Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.36344/ccijavs.2024.v06i02.002
Edao Shanku, Fromsa Ijara
The aim of this review is to give an overview of current modern beekeeping technologies in Ethiopia and to highlight once again the challenges of adopting beekeeping technology. Bee-keeping in Ethiopia is common and one of the agricultural activities. Ethiopia is the leading honey producer in Africa and is one of the ten largest producers in the world (with around 23.6% of the African and 2.1% of the world production. Despite the long tradition of beekeeping in Ethiopia having the highest bee density and being the leading honey producer as well as one of the largest bee waxes exporting country in Africa, the share of sub sector in the GDP has never been commensurate with huge number of honey colonies and the country’s potential for beekeeping. To increase production and productivity of honey and bee wax, different improved technologies have been used in the last 7-10 year. Backyard beekeeping can not only be conducted with traditional, but also with transitional or modern beehives. Lack of bee-keeping equipment (like modern beehives, wax molds, honey extractors, queen excluders) and accessories, training on beekeeping technology, awareness creation, extension contact and market problem were the major determinant factors of adoption of modern beekeeping technology. Despite variations in distribution and adoption levels, the utilization of beekeeping technology has now commenced across all regions of the nation hives, adding and reducing supper. The management of bee colonies constitutes a fundamental aspect of contemporary beekeeping practices within the country. Beekeeping equipment and accessories must be readily available to beekeepers, with a significant focus on enhancing productivity and implementing proper management techniques for contemporary beehives. Such measures have the potential to enhance the likelihood of beekeepers adopting and utilizing modern beehive technology.
{"title":"Current Status and Challenges of Improved Bee Keeping Technology Adoption in Ethiopia: A Review","authors":"Edao Shanku, Fromsa Ijara","doi":"10.36344/ccijavs.2024.v06i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijavs.2024.v06i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review is to give an overview of current modern beekeeping technologies in Ethiopia and to highlight once again the challenges of adopting beekeeping technology. Bee-keeping in Ethiopia is common and one of the agricultural activities. Ethiopia is the leading honey producer in Africa and is one of the ten largest producers in the world (with around 23.6% of the African and 2.1% of the world production. Despite the long tradition of beekeeping in Ethiopia having the highest bee density and being the leading honey producer as well as one of the largest bee waxes exporting country in Africa, the share of sub sector in the GDP has never been commensurate with huge number of honey colonies and the country’s potential for beekeeping. To increase production and productivity of honey and bee wax, different improved technologies have been used in the last 7-10 year. Backyard beekeeping can not only be conducted with traditional, but also with transitional or modern beehives. Lack of bee-keeping equipment (like modern beehives, wax molds, honey extractors, queen excluders) and accessories, training on beekeeping technology, awareness creation, extension contact and market problem were the major determinant factors of adoption of modern beekeeping technology. Despite variations in distribution and adoption levels, the utilization of beekeeping technology has now commenced across all regions of the nation hives, adding and reducing supper. The management of bee colonies constitutes a fundamental aspect of contemporary beekeeping practices within the country. Beekeeping equipment and accessories must be readily available to beekeepers, with a significant focus on enhancing productivity and implementing proper management techniques for contemporary beehives. Such measures have the potential to enhance the likelihood of beekeepers adopting and utilizing modern beehive technology.","PeriodicalId":419148,"journal":{"name":"Cross Current International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The optimal and appropriate fertilizer recommendation packages for all crops considering the improvement in productivity of small-scale farmers in the country. To evaluate the impact of blended fertilizer on wheat output, a field experiment using a five-treatment, three-replicate RCBD design was carried out during the 2020–2023 cropping season at Bale Highland southeastern Ethiopia to evaluate balanced fertilizer types and validation of soil fertility map-based fertilizer recommendation for Bread Wheat production The treatment 1Control (without fertilizer)2 (100 kg/ha-1 Urea )3 (100 kg /ha-1 NPS plus 100 kg of urea)4(100 kg /ha-1 NPSB plus 100 kg of urea) 5(100 kg /ha-1 NPSZnB plus 100 kg of urea). The plot size was 3m by 3 m (9 m2) and the spacing between plots and blocks was 1m and 1m, respectively in comparison to the control, The application of 100 kg ha-1 NPSZnB + 100 kg ha-1 urea in Bale Highland produced the highest and most significant yields of grains (5257.51 kg ha-1) the least amount of grain (3006.51 kg ha-1) in Bale Highland at the same time. To improve the production of wheat in the study area, farmers in Bale Highland must apply NPSZnB, with a similar agroecology.
{"title":"Evaluation of Balanced Fertilizer Types and Validation of Soil Fertility Map-Based Fertilizer Recommendation for Bread Wheat Production in Bale Highland Southeastern Ethiopia","authors":"Tesfaye Ketema Defar, Mulugeta Eshetu Diriba, Regassa Gosa Telila, G. Gemechu","doi":"10.36344/ccijavs.2024.v06i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijavs.2024.v06i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"The optimal and appropriate fertilizer recommendation packages for all crops considering the improvement in productivity of small-scale farmers in the country. To evaluate the impact of blended fertilizer on wheat output, a field experiment using a five-treatment, three-replicate RCBD design was carried out during the 2020–2023 cropping season at Bale Highland southeastern Ethiopia to evaluate balanced fertilizer types and validation of soil fertility map-based fertilizer recommendation for Bread Wheat production The treatment 1Control (without fertilizer)2 (100 kg/ha-1 Urea )3 (100 kg /ha-1 NPS plus 100 kg of urea)4(100 kg /ha-1 NPSB plus 100 kg of urea) 5(100 kg /ha-1 NPSZnB plus 100 kg of urea). The plot size was 3m by 3 m (9 m2) and the spacing between plots and blocks was 1m and 1m, respectively in comparison to the control, The application of 100 kg ha-1 NPSZnB + 100 kg ha-1 urea in Bale Highland produced the highest and most significant yields of grains (5257.51 kg ha-1) the least amount of grain (3006.51 kg ha-1) in Bale Highland at the same time. To improve the production of wheat in the study area, farmers in Bale Highland must apply NPSZnB, with a similar agroecology.","PeriodicalId":419148,"journal":{"name":"Cross Current International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141835891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i06.002
Mebrate Tamrat, Abdisa Mekonen
Field pea is among the leading pulse crops grown in the highlands of Ethiopia in area coverage and productivity, although its productivity is far below its potential due to several production constraints, including optimum fertilizer and spacing recommendations. A field experiment was conducted to refine and/or determine the economically optimum spacing and phosphorus level for Shero-type field pea production on Nitisols at Holeta in 2021 and 2022. A 2*2*3 complete factorial combination of intra-row spacing (5 and 10 cm), inter-row spacing (20 and 30 cm), and phosphorus fertilizer (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kg P2O5/ha) was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. P2O5 fertilizer and intra-row spacing main effects showed significant (p<0.05) effects on most of the studied parameters, while inter-row spacing main effects showed significant (p<0.05) effects only on hundred seed weight. The agronomic efficiency of P was highest at 46 kg P2O5/ha followed by 69 kg P2O5/ha over the non-fertilizer-applied treatment. Depending on the ANOVA and economic analysis results, the use of 69 kg P2O5/ha in combination with 10 cm intra-row spacing and 30 cm inter-row spacing (with a matching seed rate of about 73 kg/ha) was found to be optimum for row planting of Shero-type field pea on nitisols in Wolmera district and similar areas.
{"title":"Suitable Spacing and Phosphorus Application Rate for Shero-Type Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Production on Acidic Nitisols in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Mebrate Tamrat, Abdisa Mekonen","doi":"10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i06.002","url":null,"abstract":"Field pea is among the leading pulse crops grown in the highlands of Ethiopia in area coverage and productivity, although its productivity is far below its potential due to several production constraints, including optimum fertilizer and spacing recommendations. A field experiment was conducted to refine and/or determine the economically optimum spacing and phosphorus level for Shero-type field pea production on Nitisols at Holeta in 2021 and 2022. A 2*2*3 complete factorial combination of intra-row spacing (5 and 10 cm), inter-row spacing (20 and 30 cm), and phosphorus fertilizer (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kg P2O5/ha) was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. P2O5 fertilizer and intra-row spacing main effects showed significant (p<0.05) effects on most of the studied parameters, while inter-row spacing main effects showed significant (p<0.05) effects only on hundred seed weight. The agronomic efficiency of P was highest at 46 kg P2O5/ha followed by 69 kg P2O5/ha over the non-fertilizer-applied treatment. Depending on the ANOVA and economic analysis results, the use of 69 kg P2O5/ha in combination with 10 cm intra-row spacing and 30 cm inter-row spacing (with a matching seed rate of about 73 kg/ha) was found to be optimum for row planting of Shero-type field pea on nitisols in Wolmera district and similar areas.","PeriodicalId":419148,"journal":{"name":"Cross Current International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i06.001
Mebrate Tamrat, Abdisa Mekonen, Kebede Dinkecha
Recently, wheat research has been established in Ethiopia for irrigated areas with the goal of developing high-yielding, higher-quality wheat cultivars. Nonetheless, two of the most crucial production variables are the N rate and the seeding rate, both of which need for the determination of ideal rates. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum N rate and seeding rate for bread wheat production under irrigated conditions in West Shewa highland areas during 2020–21 on different soil types. A factorial combination of seeding rates (125, 150, and 175 kg/ha) and N rates (0, 23, 46, 89, and 111 kg/ha N) with consideration of 19 kg of N content in 100 kg NPS fertilizer that was applied uniformly for all experimental plots except for those without fertilizer (zero rate plot) at sowing. The experiment was laid out in an RCB design with three replications. Most of the interactions were non-significant for grain yield and other parameters, while the main effects of seeding rates and N rates showed a significant effect on grain yield and other parameters measured. The highest test weight, agronomic efficiency, and partial factor productivity were recorded for the black soil type. Agronomic efficiency showed an unpredictable trend, while partial factor productivity showed a decreasing trend with an increasing seeding rate and N rate. Depending on the agronomic and economic analysis results, it can be concluded that a seeding rate of 175 kg/ha and an N rate of 111 kg/ha were found to be optimal for the production of the wheat variety ‘Kakaba’ under irrigation in the highlands of west Shewa.
{"title":"Effect of N Rates and Seeding Rates on Agronomic Efficiency, Partial Factor Productivity, Grain Yield, and Grain Quality of Wheat under Irrigation in West Shewa, Ethiopia","authors":"Mebrate Tamrat, Abdisa Mekonen, Kebede Dinkecha","doi":"10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i06.001","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, wheat research has been established in Ethiopia for irrigated areas with the goal of developing high-yielding, higher-quality wheat cultivars. Nonetheless, two of the most crucial production variables are the N rate and the seeding rate, both of which need for the determination of ideal rates. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum N rate and seeding rate for bread wheat production under irrigated conditions in West Shewa highland areas during 2020–21 on different soil types. A factorial combination of seeding rates (125, 150, and 175 kg/ha) and N rates (0, 23, 46, 89, and 111 kg/ha N) with consideration of 19 kg of N content in 100 kg NPS fertilizer that was applied uniformly for all experimental plots except for those without fertilizer (zero rate plot) at sowing. The experiment was laid out in an RCB design with three replications. Most of the interactions were non-significant for grain yield and other parameters, while the main effects of seeding rates and N rates showed a significant effect on grain yield and other parameters measured. The highest test weight, agronomic efficiency, and partial factor productivity were recorded for the black soil type. Agronomic efficiency showed an unpredictable trend, while partial factor productivity showed a decreasing trend with an increasing seeding rate and N rate. Depending on the agronomic and economic analysis results, it can be concluded that a seeding rate of 175 kg/ha and an N rate of 111 kg/ha were found to be optimal for the production of the wheat variety ‘Kakaba’ under irrigation in the highlands of west Shewa.","PeriodicalId":419148,"journal":{"name":"Cross Current International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i04.003
Kouassi Konan Thierry, K. Moussa, Yapi Jean Noel, Sangaré Sidiki, Kouame Konan Seraphin
The aim of this work was to characterize brush-tailed porcupine or African atherure (Atherurus africanus) meat trade in the markets of Abidjan District. The study was conducted between February 2021 and January 2022. The data were collected with 46 seller in three markets of Abidjan. These were “Marché Gouro de Yopougon” market (MGY), “marché Gouro d'Adjamé” market (MGA) and “Marché Abobo Gare” market (GA). Visits and interviews were carried out at morning each week. Results showed that all sellers in 3 markets were female and Ivorian (100%). These sellers came from four cultural groups. Akan Group represented more than half of sellers (54%). They were 26%, 44% and 50% higher than Gouro, Krou and Mandé group respectively (P ˂ 0.01). Merchants aged from 18 to 61 years. Sellers aged from 25 to 40 were 54.35%. This rate was 24 and 39% higher than 18-25 and >40 age respectively (P ˂0.01). Unmarried vendors were about 3 times higher than married ones (72% vs 28%; P = 0.01). A rate of 52% of atherure meat traders had never been to school. They were 30% higher than those who completed primary school in Côte d'Ivoire (P ˂ 0.01). They were also 39% more numerous than those who had completed high school and university. Atherure’s trade had generated a turnover of 189 million for 9000 carcasses sold. This meat was the most sold after the grasscutter. None animals were farmed. They were poached. Most of animals (28.4%) came from the forest area of Lôh-Djiboua region.
{"title":"Marketing of Brush-Tailed Porcupine (Atherurure africanus) Meat in Côte d'Ivoire, Characterization of Sellers and Profitability of Trade in Abidjan","authors":"Kouassi Konan Thierry, K. Moussa, Yapi Jean Noel, Sangaré Sidiki, Kouame Konan Seraphin","doi":"10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i04.003","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to characterize brush-tailed porcupine or African atherure (Atherurus africanus) meat trade in the markets of Abidjan District. The study was conducted between February 2021 and January 2022. The data were collected with 46 seller in three markets of Abidjan. These were “Marché Gouro de Yopougon” market (MGY), “marché Gouro d'Adjamé” market (MGA) and “Marché Abobo Gare” market (GA). Visits and interviews were carried out at morning each week. Results showed that all sellers in 3 markets were female and Ivorian (100%). These sellers came from four cultural groups. Akan Group represented more than half of sellers (54%). They were 26%, 44% and 50% higher than Gouro, Krou and Mandé group respectively (P ˂ 0.01). Merchants aged from 18 to 61 years. Sellers aged from 25 to 40 were 54.35%. This rate was 24 and 39% higher than 18-25 and >40 age respectively (P ˂0.01). Unmarried vendors were about 3 times higher than married ones (72% vs 28%; P = 0.01). A rate of 52% of atherure meat traders had never been to school. They were 30% higher than those who completed primary school in Côte d'Ivoire (P ˂ 0.01). They were also 39% more numerous than those who had completed high school and university. Atherure’s trade had generated a turnover of 189 million for 9000 carcasses sold. This meat was the most sold after the grasscutter. None animals were farmed. They were poached. Most of animals (28.4%) came from the forest area of Lôh-Djiboua region.","PeriodicalId":419148,"journal":{"name":"Cross Current International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116445971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i04.002
Desta Abayechaw, Wondimkun Dikr
Nitrogen is practically inert and largely unreactive, existing mostly in molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and unsuitable for uptake by living matter. But it is one of the most commonly used practices to increase crop yields throughout the world because of the abundant availability of N fertilizers and their great effectiveness to increase yields compared with other organic fertilizers, such as manure and compost. It is essential to achieve production levels, which enable global food security, without compromising environmental security. Excessive application of N fertilizers in the last several decades, however, has resulted in undesirable consequences of soil and environmental degradations, such as soil acidification, N leaching to the groundwater, and greenhouse gas (N2O) emissions. Crop yields have declined in places where soil acidification is high due to the unavailability of major nutrients and basic cations and the toxic effect of acidic cations. Other disadvantages of excessive N fertilization include increased cost of fertilization, reduced N-use efficiency, and negative impact on human and livestock health. Diffuse pollution, caused by N fertilization in agriculture, has become a global problem that is difficult to solve. Nearly half of N fertilizer input is not used by crops and is lost into the environment via the emission of gases or by polluting water bodies. The N pollution level expected by 2050 is projected to be 150% higher than in 2010, with the agricultural sector accounting for 60% of this increase. So, to reduce these problems globally, understanding of nitrogen cycle and nutrient use efficiency is important.
{"title":"Key to Life, Risks and Cycle of Nitrogen","authors":"Desta Abayechaw, Wondimkun Dikr","doi":"10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen is practically inert and largely unreactive, existing mostly in molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and unsuitable for uptake by living matter. But it is one of the most commonly used practices to increase crop yields throughout the world because of the abundant availability of N fertilizers and their great effectiveness to increase yields compared with other organic fertilizers, such as manure and compost. It is essential to achieve production levels, which enable global food security, without compromising environmental security. Excessive application of N fertilizers in the last several decades, however, has resulted in undesirable consequences of soil and environmental degradations, such as soil acidification, N leaching to the groundwater, and greenhouse gas (N2O) emissions. Crop yields have declined in places where soil acidification is high due to the unavailability of major nutrients and basic cations and the toxic effect of acidic cations. Other disadvantages of excessive N fertilization include increased cost of fertilization, reduced N-use efficiency, and negative impact on human and livestock health. Diffuse pollution, caused by N fertilization in agriculture, has become a global problem that is difficult to solve. Nearly half of N fertilizer input is not used by crops and is lost into the environment via the emission of gases or by polluting water bodies. The N pollution level expected by 2050 is projected to be 150% higher than in 2010, with the agricultural sector accounting for 60% of this increase. So, to reduce these problems globally, understanding of nitrogen cycle and nutrient use efficiency is important.","PeriodicalId":419148,"journal":{"name":"Cross Current International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133681209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i02.001
Abraham Biar Gai, Raphael Wahome, R. Bett
Grand development projects sometimes result in the forced relocation of people. The relocation is usually stressful in terms of marginalization and social disarticulation, and more so for pastoral communities. The RAPland village at Olkaria, Kenya, was created to accommodate 155 households that were displaced by the development of a geothermal electricity generation plant. The study aimed to explain how relocation constrained resources for extensive pastoralism and how pastoralists cope through adaptation of old pastoralists' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions and the creation of new strategies for resilient livelihoods using the case of the RAPland Community. Household surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observation were used to gather required information. It documented information on land, pasture, and water availability and access. It also assessed livestock production challenges before and after the resettlement and adopted coping strategies. Statistical package for social scientists (version 21) software was used in analysing the data after the screening and cleaning were done using Microsoft Excel (2019). There was a general perception that pastures and water availability were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the relocation. Besides, herders and their herds travelled longer distances, from a mean of 3.2 ±0.29 to 8.1 ±0.41 kilometres to access pastures. Before the relocation, the highest-ranking constraints were drought, livestock diseases, pasture inadequacy, and wildlife predation. After the relocation, access to water, poor pastures, grazing terrain (gulleys), wildlife predation, drought, and livestock diseases became the significant constraints affecting livestock productivity. In conclusion, the reduction in pastures and water access affected livestock productivity in spite of attempts at coping with encountered livestock challenges, the community's dependence on pastoral livestock is threatened, thus, their food and
{"title":"New Homes, New Challenges: The Experience of Resettled Maasai Pastoralists of RAPland Village, Olkaria Kenya","authors":"Abraham Biar Gai, Raphael Wahome, R. Bett","doi":"10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Grand development projects sometimes result in the forced relocation of people. The relocation is usually stressful in terms of marginalization and social disarticulation, and more so for pastoral communities. The RAPland village at Olkaria, Kenya, was created to accommodate 155 households that were displaced by the development of a geothermal electricity generation plant. The study aimed to explain how relocation constrained resources for extensive pastoralism and how pastoralists cope through adaptation of old pastoralists' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions and the creation of new strategies for resilient livelihoods using the case of the RAPland Community. Household surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observation were used to gather required information. It documented information on land, pasture, and water availability and access. It also assessed livestock production challenges before and after the resettlement and adopted coping strategies. Statistical package for social scientists (version 21) software was used in analysing the data after the screening and cleaning were done using Microsoft Excel (2019). There was a general perception that pastures and water availability were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the relocation. Besides, herders and their herds travelled longer distances, from a mean of 3.2 ±0.29 to 8.1 ±0.41 kilometres to access pastures. Before the relocation, the highest-ranking constraints were drought, livestock diseases, pasture inadequacy, and wildlife predation. After the relocation, access to water, poor pastures, grazing terrain (gulleys), wildlife predation, drought, and livestock diseases became the significant constraints affecting livestock productivity. In conclusion, the reduction in pastures and water access affected livestock productivity in spite of attempts at coping with encountered livestock challenges, the community's dependence on pastoral livestock is threatened, thus, their food and","PeriodicalId":419148,"journal":{"name":"Cross Current International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134569577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i01.002
Rollán Adriana Ana del Carmen, Bachmeier, O. A, M. A.
N is the nutrient that is applied in the greatest quantity to increase crop yields. Having a soil analysis that allows estimating the N needs of the crop would have economic and environmental benefits. The measurement of total C, total N and the content of N-nitrates are part of the analytical protocol that is carried out in pre-sowing for diagnostic purposes. However, the relationship between these measurements and actual N mineralization in the field is only approximate. To improve the estimation of N availability, it is necessary to consider the initial inorganic N and the mineralized N (Nmin) during the growing season. The search for an accurate predictor of Nmin that can be done quickly in the laboratory has sparked interest in measuring N in short anaerobic incubations or Nan. In this article, the soil properties that intervene in the N mineralization process that affect the measurement of Nan are exposed to know the scope: advantages and disadvantages of the inclusion of Nan in the routine protocol for diagnostic purposes for its use as a predictor of mineralized N during the crop cycle.
{"title":"Critical Review on the Inclusion of the Measurement of Nitrogen Produced in Short Incubations (Nan) in the Diagnostic Protocol of Nitrogenous Fertility in Cordoba (Argentina)","authors":"Rollán Adriana Ana del Carmen, Bachmeier, O. A, M. A.","doi":"10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijavs.2023.v05i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"N is the nutrient that is applied in the greatest quantity to increase crop yields. Having a soil analysis that allows estimating the N needs of the crop would have economic and environmental benefits. The measurement of total C, total N and the content of N-nitrates are part of the analytical protocol that is carried out in pre-sowing for diagnostic purposes. However, the relationship between these measurements and actual N mineralization in the field is only approximate. To improve the estimation of N availability, it is necessary to consider the initial inorganic N and the mineralized N (Nmin) during the growing season. The search for an accurate predictor of Nmin that can be done quickly in the laboratory has sparked interest in measuring N in short anaerobic incubations or Nan. In this article, the soil properties that intervene in the N mineralization process that affect the measurement of Nan are exposed to know the scope: advantages and disadvantages of the inclusion of Nan in the routine protocol for diagnostic purposes for its use as a predictor of mineralized N during the crop cycle.","PeriodicalId":419148,"journal":{"name":"Cross Current International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121984718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-29DOI: 10.36344/ccijavs.2022.v04i03.002
Mekonnen Wolditsadik, T. Beyene, Desta Abi
Adequate knowledge about honey bee flora is important for beekeeping this study was under taken to identify and document honeybee plants in West Arsi and East Shoa Zone using melissopalynological analysis of honey samples, pollen collection, plant inventory, structured questionnaires and field observation. Eighteen honey samples were collected from different parts of the zones. Out of 18 samples, 14 were identified as monofloral honeys and 4 as multifloral honeys. This indicated that there is high diversity of honeybee plant species in 4 honey samples that give flowers in the same season contributing for production of multifloral honey and 14 samples were dominated by few major honeybee plants due to their abundance in addition to their quality for honey production. Fifty eight (58) plants species were identified as honey source plants based on melissopalynological analysis of honey. Of 58 species, Guizotia scarba (89.7%). Eucalyptus (69.2%) Eucalyptus camadulensis (66.2%) Acacia tortolis (60.9%) Schefflera Abyssinia (70.2%) and Croton macronstachys (57.2%) provided mono-floral honey. The flowering calendar of the zone indicated two major honey flow periods from April to June and September to November. The scarcity of honeybee forages were observed in July to mid of August and January to February and mid of March. In many districts of the zone, herbaceous honeybee forage species were the dominant honey source plants in September to November. While, in March to May majority of honey source plants were trees and shrubs due to the phonological patterns of plants. To apply seasonal honeybee colony management, beekeepers should manage honeybee colonies following phonological pattern of honeybee plants. Beekeeping based agro forestry practices on cultivated rain fed land, and selection of plant species that can resist drought and bear (set) flower for a long season should be introduced in all land use types.
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Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.36344/ccijavs.2022.v04i03.001
Samson Yeshitila, Dereje Tsegaye, Feven Million
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is the most important source of protein, oil and also cash for poor farmers. Lack of improved variety and optimum phosphorus fertilizer rate are the most important limiting factor for the productivity of soybean. Therefore, an experiment was carried out at Omo Kuraz-1 Sugar Development Project during 2018 cropping season to determine the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilizer levels on yield and yield related traits of soybean varieties. Factorial combination of three soybean varieties (Nova, Awassa-04 and Gazolia) and four rates of P fertilizer (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg P205/ha were laid out in a RCBD with three replications. Data were collected for yield and yield components and analyzed using Statistical analysis software (SAS and Genstat). The analyses of variance showed that there was significant difference (p≤ 0.001) among the varieties for the entire tested parameters, indicating the presence of ample genotypic variation among then Awassa-04 Variety produced significantly high grain yield (1183 Kg ha-1 as compared to Gazolia (950 Kg ha-1) and Nova (566 Kg ha-1). Interaction of variety Awassa-04 with 69 Kg P205 ha -1 showed maximum grain yield (1352 Kg ha-1) while the minimum value (403 Kg ha-1) was recorded for interaction of Nova variety with 0 kg P205 ha-1. Based on the economic analysis phosphorus fertilizer application at rate of 69 Kg P205 ha –1 resulted in highest marginal rate of return (350.9%). Therefore, it was conclude that phosphorus fertilizer application at rate of 69 Kg P205 ha-1 can be recommended for the study area. However, further study should be done on different rate of phosphorous to come up with a more comprehensive recommendation.
大豆(甘氨酸max (l))美林)是蛋白质、石油和贫穷农民现金的最重要来源。缺乏良种和最佳磷肥用量是制约大豆产量的重要因素。因此，本试验于2018年种植季在Omo Kuraz-1糖业开发项目开展，旨在确定磷肥水平对大豆品种产量及产量相关性状的影响。3个大豆品种(Nova、Awassa-04和Gazolia)和4个施磷肥量(0、23、46和69 kg P205/ hm2)的因子组合在RCBD中进行了3个重复试验。收集产量及产量成分数据，采用统计分析软件(SAS和Genstat)进行分析。方差分析表明，各品种间全部试验参数均存在显著差异(p≤0.001)，表明阿瓦萨-04的籽粒产量(1183 Kg ha-1)显著高于Gazolia (950 Kg ha-1)和Nova (566 Kg ha-1)。品种Awassa-04与69 Kg P205 ha-1互作籽粒产量最高(1352 Kg ha-1)，而品种Nova与0 Kg P205 ha-1互作籽粒产量最低(403 Kg ha-1)。经济分析表明，施用磷肥69 Kg P205 ha -1边际收益率最高(350.9%)。综上所述，研究区适宜磷肥施用量为69 Kg P205 ha-1。然而，需要进一步研究不同的磷含量，以提出更全面的建议。
{"title":"Response of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Varieties to Different Rates of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components at Omo Kuraz, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Samson Yeshitila, Dereje Tsegaye, Feven Million","doi":"10.36344/ccijavs.2022.v04i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijavs.2022.v04i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is the most important source of protein, oil and also cash for poor farmers. Lack of improved variety and optimum phosphorus fertilizer rate are the most important limiting factor for the productivity of soybean. Therefore, an experiment was carried out at Omo Kuraz-1 Sugar Development Project during 2018 cropping season to determine the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilizer levels on yield and yield related traits of soybean varieties. Factorial combination of three soybean varieties (Nova, Awassa-04 and Gazolia) and four rates of P fertilizer (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg P205/ha were laid out in a RCBD with three replications. Data were collected for yield and yield components and analyzed using Statistical analysis software (SAS and Genstat). The analyses of variance showed that there was significant difference (p≤ 0.001) among the varieties for the entire tested parameters, indicating the presence of ample genotypic variation among then Awassa-04 Variety produced significantly high grain yield (1183 Kg ha-1 as compared to Gazolia (950 Kg ha-1) and Nova (566 Kg ha-1). Interaction of variety Awassa-04 with 69 Kg P205 ha -1 showed maximum grain yield (1352 Kg ha-1) while the minimum value (403 Kg ha-1) was recorded for interaction of Nova variety with 0 kg P205 ha-1. Based on the economic analysis phosphorus fertilizer application at rate of 69 Kg P205 ha –1 resulted in highest marginal rate of return (350.9%). Therefore, it was conclude that phosphorus fertilizer application at rate of 69 Kg P205 ha-1 can be recommended for the study area. However, further study should be done on different rate of phosphorous to come up with a more comprehensive recommendation.","PeriodicalId":419148,"journal":{"name":"Cross Current International Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125972024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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