L. Zuev, S. Barannikova, V. Danilov, V. Gorbatenko
New representations concerning plasticity physics in crystals are discussed. The model of plastic flow is suggested, which can describe its main regularities. With the use of the experimental investigation, it is shown that the plastic flow localization plays the role in the evolution of plastic deformation. Obtained data are explained with the application of the principles of nonequilibrium-systems’ theory. The quasi-particle is introduced for the description of plasticity phenomenon. It is established the relation between plasticity characteristics of metals and their position in Periodic table of the elements. A new model is elaborated to address localized plastic-flow evolution in solids. The basic assumption of the proposed model is that the elementary plasticity acts evolving in the deforming of medium would generate acoustic emission pulses, which interact with the plasticity carriers and initiate new elementary shears. As found experimentally, the macrolocalization of plastic flow involves a variety of autowave processes. To address the phenomenon of localized plastic-flow autowaves, a new quasi-particle called ‘autolocalizon’ is introduced; the criterion of validity of the concept is assessed.
{"title":"Plasticity: from Crystal Lattice to Macroscopic Phenomena","authors":"L. Zuev, S. Barannikova, V. Danilov, V. Gorbatenko","doi":"10.15407/UFM.22.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/UFM.22.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"New representations concerning plasticity physics in crystals are discussed. The model of plastic flow is suggested, which can describe its main regularities. With the use of the experimental investigation, it is shown that the plastic flow localization plays the role in the evolution of plastic deformation. Obtained data are explained with the application of the principles of nonequilibrium-systems’ theory. The quasi-particle is introduced for the description of plasticity phenomenon. It is established the relation between plasticity characteristics of metals and their position in Periodic table of the elements. A new model is elaborated to address localized plastic-flow evolution in solids. The basic assumption of the proposed model is that the elementary plasticity acts evolving in the deforming of medium would generate acoustic emission pulses, which interact with the plasticity carriers and initiate new elementary shears. As found experimentally, the macrolocalization of plastic flow involves a variety of autowave processes. To address the phenomenon of localized plastic-flow autowaves, a new quasi-particle called ‘autolocalizon’ is introduced; the criterion of validity of the concept is assessed.","PeriodicalId":41786,"journal":{"name":"Uspekhi Fiziki Metallov-Progress in Physics of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44652402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As known, the surface phenomena play a crucial role in the formation of strong interatomic bonds while joining dissimilar materials and the deposition of metal films. Thus, the presence of various contaminants, including oxides, on the metal surface reduces drastically the metal surface energy, thereby, preventing the diffusion processes in the contact zone and wetting them with liquid solder and adhesion of condensed films on the substrate surface. As a result, the processes of cleaning (activating) of metal surfaces before welding or coatings’ deposition begin to play a significant role. In some cases, metal surfaces have to be modified in order to give them the desired properties. Recently, for activation and modification of surfaces before welding and coatings’ deposition, gas-discharge plasma of abnormal glow discharge is widely used. The latter allows treating the surfaces of different configurations, including internal cavities, and various areas from units to tens of thousands of square centimetres. This review contains the results of research on the activation and modification of metal surfaces with low-energy ions (< 10 keV) initiated in the plasma of an abnormal glow discharge for welding, brazing, and coatings’ deposition. Particularly, we present results of studies of ion treatment with the glow discharge surface of samples, which are made of steels С45 and DC04, a number of active metals and alloys as well as chromium-containing steels 41Cr4, X20Cr13, and X6CrNiTi18-10, which possess the chemically and thermally stable Cr2O3 oxides on their surfaces. The decisive influence on the efficiency of purification and modification of metal surfaces with glow discharge by means of such regime parameters as electrode voltage, discharge current density, working chamber pressure, and ion exposure time is indicated. The optimal values of these parameters, in most cases, are determined by the technological conditions of the process and vary in the following ranges: U = 1500–3500 V, J = 0.4–1 mA/cm2, P = 3.99–7.98 Pa, t = 120–300 s, respectively.
众所周知，表面现象在连接不同材料时形成强原子间键和沉积金属薄膜方面起着至关重要的作用。因此，金属表面上各种污染物(包括氧化物)的存在极大地降低了金属表面能，从而阻止了接触区中的扩散过程，并使它们被液态焊料润湿，并在衬底表面上粘附冷凝膜。因此，焊接或涂层沉积前的金属表面清洗(活化)过程开始发挥重要作用。在某些情况下，必须对金属表面进行修改，以使其具有所需的性能。近年来，异常辉光放电气体放电等离子体被广泛用于焊接前表面的活化和改性以及镀层的沉积。后者允许处理不同结构的表面，包括内部腔，以及从单位到数万平方厘米的各种区域。本文综述了在异常辉光放电等离子体中激发低能离子(< 10 keV)活化和修饰金属表面的研究结果，用于焊接、钎焊和涂层沉积。特别是，我们介绍了离子处理样品辉光放电表面的研究结果，这些样品由钢С45和DC04，许多活性金属和合金以及含铬钢41Cr4, X20Cr13和X6CrNiTi18-10制成，它们的表面具有化学和热稳定的Cr2O3氧化物。指出了电极电压、放电电流密度、工作腔压力和离子暴露时间等状态参数对金属表面发光放电净化修饰效率的决定性影响。在大多数情况下，这些参数的最优值由工艺条件决定，其变化范围分别为:U = 1500-3500 V, J = 0.4-1 mA/cm2, P = 3.99-7.98 Pa, t = 120-300 s。
{"title":"Application of Glow Discharge Plasma for Cleaning (Activation) and Modification of Metal Surfaces while Welding, Brazing, and Coating Deposition","authors":"M. Bolotov, I. Prybytko","doi":"10.15407/UFM.22.01.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/UFM.22.01.103","url":null,"abstract":"As known, the surface phenomena play a crucial role in the formation of strong interatomic bonds while joining dissimilar materials and the deposition of metal films. Thus, the presence of various contaminants, including oxides, on the metal surface reduces drastically the metal surface energy, thereby, preventing the diffusion processes in the contact zone and wetting them with liquid solder and adhesion of condensed films on the substrate surface. As a result, the processes of cleaning (activating) of metal surfaces before welding or coatings’ deposition begin to play a significant role. In some cases, metal surfaces have to be modified in order to give them the desired properties. Recently, for activation and modification of surfaces before welding and coatings’ deposition, gas-discharge plasma of abnormal glow discharge is widely used. The latter allows treating the surfaces of different configurations, including internal cavities, and various areas from units to tens of thousands of square centimetres. This review contains the results of research on the activation and modification of metal surfaces with low-energy ions (< 10 keV) initiated in the plasma of an abnormal glow discharge for welding, brazing, and coatings’ deposition. Particularly, we present results of studies of ion treatment with the glow discharge surface of samples, which are made of steels С45 and DC04, a number of active metals and alloys as well as chromium-containing steels 41Cr4, X20Cr13, and X6CrNiTi18-10, which possess the chemically and thermally stable Cr2O3 oxides on their surfaces. The decisive influence on the efficiency of purification and modification of metal surfaces with glow discharge by means of such regime parameters as electrode voltage, discharge current density, working chamber pressure, and ion exposure time is indicated. The optimal values of these parameters, in most cases, are determined by the technological conditions of the process and vary in the following ranges: U = 1500–3500 V, J = 0.4–1 mA/cm2, P = 3.99–7.98 Pa, t = 120–300 s, respectively.","PeriodicalId":41786,"journal":{"name":"Uspekhi Fiziki Metallov-Progress in Physics of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47265122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Ivanov, V. Gromov, D. Zaguliaev, S. Konovalov, Yu. A. Rubannikova, A. Semin
recent papers on the application of intense pulsed electron beams for surface treatment of metals, alloys, metalloceramic and ceramic materials are reviewed. The advantages of pulsed electron beam application as compared with laser beams, plasma flows, ion beams are mentioned. Promising trends of the electron-beam processing application are analysed: (1) the surface smoothing, the elimination of surface microcracks with simultaneous change in structural-phase state of the surface layer for creating the high production technologies of finishing treatment of critical metal products of intricate shape from Ti–6Al–4V alloy and titanium, steels of different ters, such as (i) accelerating voltage, (ii) energy density of electron beam, (iii) pulse number, and (iv) pulse length, it is possible to control thoroughly and/or to ma-nipulate the characteristics of structural-phase state and properties of surface. As noted, the important factor for improvement of the material properties and service duration of devices manufactured from it, there is the modification of structure in order to form a submicro- and nanosize grain (or subgrain) structure.
{"title":"Prospects for the Application of Surface Treatment of Alloys by Electron Beams in State-of-the-Art Technologies","authors":"Y. Ivanov, V. Gromov, D. Zaguliaev, S. Konovalov, Yu. A. Rubannikova, A. Semin","doi":"10.15407/ufm.21.03.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.21.03.345","url":null,"abstract":"recent papers on the application of intense pulsed electron beams for surface treatment of metals, alloys, metalloceramic and ceramic materials are reviewed. The advantages of pulsed electron beam application as compared with laser beams, plasma flows, ion beams are mentioned. Promising trends of the electron-beam processing application are analysed: (1) the surface smoothing, the elimination of surface microcracks with simultaneous change in structural-phase state of the surface layer for creating the high production technologies of finishing treatment of critical metal products of intricate shape from Ti–6Al–4V alloy and titanium, steels of different ters, such as (i) accelerating voltage, (ii) energy density of electron beam, (iii) pulse number, and (iv) pulse length, it is possible to control thoroughly and/or to ma-nipulate the characteristics of structural-phase state and properties of surface. As noted, the important factor for improvement of the material properties and service duration of devices manufactured from it, there is the modification of structure in order to form a submicro- and nanosize grain (or subgrain) structure.","PeriodicalId":41786,"journal":{"name":"Uspekhi Fiziki Metallov-Progress in Physics of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41630782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advantages and restrictions of different positron spectroscopy methods in the study of electronic properties of multilayer carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with metallic and semiconductor types of conductivity are considered. The defects’ influence on the parameters of the MWCNTs’ electronic structure is established via method of the angular correlation of annihilation radiation (ACAR). Analysis of the results shows that annihilation occurs with both σ -electrons (within the interlayer intervals), quasi-free electrons, and electrons of unsaturated covalent bonds. As determined, the increase in the defects’ concentration results to an increase in the radius of localization of the electron wave function ( r m 1 ) within the interlayer inter-vals and to an increase in the quasi-free electron concentration. Due to the formation of edge dislocations in the MWCNTs, the doubling of r m 1 (up to 0.25 nm), the hybridization of unsaturated and stretched σ -bonds, and, as a consequence, the increase of the concentration of conduction electrons occurs. The high sensitivity of the positrons to defects can be used to develop methods of MWCNTs’ attestation and defect identification; the 2 r mb , 2 r mi , and R values obtained from the ACAR spectra are the thickness of the layer, the interlayer distance, and the effective radius of free volume of the MWCNTs, respectively. ñòè. Ìåòîäîì óãëîâîé êîððåëÿöèè àííèãèëÿöèîííîãî èçëó÷åíèÿ (ÓÊÀÈ) óñòàíîâëåíî âëèÿíèå äåôåêòîâ íà ïàðàìåòðû ýëåêòðîííîé ñòðóêòóðû ÌÓÍÒ. Àíàëèç ðåçóëüòàòîâ ïîêàçàë, ÷òî àííèãèëÿöèÿ ïðîèñõîäèò ñ σ -ýëåêòðîíàìè (â ìåæñëîåâûõ ïðîìåæóòêàõ), ñ êâàçèñâîáîäíûìè ýëåêòðîíàìè è ñ ýëåêòðîíàìè íåíàñûùåííûõ êîâàëåíòíûõ ñâÿçåé. Ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî ðîñò êîíöåíòðàöèè äåôåêòîâ ïðèâî-äèò ê óâåëè÷åíèþ ðàäèóñà ëîêàëèçàöèè âîëíîâîé ôóíêöèè ýëåêòðîíîâ ( r m 1 ) â ìåæñëîåâûõ ïðîìåæóòêàõ è ðîñòó äîëè êâàçèñâîáîäíûõ ýëåêòðîíîâ. Âñëåäñòâèå îáðàçîâàíèÿ êðàåâûõ äèñëîêàöèé â ÌÓÍÒ ïðîèñõîäÿò óäâàèâàíèå r m 1 (äî 0,25 íì), ãèáðèäèçàöèÿ íåíàñûùåííûõ è ðàñòÿíóòûõ σ -ñâÿçåé è, êàê ñëåäñòâèå, ðîñò êîíöåíòðàöèè ýëåêòðîíîâ ïðîâîäèìîñòè. Âûñîêàÿ ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü ïîçèòðîíîâ ê äåôåêòàì ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíà äëÿ ðàçðàáîòêè ìåòîäîâ àòòåñòàöèè ÌÓÍÒ è èäåíòèôèêàöèè äåôåêòîâ; âåëè÷èíû 2 r mb , 2 r mi è R , ïîëó÷åííûå èç ñïåêòðîâ
讨论了不同正电子能谱方法在研究具有金属型和半导体型电导率的多层碳纳米管(MWCNTs)电子性质中的优点和局限性。利用湮灭辐射角相关法(ACAR)确定了缺陷对MWCNTs电子结构参数的影响。分析结果表明，σ -电子(在层间区间内)、准自由电子和不饱和共价键的电子都发生湮灭。可以确定，缺陷浓度的增加导致层间间隙内电子波函数的局域化半径(r m1)的增加和准自由电子浓度的增加。由于MWCNTs中边缘位错的形成，r m1加倍(高达0.25 nm)，不饱和σ -键和拉伸σ -键的杂化，导致导电电子浓度的增加。正电子对缺陷的高灵敏度可用于开发MWCNTs的证明和缺陷识别方法;ACAR光谱得到的2r mb、2r mi和r值分别为MWCNTs的层厚、层间距离和有效自由体积半径。挪亚。Iaoiaii oaeiaie eiððaeyoee aiieaeeyoeiiiiai eceo÷aiey (OEAE) onoaiiaeaii aeeyiea aaoaeoia ia iaðaiaoðu yeaeoðiiiie没有ðoeooðu IOIO。Aiaeecðacoeuoaoia iieacae,÷oi aiieaeeyoey我ðienoiaeo nσ-yeaeoðiiaie (iaæneiaauo我ð花絮æooeao), n eaacenaiaiaiuie yeaeoðiiaie e n yeaeoðiiaie iaianuuaiiuo eiaaeaioiuo naycae。Iieacaii,÷oið伊诺eiioaioð他aaoaeoia来我ðeai-aeo e oaaee÷aieþðaaeona eieaeecaoee aieiiaie ooieoee yeaeoðiii a (r m 1) iaæneiaauo我ð花絮æooeao eðinoo aiee eaacenaiaiaiuo yeaeoðiii a。Aneaanoaea iaðaciaaiey eðaaauo aeneieaoee IOIO我ðienoiayo oaaaeaaiea r m 1 (ai 0,25 ii), aeaðeaecaoey iaianuuaiiuo eðanoyioouoσ-naycae e,运算单元neaanoaea,ð伊诺eiioaioð他yeaeo来ðiii a我ðiaiaeiinoe。Aunieay÷oanoaeoaeuiinou iiceoðiii a e aaoaeoai iiæao auou eniieuciaaia aeyðacðaaioee iaoiaia aooanoaoee IOIO e eaaioeoeeaoee aaoaeoia;aaee÷eiu 2 r mb, 2 r e mi, iieo÷aiiua ec niaeoðia
{"title":"Positron Spectroscopy Study of Structural Defects and Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"E. Tsapko, I. Galstian","doi":"10.15407/ufm.21.02.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.21.02.153","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages and restrictions of different positron spectroscopy methods in the study of electronic properties of multilayer carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with metallic and semiconductor types of conductivity are considered. The defects’ influence on the parameters of the MWCNTs’ electronic structure is established via method of the angular correlation of annihilation radiation (ACAR). Analysis of the results shows that annihilation occurs with both σ -electrons (within the interlayer intervals), quasi-free electrons, and electrons of unsaturated covalent bonds. As determined, the increase in the defects’ concentration results to an increase in the radius of localization of the electron wave function ( r m 1 ) within the interlayer inter-vals and to an increase in the quasi-free electron concentration. Due to the formation of edge dislocations in the MWCNTs, the doubling of r m 1 (up to 0.25 nm), the hybridization of unsaturated and stretched σ -bonds, and, as a consequence, the increase of the concentration of conduction electrons occurs. The high sensitivity of the positrons to defects can be used to develop methods of MWCNTs’ attestation and defect identification; the 2 r mb , 2 r mi , and R values obtained from the ACAR spectra are the thickness of the layer, the interlayer distance, and the effective radius of free volume of the MWCNTs, respectively. ñòè. Ìåòîäîì óãëîâîé êîððåëÿöèè àííèãèëÿöèîííîãî èçëó÷åíèÿ (ÓÊÀÈ) óñòàíîâëåíî âëèÿíèå äåôåêòîâ íà ïàðàìåòðû ýëåêòðîííîé ñòðóêòóðû ÌÓÍÒ. Àíàëèç ðåçóëüòàòîâ ïîêàçàë, ÷òî àííèãèëÿöèÿ ïðîèñõîäèò ñ σ -ýëåêòðîíàìè (â ìåæñëîåâûõ ïðîìåæóòêàõ), ñ êâàçèñâîáîäíûìè ýëåêòðîíàìè è ñ ýëåêòðîíàìè íåíàñûùåííûõ êîâàëåíòíûõ ñâÿçåé. Ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî ðîñò êîíöåíòðàöèè äåôåêòîâ ïðèâî-äèò ê óâåëè÷åíèþ ðàäèóñà ëîêàëèçàöèè âîëíîâîé ôóíêöèè ýëåêòðîíîâ ( r m 1 ) â ìåæñëîåâûõ ïðîìåæóòêàõ è ðîñòó äîëè êâàçèñâîáîäíûõ ýëåêòðîíîâ. Âñëåäñòâèå îáðàçîâàíèÿ êðàåâûõ äèñëîêàöèé â ÌÓÍÒ ïðîèñõîäÿò óäâàèâàíèå r m 1 (äî 0,25 íì), ãèáðèäèçàöèÿ íåíàñûùåííûõ è ðàñòÿíóòûõ σ -ñâÿçåé è, êàê ñëåäñòâèå, ðîñò êîíöåíòðàöèè ýëåêòðîíîâ ïðîâîäèìîñòè. Âûñîêàÿ ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü ïîçèòðîíîâ ê äåôåêòàì ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíà äëÿ ðàçðàáîòêè ìåòîäîâ àòòåñòàöèè ÌÓÍÒ è èäåíòèôèêàöèè äåôåêòîâ; âåëè÷èíû 2 r mb , 2 r mi è R , ïîëó÷åííûå èç ñïåêòðîâ","PeriodicalId":41786,"journal":{"name":"Uspekhi Fiziki Metallov-Progress in Physics of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48559054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this work is to analyse the problem of determining the boundary of elastoplastic zone with various methods of machining parts by cutting. The structure of complex theoretical and experimental studies of energy–power parameters of the technological processes is considered. The method for calculating the processes of plastic deformation of metals based on a closed set of equations of continuum mechanics is proposed for the theoretical study of energy–power parameters of the technological processes. The expressions, which make possible the reproduction of the spatial pattern of the strain distribution within the metal at the diamond smoothing and grinding, are obtained. This allows visualizing the mechanism of the deformation and simplifying the analysis of the deformed state of the material. Functional relationship between the power of the deformation and parameters of the machining conditions at the diamond smoothing and grinding is established. Various methods for determining the cutting forces during machining with chip removal as well as approaches to determining deflected mode of a material are considered. A method for express calculation of cutting forces using well-known engineering techniques is proposed. The experimental and calculated data on determination of the sizes of plastically deformable zone of difficult-to-cut materials are analysed. The mechanism of inhibition of dislocations and energy conversion during deformation is considered in detail. As a result, a dislocation–kinetic approach is developed, based on the concept of dislocation as a quasi-particle of a strain quantum. Using the dislocation–kinetic approach, the mathematical model is developed, which allows us to calculate a magnitude of the zone of leading cold hardening that is confirmed by comparison with experimental data. The Starkov’s model is improved; the physical meaning of coefficient in formulas for calculating boundaries of cold-hardening zones is explained. A new similarity criterion is introduced, which relates dissipation of plastic strain energy and rate of rearranging of temperature field.
{"title":"Determination of the Boundaries of Plastic Zone of Metal Deformation During the Cutting","authors":"M. Kurin","doi":"10.15407/ufm.21.02.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.21.02.249","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this work is to analyse the problem of determining the boundary of elastoplastic zone with various methods of machining parts by cutting. The structure of complex theoretical and experimental studies of energy–power parameters of the technological processes is considered. The method for calculating the processes of plastic deformation of metals based on a closed set of equations of continuum mechanics is proposed for the theoretical study of energy–power parameters of the technological processes. The expressions, which make possible the reproduction of the spatial pattern of the strain distribution within the metal at the diamond smoothing and grinding, are obtained. This allows visualizing the mechanism of the deformation and simplifying the analysis of the deformed state of the material. Functional relationship between the power of the deformation and parameters of the machining conditions at the diamond smoothing and grinding is established. Various methods for determining the cutting forces during machining with chip removal as well as approaches to determining deflected mode of a material are considered. A method for express calculation of cutting forces using well-known engineering techniques is proposed. The experimental and calculated data on determination of the sizes of plastically deformable zone of difficult-to-cut materials are analysed. The mechanism of inhibition of dislocations and energy conversion during deformation is considered in detail. As a result, a dislocation–kinetic approach is developed, based on the concept of dislocation as a quasi-particle of a strain quantum. Using the dislocation–kinetic approach, the mathematical model is developed, which allows us to calculate a magnitude of the zone of leading cold hardening that is confirmed by comparison with experimental data. The Starkov’s model is improved; the physical meaning of coefficient in formulas for calculating boundaries of cold-hardening zones is explained. A new similarity criterion is introduced, which relates dissipation of plastic strain energy and rate of rearranging of temperature field.","PeriodicalId":41786,"journal":{"name":"Uspekhi Fiziki Metallov-Progress in Physics of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44103506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Features of Structure Formation, Kinetics of Phase Transformations, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of the Fe-Based Cr–Mn–Ni Alloys","authors":"Y. Koval’, V. Kutsova, M. Kovzel, P. Shvets","doi":"10.15407/ufm.21.02.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.21.02.180","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41786,"journal":{"name":"Uspekhi Fiziki Metallov-Progress in Physics of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43588121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Danilchenko, V. Mazanko, O. Filatov, V. Iakovlev
{"title":"Effect of Cyclic Martensitic γ–ϵ Transformations on Diffusion Characteristics of Cobalt in an Iron–Manganese Alloy","authors":"V. Danilchenko, V. Mazanko, O. Filatov, V. Iakovlev","doi":"10.15407/ufm.20.03.426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.20.03.426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41786,"journal":{"name":"Uspekhi Fiziki Metallov-Progress in Physics of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44344029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Casting quality is a perfection factor for measuring the success of the metal casting. One of efforts to obtain high-quality casting product is identifying the quality of sand moulding used. Identification of the sand-moulding quality is defined by the hardness, shear strength, tensile, and permeability. This article reviews the explanations of the strength of sand moulding with composition variation of binder type: (1) sand moulding, bentonite, fly ash, and water; (2) sand of mount Kelud eruption, bentonite, and water; (3) sand of mount Kelud eruption, Sidoarjo mud, and water; (4) sand of mount Kelud eruption, Portland cement, and water; (5) sand moulding, volcanic ash, and water; (6) green sand, bentonite, fly ash, and water; (7) sand of Malang, bentonite, tapioca flour, and sago flour; (8) sand moulding, bentonite, Portland cement, and water. High-pressure rheo-die casting commonly known in the literature as rheo-high-pressure die casting (rheo-HPDC) is a novel casting technique in producing good-quality cast products. Escalating market demand drives the development of new technology, with which casts with excellent mechanical properties, good microstructure, and minor casting defects can be produced. As an advanced version of HPDC, rheo-HPDC can be regarded as a smart manufacture technique, since it integrates the semi-solid metal technology that considers the proper preparation of slurry. The slurry-making process has been continuously developed, and the latest preparation method is the self-inoculation method. This review article discusses the procedure, mechanism, development, and product quality of sand casting with new binders as well as rheo-HPDC technique.
{"title":"Casting Quality Enhancement Using New Binders on Sand Casting and High-Pressure Rheo-Die Casting","authors":"P. Puspitasari, J. W. Dika","doi":"10.15407/ufm.20.03.396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.20.03.396","url":null,"abstract":"Casting quality is a perfection factor for measuring the success of the metal casting. One of efforts to obtain high-quality casting product is identifying the quality of sand moulding used. Identification of the sand-moulding quality is defined by the hardness, shear strength, tensile, and permeability. This article reviews the explanations of the strength of sand moulding with composition variation of binder type: (1) sand moulding, bentonite, fly ash, and water; (2) sand of mount Kelud eruption, bentonite, and water; (3) sand of mount Kelud eruption, Sidoarjo mud, and water; (4) sand of mount Kelud eruption, Portland cement, and water; (5) sand moulding, volcanic ash, and water; (6) green sand, bentonite, fly ash, and water; (7) sand of Malang, bentonite, tapioca flour, and sago flour; (8) sand moulding, bentonite, Portland cement, and water. High-pressure rheo-die casting commonly known in the literature as rheo-high-pressure die casting (rheo-HPDC) is a novel casting technique in producing good-quality cast products. Escalating market demand drives the development of new technology, with which casts with excellent mechanical properties, good microstructure, and minor casting defects can be produced. As an advanced version of HPDC, rheo-HPDC can be regarded as a smart manufacture technique, since it integrates the semi-solid metal technology that considers the proper preparation of slurry. The slurry-making process has been continuously developed, and the latest preparation method is the self-inoculation method. This review article discusses the procedure, mechanism, development, and product quality of sand casting with new binders as well as rheo-HPDC technique.","PeriodicalId":41786,"journal":{"name":"Uspekhi Fiziki Metallov-Progress in Physics of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45701367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rudenko, V. Panarin, P. Kyrychok, M. Svavilnyi, I. Korotash, O. O. Palyukh, D. Y. Polotskyi, R. Trishchuk
E.M. RUDENKO 1, V.Ye. PANARIN 1, P.O. KYRYCHOK 2, M.Ye. SVAVILNYI 1, I.V. KOROTASH 1, O.O. PALYUKH 2, D.Yu. POLOTSKYI 1, and R.L. TRISHCHUK 2 1 G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, N.A.S. of Ukraine, 36 Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine 2 Institute of Publishing and Printing of the National Technical University of ‘Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute’, 1/37 Yangel Str., UA-03056 Kyiv, Ukraine
{"title":"Nitriding in a Helicon Discharge as a Promising Technique for Changing the Surface Properties of Steel Parts","authors":"E. Rudenko, V. Panarin, P. Kyrychok, M. Svavilnyi, I. Korotash, O. O. Palyukh, D. Y. Polotskyi, R. Trishchuk","doi":"10.15407/ufm.20.03.485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.20.03.485","url":null,"abstract":"E.M. RUDENKO 1, V.Ye. PANARIN 1, P.O. KYRYCHOK 2, M.Ye. SVAVILNYI 1, I.V. KOROTASH 1, O.O. PALYUKH 2, D.Yu. POLOTSKYI 1, and R.L. TRISHCHUK 2 1 G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, N.A.S. of Ukraine, 36 Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine 2 Institute of Publishing and Printing of the National Technical University of ‘Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute’, 1/37 Yangel Str., UA-03056 Kyiv, Ukraine","PeriodicalId":41786,"journal":{"name":"Uspekhi Fiziki Metallov-Progress in Physics of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46707312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The review article deals with ‘quantum engineering’ of growing of silver films on semiconductor substrates that allows obtaining new forms of matter. The results on the energy dispersion of electron states in epitaxial Ag (111) films obtained on Si (001) and Si (111) are presented. The splitting of bands is explained, and analysis of the Shockley’s surface states is given. Superstructures, which are formed on the surface of monolayer silver nanostructures, are analysed in detail. A detailed analysis of the energy states of the noble-metal quantum wells is given. The mechanism of formation of a noble-metal nanorelief on the (111) and (110) surfaces of Si single crystal during multistage thermal deposition is investigated. The symmetry of the interface surface of the single-crystal Si (111) 7 × 7 silicon plane is deterministic in the growth mechanism of the hexagonal-pyramidal structures of copper, silver, and gold. The morphological features of the indium surface during its thermal deposition on the Si (111) and Si (110) surfaces are investigated. The formation of clusters of a regular cubic shape is observed that indicates the formation of In nanocrystals. The formation of In nanoclusters (of ≈10 nm size) on the Si (111) surface and the subsequent modification of the single-crystal surface morphology response in the calculated curves of electron density of states.
{"title":"Determinism of the Symmetry of a Single-Crystalline Surface of Interface at Obtaining 0D- and 2D-Structues of Noble Metals and Indium on Silicon","authors":"L. Karbivska, V. Karbivskyy, A. O. Romanskyy","doi":"10.15407/ufm.20.03.502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.20.03.502","url":null,"abstract":"The review article deals with ‘quantum engineering’ of growing of silver films on semiconductor substrates that allows obtaining new forms of matter. The results on the energy dispersion of electron states in epitaxial Ag (111) films obtained on Si (001) and Si (111) are presented. The splitting of bands is explained, and analysis of the Shockley’s surface states is given. Superstructures, which are formed on the surface of monolayer silver nanostructures, are analysed in detail. A detailed analysis of the energy states of the noble-metal quantum wells is given. The mechanism of formation of a noble-metal nanorelief on the (111) and (110) surfaces of Si single crystal during multistage thermal deposition is investigated. The symmetry of the interface surface of the single-crystal Si (111) 7 × 7 silicon plane is deterministic in the growth mechanism of the hexagonal-pyramidal structures of copper, silver, and gold. The morphological features of the indium surface during its thermal deposition on the Si (111) and Si (110) surfaces are investigated. The formation of clusters of a regular cubic shape is observed that indicates the formation of In nanocrystals. The formation of In nanoclusters (of ≈10 nm size) on the Si (111) surface and the subsequent modification of the single-crystal surface morphology response in the calculated curves of electron density of states.","PeriodicalId":41786,"journal":{"name":"Uspekhi Fiziki Metallov-Progress in Physics of Metals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45883633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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