio (AGR) for drought warning to assess how active these have been thus far, and was estimated the ratio for the current drought in Korea from 2021 to 2023. The Korea Meteorological Administration issued three drought warnings, which were classified as agricultural, meteorological, and residential and industrial droughts. We proposed two indices to indicate how an institution issues a drought warning as a forecast for the actual drought warning that follows. These indices were AGR and Transitional Alarm Grit Ratio (TAGR). AGR measures how frequently an institute issues a drought warning forecast based on the number of actual warning conditions. Analysis of the current drought (2021–2023) indicates the issuance of warnings, while TAGR indicates the ratio of the drought warning issuance at each drought. The AGR and TAGR for the agricultural and meteorological droughts indicate underissuance of drought warnings, whereas warnings for residential and industrial droughts were appropriately issued due to the drought impact on residences and industries. Overall, we concludes that AGR and TAGR can be useful indicators of how actively an institution issues drought warnings. An institution in charge of drought warning can track these measurements and control the frequency of drought warnings by including AGR and TAGR data.","PeriodicalId":416980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123828576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.71
O. Kweon, Heungyoul Kim, Hyun Kang
This study examined the risk of vertical fire spread on exterior walls subjected to flame ejection by measuring temperature and heat flux during real-scale fire experiments. The fire experiment was conducted in a mock-up measuring 2.4(L) × 3.6(W) × 2.4(H) m. Wood cribs were used as the combustible material, and heptane as the initial ignition source. The mock-up featured two singular openings of different dimensions, 2.2(L) × 2.0(H) m (#1) and 2.2(L) × 1.0(H) m (#2), on its front side. Temperature and heat flux variations were measured at the upper part (0.0 m) and on the exterior upper wall (0.5 and 1.0 m) of the mock-up. The maximum heat flux was 15.0 kW/m2 at location #1 and 42.4 kW/m2 at location #2. The maximum temperature was 291.0 ℃ at location #1 and 626.4 ℃ at location #2. This study examined the burning rate of the compartment and the impact of the opening size on the radiant heat and temperature of the exterior walls.
{"title":"Investigating the Impact of Opening Size on Fire Spread Across Vertical Exterior Surfaces","authors":"O. Kweon, Heungyoul Kim, Hyun Kang","doi":"10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.71","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the risk of vertical fire spread on exterior walls subjected to flame ejection by measuring temperature and heat flux during real-scale fire experiments. The fire experiment was conducted in a mock-up measuring 2.4(L) × 3.6(W) × 2.4(H) m. Wood cribs were used as the combustible material, and heptane as the initial ignition source. The mock-up featured two singular openings of different dimensions, 2.2(L) × 2.0(H) m (#1) and 2.2(L) × 1.0(H) m (#2), on its front side. Temperature and heat flux variations were measured at the upper part (0.0 m) and on the exterior upper wall (0.5 and 1.0 m) of the mock-up. The maximum heat flux was 15.0 kW/m2 at location #1 and 42.4 kW/m2 at location #2. The maximum temperature was 291.0 ℃ at location #1 and 626.4 ℃ at location #2. This study examined the burning rate of the compartment and the impact of the opening size on the radiant heat and temperature of the exterior walls.","PeriodicalId":416980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116103658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.233
Taegyun Kim, Jae-Kook Park, S. Hwang, Taesam Lee
For small rivers and reservoirs, a flood early warning system (FEWS) is generally used to prepare for sudden flood events whose impact is augmented from homonized environment and climate change. Currently, a FEWS requires the installation of a water gauge, typically on a bridge. This is a limitation of the FEWS owing to the possibility of existence of areas that are more vulnerable than the bridge. Therefore, to analyze the flood risk over the entire target basin, a procedure to install a FEWS was proposed. First, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based photogrammetry information is analyzed to preselect flood-prone areas. Second, further investigation including the ground surveying is followed for the preselected areas. Finally, the flood amount is estimated and the UAV photogrammetry information for issuing the alarm levels of the FEWS. For this purpose, Malgol Reservoir, a reservoir with high-risk level from floods, containing residential areas was selected as the current study area. Eleven flood-prone points were identified by analyzing the UAV photogrammetry information. Then, the flooding point with the lowest flood volume among the 11 points was selected as the most vulnerable point; this section was located at 464 m from the Malgol Reservoir spillway in the downstream direction. The warning alarm for the basin-wide FEWS could be issued according to the embankment of the most vulnerable section. This ensured the safety over the entire basin including the reservoir and its downstream area. The proposed procedure can overcome the limitations of the current bridge water level-based analysis by employing UAV-photogrammetry information of the entire basin and considering the entire flood-prone cross-sections.
{"title":"Whole Watershed-based Estimation of FEWS Installation Site Using UAV Photogrammetry","authors":"Taegyun Kim, Jae-Kook Park, S. Hwang, Taesam Lee","doi":"10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.233","url":null,"abstract":"For small rivers and reservoirs, a flood early warning system (FEWS) is generally used to prepare for sudden flood events whose impact is augmented from homonized environment and climate change. Currently, a FEWS requires the installation of a water gauge, typically on a bridge. This is a limitation of the FEWS owing to the possibility of existence of areas that are more vulnerable than the bridge. Therefore, to analyze the flood risk over the entire target basin, a procedure to install a FEWS was proposed. First, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based photogrammetry information is analyzed to preselect flood-prone areas. Second, further investigation including the ground surveying is followed for the preselected areas. Finally, the flood amount is estimated and the UAV photogrammetry information for issuing the alarm levels of the FEWS. For this purpose, Malgol Reservoir, a reservoir with high-risk level from floods, containing residential areas was selected as the current study area. Eleven flood-prone points were identified by analyzing the UAV photogrammetry information. Then, the flooding point with the lowest flood volume among the 11 points was selected as the most vulnerable point; this section was located at 464 m from the Malgol Reservoir spillway in the downstream direction. The warning alarm for the basin-wide FEWS could be issued according to the embankment of the most vulnerable section. This ensured the safety over the entire basin including the reservoir and its downstream area. The proposed procedure can overcome the limitations of the current bridge water level-based analysis by employing UAV-photogrammetry information of the entire basin and considering the entire flood-prone cross-sections.","PeriodicalId":416980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126857466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.157
Jin-Su Son, Jin-Young* Lee
In this study, the bond shear strength and corrosion resistance of concrete with setting retarders were evaluated. For this, slant shear, bi-surface, and accelerated corrosion tests were conducted. The variables considered included the proportion of the setting retarder (0 and 1%), surface treatments of concrete (as-cast, chipping, and brushing), curing hours (8, 16, and 24 h), and concrete cover depths (20, 30, and 45 mm). Consequently, the bond shear strength of concrete with the retarder showed a higher value than that of normal concrete. Moreover, an increase in curing hours resulted in a higher value of the bond shear strength. Furthermore, the addition of a retarder in concrete increased corrosion resistance. Based on the test results, the addition of a setting retarder is believed to be a suitable solution to address the bond shear strength and durability issues that may arise at the interface of delayed concrete placement.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Bond Shear Strength and Corrosion Resistance of Concrete with Setting Retarder","authors":"Jin-Su Son, Jin-Young* Lee","doi":"10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.4.157","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the bond shear strength and corrosion resistance of concrete with setting retarders were evaluated. For this, slant shear, bi-surface, and accelerated corrosion tests were conducted. The variables considered included the proportion of the setting retarder (0 and 1%), surface treatments of concrete (as-cast, chipping, and brushing), curing hours (8, 16, and 24 h), and concrete cover depths (20, 30, and 45 mm). Consequently, the bond shear strength of concrete with the retarder showed a higher value than that of normal concrete. Moreover, an increase in curing hours resulted in a higher value of the bond shear strength. Furthermore, the addition of a retarder in concrete increased corrosion resistance. Based on the test results, the addition of a setting retarder is believed to be a suitable solution to address the bond shear strength and durability issues that may arise at the interface of delayed concrete placement.","PeriodicalId":416980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127159995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.9798/kosham.2023.23.3.83
Jungju Park, Donmook Choi
An auxiliary radio communication system is a fire extinguishing system necessary for smooth radio communication between a fire brigade and the ground command departments performing fire extinguishing and rescue activities at disaster sites such as basements, tunnels, and high-rise buildings. The ability to provide smooth communication between the command and field personnel at the disaster site determines the success of the operation. However, the reinforced concrete structures used in modern buildings reflect, refract, and diffract radio waves. Thus, they represent the largest obstacles to transmission and reception. To compensate for this aspect, leaky coaxial cables and antennas can be installed to enable stable radio communication between fire departments. Nevertheless, at most fire and rescue sites, auxiliary radio communication systems are rarely used. This is because the existing connection terminal box method is inconvenient for firefighters, as the range of transmission and reception is limited and communication is substandard. In general, fire safety standards were revised after converting firefighting radios to digital transmission owing to the revision of the Radio Act, but the problems in areas such as design, supervision, and inspection did not improve. In this study, fire and rescue activities are performed with smooth communication at disaster sites by analyzing and addressing the problems of auxiliary radio communication systems.
{"title":"Improvement and Utilization of Auxiliary Radio Communication System","authors":"Jungju Park, Donmook Choi","doi":"10.9798/kosham.2023.23.3.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.3.83","url":null,"abstract":"An auxiliary radio communication system is a fire extinguishing system necessary for smooth radio communication between a fire brigade and the ground command departments performing fire extinguishing and rescue activities at disaster sites such as basements, tunnels, and high-rise buildings. The ability to provide smooth communication between the command and field personnel at the disaster site determines the success of the operation. However, the reinforced concrete structures used in modern buildings reflect, refract, and diffract radio waves. Thus, they represent the largest obstacles to transmission and reception. To compensate for this aspect, leaky coaxial cables and antennas can be installed to enable stable radio communication between fire departments. Nevertheless, at most fire and rescue sites, auxiliary radio communication systems are rarely used. This is because the existing connection terminal box method is inconvenient for firefighters, as the range of transmission and reception is limited and communication is substandard. In general, fire safety standards were revised after converting firefighting radios to digital transmission owing to the revision of the Radio Act, but the problems in areas such as design, supervision, and inspection did not improve. In this study, fire and rescue activities are performed with smooth communication at disaster sites by analyzing and addressing the problems of auxiliary radio communication systems.","PeriodicalId":416980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115272573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.9798/kosham.2023.23.3.13
Minjoung Kang, Sung-bae Kim, Sangseup Kim
Building fires can lead to loss of human lives and economic damage, as well as secondary damage due to collapsing buildings. Consequently, fire resistance performance of structural members has been garnering considerable interest in Korea. Fireproof structures are applied on the basis of the specification design. However, recent research results that focus on application of performance design have been published through a research project by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport. Therefore, in this study, composite beam specimens coated with fire-resistant material were manufactured, and fire resistance tests were conducted for 3 h. Additionally, finite element analysis was performed under the same shape and conditions to verify the reliability of the fire resistance analysis, which was conducted by varying the thickness of the fire-resistant coating.
{"title":"A Study on the Thickness of Fire-Resistant Spray of U-shaped Composite Beams through Fire Resistance Test and Analysis","authors":"Minjoung Kang, Sung-bae Kim, Sangseup Kim","doi":"10.9798/kosham.2023.23.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"Building fires can lead to loss of human lives and economic damage, as well as secondary damage due to collapsing buildings. Consequently, fire resistance performance of structural members has been garnering considerable interest in Korea. Fireproof structures are applied on the basis of the specification design. However, recent research results that focus on application of performance design have been published through a research project by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport. Therefore, in this study, composite beam specimens coated with fire-resistant material were manufactured, and fire resistance tests were conducted for 3 h. Additionally, finite element analysis was performed under the same shape and conditions to verify the reliability of the fire resistance analysis, which was conducted by varying the thickness of the fire-resistant coating.","PeriodicalId":416980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130847175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.9798/kosham.2023.23.3.33
J. Moon, Jaerock Park, S. Kwon, Jaemoon Kim
Urbanization and climate change produce distortions in urban water circulation. This issue can be resolved using a stormwater management technique called Low Impact Development (LID), which mimics natural processes and restores the hydrological state as it was before development. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a LID facility and calculate the runoff reduction and delay effect. The test-bed is a green wall of the Korea GI & LID Center. Scenarios for 30 mm/hr, 50 mm/hr, and 70 mm/hr were set based on the percentile of rainfall events from 2012 to 2021 in Geumjeong-gu, Busan. By setting an impervious surface as the control group, runoff reduction was found to be 91%~94% of 30 mm/hr, 50 mm/hr, and 70 mm/hr. The total outflow time increased by 47, 88, and 58 minutes, respectively, demonstrating the effect of reduced runoff and delayed time. A storm water management model (SWMM) was constructed to evaluate this effect quantitatively. Verification and correction were done using the experiment results. R2 was 0.96~0.98 for the test and 0.93~0.94 for the correction. This paper thus verified the retention effectiveness performance of a green wall and analyzed its quantitative effect through a SWMM. The study findings can be used as a guideline to test parameter-wise hydrological performance of the model.
{"title":"A Study on the Retention Effectiveness Analysis of a Green Wall as a Low Impact Development (LID) Facility","authors":"J. Moon, Jaerock Park, S. Kwon, Jaemoon Kim","doi":"10.9798/kosham.2023.23.3.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.3.33","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization and climate change produce distortions in urban water circulation. This issue can be resolved using a stormwater management technique called Low Impact Development (LID), which mimics natural processes and restores the hydrological state as it was before development. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a LID facility and calculate the runoff reduction and delay effect. The test-bed is a green wall of the Korea GI & LID Center. Scenarios for 30 mm/hr, 50 mm/hr, and 70 mm/hr were set based on the percentile of rainfall events from 2012 to 2021 in Geumjeong-gu, Busan. By setting an impervious surface as the control group, runoff reduction was found to be 91%~94% of 30 mm/hr, 50 mm/hr, and 70 mm/hr. The total outflow time increased by 47, 88, and 58 minutes, respectively, demonstrating the effect of reduced runoff and delayed time. A storm water management model (SWMM) was constructed to evaluate this effect quantitatively. Verification and correction were done using the experiment results. R2 was 0.96~0.98 for the test and 0.93~0.94 for the correction. This paper thus verified the retention effectiveness performance of a green wall and analyzed its quantitative effect through a SWMM. The study findings can be used as a guideline to test parameter-wise hydrological performance of the model.","PeriodicalId":416980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123338769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.9798/kosham.2023.23.3.95
Soon-hee Lim, Ha-sung Kong
The purpose of this preliminary study was to analyze the effectiveness and variability of the flame retardant performances of different flame retardants with different main ingredients. This study selected plywood made of oak and three types of flame retardants with different main ingredients. The flame retardant performance measurements were conducted according to Article 31, Paragraph 2 of the “Enforcement Rule of the Fire Safety Installation and Management Act” and Article 7-2 of the “Flame Retardant Performance Test of Flame Retardant Materials.” The flame retardant performance of the plywood was also measured according to the domestic legal standard. The following conclusions were drawn. First, the after-flame and after-glow times were both measured as 0 seconds regardless of the flame retardant treatment. This was presumed to be because oak plywood is made from a species of oak tree that is naturally fire-resistant owing to its thick bark layer. Second, the flame retardant performances differed depending on the main ingredient of the flame retardant used on the oak plywood. The experimental results confirmed that a phosphorus mixture was the most effective main ingredient. Third, based on the results of this study and previous studies, it was confirmed that flame retardant performances vary depending on their main ingredients and composition ratios, as well as according to the tree species and type of flame retardant. Therefore, it is necessary to continue researching and comparing flame retardant performances through quantitative measurements based on the main ingredients and composition ratios for various tree species and flame retardants.
{"title":"Flame Retardant Performance of Oak Plywood According to Main Ingredients of Flame Retardant","authors":"Soon-hee Lim, Ha-sung Kong","doi":"10.9798/kosham.2023.23.3.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.3.95","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this preliminary study was to analyze the effectiveness and variability of the flame retardant performances of different flame retardants with different main ingredients. This study selected plywood made of oak and three types of flame retardants with different main ingredients. The flame retardant performance measurements were conducted according to Article 31, Paragraph 2 of the “Enforcement Rule of the Fire Safety Installation and Management Act” and Article 7-2 of the “Flame Retardant Performance Test of Flame Retardant Materials.” The flame retardant performance of the plywood was also measured according to the domestic legal standard. The following conclusions were drawn. First, the after-flame and after-glow times were both measured as 0 seconds regardless of the flame retardant treatment. This was presumed to be because oak plywood is made from a species of oak tree that is naturally fire-resistant owing to its thick bark layer. Second, the flame retardant performances differed depending on the main ingredient of the flame retardant used on the oak plywood. The experimental results confirmed that a phosphorus mixture was the most effective main ingredient. Third, based on the results of this study and previous studies, it was confirmed that flame retardant performances vary depending on their main ingredients and composition ratios, as well as according to the tree species and type of flame retardant. Therefore, it is necessary to continue researching and comparing flame retardant performances through quantitative measurements based on the main ingredients and composition ratios for various tree species and flame retardants.","PeriodicalId":416980,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126310786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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