Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2264790
Ulf Jonas Bjork
AbstractIn 1848, political revolutions were breaking out all over Europe simultaneously while new technological advancements were having significant and profound impacts on news gathering practices abroad. New forms of communication and transportation, including the telegraph, the railroad, and the ocean-going steamship, meant the faster transmission of news and a wider spirit of cooperation between competing, penny press newspapers that resulted in shared telegraphic dispatches. This study examines the foreign correspondence published in the New York Tribune and the New York Herald, and how the breaking news came in telegraphic dispatches that the two papers shared. This study reveals how correspondence became a way for both of publications to provide readers with unique material because both James Gordon Bennett of the Herald and Horace Greeley of the Tribune thought European letters were valuable sources of an American perspective on world events that gave readers an eyewitness account. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Tribune, July 24, 1848, (Brisbane’s letter dated June 29).2 See, for instance, Giovanna Dell’Orto, Giving Meanings to the World: The First U.S. Foreign Correspondents, 1838-1859 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2002).3 Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1957 (Washington, DC, 1960), 551.4 Robert J. Goldstein, Political Repression in 19th Century Europe (Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble Books, 1983), 185; Charles Breunig, The Age of Revolution and Reaction, 1789-1850 (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1977), 252.5 Breunig, Age of Revolution, 253; Goldstein, Political Repression, 184-85, 186-87.6 Goldstein, Political Repression, 187-88; Melvin Kranzberg, ed., 1848: A Turning Point? (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1959), xvii; Breunig, Age of Revolution, 254.7 Herald, February 28, 1848; L.U. Reavis, A Representative Life of Horace Greeley (New York: G.W. Carleton & Co., 1872), 85; Richard Schwarzlose, The Nation's Newsbrokers, Vol. 1: The Formative Years, from Pretelegraph to 1865 (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1989), 124-25.8 T.H. Giddings, “Rushing the Transatlantic News in the 1830s and 1840s,” New York Historical Society Quarterly 42 (January 1958): 54-58; Richard A Schwarzlose, “Early Teleghraphic News Dispatches: Forerunner of the AP,” Journalism Quarterly 51, no. 4 (Winter 1974): 595-601; Schwarzlose, “Harbor News Association: The Formal Origin of the AP,” Journalism Quarterly 45, no. 2 (Summer 1968): 253-60.9 See, for instance, the Mexican-American War discussion and references in a standard history such as Wm. David Sloan, Tracy Lucht and Erika Pribanic-Smith, eds., The Media in America. A History, 11th ed. (Northport, AL: Vision Press, 2020), 137, 142; see, also, John Byrne Cook, Reporting the War: Freedom of the Press from the American Revolution to the War on Terrorism (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2
《先驱报》1836年7月22日;贝内特和他的报纸的历史经常强调出版商对收集外国新闻的兴趣，例如，参见Don C. Sietz，詹姆斯·戈登·贝内特父子(印第安纳波利斯:鲍勃-美林公司，1928)，60-61;奥利弗·卡尔森，《制造新闻的人:詹姆斯·戈登·班尼特》(纽约:Duell, Sloan and Pearce出版社，1942)，201-02。一般历史与这些说法相呼应，见Desmond, The Information Process, 89-93;Hohenberg，《对外通信》，33;约翰·特贝尔，《美国报纸的紧凑史》(纽约:Hawthorn Books, 1963)， 98.16 Herald, 1837年12月6日;1837.17年9月16日先驱报，1847.18年7月18日论坛报，1841年5月7日;弗兰克·路德·莫特:《美国新闻史:1690-1960》(纽约:麦克米伦出版社，1962)，第270页;西德尼·高博，《美国新闻业的发展》(迪比克，伊利诺斯州:文学硕士)C. Brown, 1969) 247-50;帕顿:《霍勒斯·格里利的一生》;Reavis;“贺拉斯·格里利，”在新闻的观点和采访，编辑查尔斯·温盖特(纽约:F.B.帕特森，1875)，151-82;Francis N. Zabriskie, Horace Greeley，编辑，代表编辑(纽约:Funk and Wagnalls, 1890;比克曼,1974)。威廉·亚历山大·林恩、贺拉斯·格里利:《纽约论坛报》创始人和编辑(纽约:D. Appleton and Company, 1903年);Don C. Seitz, Horace Greeley:《纽约论坛报》的创始人，代表编辑(印第安纳波利斯:Bobbs Merrill Co.， 1926;纽约:AMS出版社，1970);亨利·路德·斯托达德、贺拉斯·格里利:《十字军》印刷、编辑(纽约:p.p Putnam的儿子们，1946);格林登·g·范德森，霍勒斯·格里利:19世纪的十字军(费城:宾夕法尼亚大学出版社，1953年);《论坛报》关注海外新闻的例子，见1841年8月12日;1842年10月6日;1843.19年12月5日《论坛报》1847.20年11月22日《论坛报》1843年2月21日;1843年4月21日;1844年4月23日;1847年7月7日;1847年8月4日;1847年11月10日;先驱报，1847年8月30日;1847年9月4日;1847年10月5日;James E. Vance，《捕捉地平线:交通运输的历史地理学》(纽约:Harper & Row出版社，1986)，456;詹姆斯·m·莫里斯，我们的海洋遗产:海洋发展及其对美国生活的影响(华盛顿特区:美国大学出版社，1979)，162-63;《国家新闻经纪人》，第47-48页;w.h. Bunting，编辑，一个港口的肖像:波士顿，1852-1914(剑桥，马萨诸塞州:哈佛大学贝尔克纳普出版社，1971)，396;先驱报，1847年7月9日;先驱报，1847年7月- 1848年7月;《论坛报》，1847年7月- 1848年7月22日;《先驱报》称，额外的广告花了一个小时才到达街头;先驱报，1847年7月5日;Schwarzlose，“早期电报电报”，598-99.23;Menahem Blondheim，电线上的新闻:电报和美国公共信息的流动，1844-1897(剑桥，马萨诸塞州:哈佛大学出版社，1994)，53;论坛报，1847年9月20日;1848年2月2日;1848.24年4月8日施瓦斯洛泽，国家新闻经纪人，98-100;《先驱报》1848.25《论坛报》1847年8月3日;“信件”是记者的投稿，而“通告”是经纪公司的市场报告先驱报，1848.4月19日;论坛报，1848.28年5月1日;先驱报，1837年8月8日;1837年10月27日;1837年12月13日;《先驱报》，1847年7月至12月;从巴黎来的信有十三封;罗马,11;马德里,十;伯尔尼,9;君士坦丁堡、5;都柏林、那不勒斯、佛罗伦萨、柏林和雅典共4个;不来梅、博洛尼亚、里斯本、米兰、都灵、费拉拉和热那亚各一封信先驱报，1847年7月31日;1847年9月29日;1847年10月5日;关于为《先驱报》工作的记者的类型，请参阅申请人在1847年11月21日给贝内特的一封未署名的信中所建议的内容，《贝内特论文》，纽约公共图书馆。1847年10月，《论坛报》声称拥有两名“欧洲通讯员”，他们将提供“来自旧大陆的定期报道”;可以想象，罗马的玛格丽特·富勒算是另一个;保罗·c·维尔穆特，《贝亚德·泰勒》(纽约:Twayne出版社，1973)，第30-31页，对旅行信这一流派进行了很好的讨论;在1841年至1845年间，至少有15位不同的作家给《论坛报》写了一系列的信。33引用约翰·a·伦特对泰勒的回复，“国际贺拉斯·格里利”，《媒体历史文摘》11，第11期。1(1991年春夏):21-22;富勒的贡献见1847年8月5日的《论坛报》;9月11日;11月27日;1848年1月1日;2月7日;3月13日;大卫·沃森，玛格丽特·富勒，美国浪漫主义者(纽约:伯格出版社，1988)，34-42;格里利致艾玛·怀廷，1847年7月28日，格里利文件，国会图书馆;另一位撰稿人威廉? 坎贝尔从瑞士寄了两封信——发表在同期杂志上——在那里，自由派和保守派之间的内战引起了全世界的关注，并预示着几个月后整个大陆的动荡，但他在那之后就沉默了;论坛报，1847年11月23日;《先驱报》在1847年还刊登了一位旅行作家的来信，见《先驱报》1847年7月11日;1847.35年8月19日《先驱报》，1848.36年7月18日《先驱报》和《论坛报》，1848.37年2月1日至7月31日《先驱报》共发行38期，其中包括来自巴黎的信件;伦敦,二十;都柏林,9;柏林和米兰各6人先驱报，1848年2月20日;最后一封写于1847年12月的那不勒斯信发表于1848年1月19日。1848年3月13日《论坛报》(富勒1月27日的信);1848年2月17日，《论坛报》首次报道了西西里革命;1848年5月4日《论坛报》(3月29日和4月1日的信件)《先驱报》，1848.43年3月29日，《论坛报》，1848年3月31日;考虑到横渡大西洋单程需要两三个星期，格里利不可能在听到起义的消息后就安排捐款;1848年5月1日(日期为4月13日)《论坛报》;前一年，《论坛报》刊登了巴黎人施奈尔波斯特的一封信，见1847年8月21日《论坛报》1848年6月6日;1848年5月23日;1848年5月1日;先驱报，1848年5月24日;帕特里夏·赫明豪斯，“激进主义和‘伟大事业’:战前时代的德美连载小说”，《美国和德国人:对三百年历史的评价》，第一卷，弗兰克·特罗姆勒和约瑟夫·麦克维编(费城:宾夕法尼亚大学出版社，1986)，307.47论坛报，1848年7月11日;一本关于达纳的传记称，格里利不鼓励达纳去法国，因为《论坛报》的出版商认为他的报纸已经有一位能干的记者驻扎在法国;珍妮特·e·斯
{"title":"Foreign Correspondence in the Early Telegraphic Era: The <i>Herald</i> , the <i>Tribune,</i> and the 1848 Revolutions","authors":"Ulf Jonas Bjork","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2264790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2264790","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn 1848, political revolutions were breaking out all over Europe simultaneously while new technological advancements were having significant and profound impacts on news gathering practices abroad. New forms of communication and transportation, including the telegraph, the railroad, and the ocean-going steamship, meant the faster transmission of news and a wider spirit of cooperation between competing, penny press newspapers that resulted in shared telegraphic dispatches. This study examines the foreign correspondence published in the New York Tribune and the New York Herald, and how the breaking news came in telegraphic dispatches that the two papers shared. This study reveals how correspondence became a way for both of publications to provide readers with unique material because both James Gordon Bennett of the Herald and Horace Greeley of the Tribune thought European letters were valuable sources of an American perspective on world events that gave readers an eyewitness account. Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Tribune, July 24, 1848, (Brisbane’s letter dated June 29).2 See, for instance, Giovanna Dell’Orto, Giving Meanings to the World: The First U.S. Foreign Correspondents, 1838-1859 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2002).3 Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1957 (Washington, DC, 1960), 551.4 Robert J. Goldstein, Political Repression in 19th Century Europe (Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble Books, 1983), 185; Charles Breunig, The Age of Revolution and Reaction, 1789-1850 (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1977), 252.5 Breunig, Age of Revolution, 253; Goldstein, Political Repression, 184-85, 186-87.6 Goldstein, Political Repression, 187-88; Melvin Kranzberg, ed., 1848: A Turning Point? (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1959), xvii; Breunig, Age of Revolution, 254.7 Herald, February 28, 1848; L.U. Reavis, A Representative Life of Horace Greeley (New York: G.W. Carleton & Co., 1872), 85; Richard Schwarzlose, The Nation's Newsbrokers, Vol. 1: The Formative Years, from Pretelegraph to 1865 (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1989), 124-25.8 T.H. Giddings, “Rushing the Transatlantic News in the 1830s and 1840s,” New York Historical Society Quarterly 42 (January 1958): 54-58; Richard A Schwarzlose, “Early Teleghraphic News Dispatches: Forerunner of the AP,” Journalism Quarterly 51, no. 4 (Winter 1974): 595-601; Schwarzlose, “Harbor News Association: The Formal Origin of the AP,” Journalism Quarterly 45, no. 2 (Summer 1968): 253-60.9 See, for instance, the Mexican-American War discussion and references in a standard history such as Wm. David Sloan, Tracy Lucht and Erika Pribanic-Smith, eds., The Media in America. A History, 11th ed. (Northport, AL: Vision Press, 2020), 137, 142; see, also, John Byrne Cook, Reporting the War: Freedom of the Press from the American Revolution to the War on Terrorism (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"16 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136263151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2264233
Jason Lee Guthrie
Media history is more important than ever. Yes, this is true because media are more pervasive, more fundamental to our lives than ever. It is also true because media historians form one of the final bulwarks of fact-based research in a world awash with false claims and fake news. Yet, the importance of media history is not only ontological and methodological. It is also quite practical. This essay speaks directly to those who conduct historical research in the areas of journalism, media, and communication and who make their disciplinary homes in schools of journalism, media studies, and mass communication. This essay argues that such scholars are uniquely positioned to help address issues of conflict between journalists and historians, and offers some strategies for them to do so.
{"title":"Revising the First Rough Draft: On Journalism, History, and Journalism History","authors":"Jason Lee Guthrie","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2264233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2264233","url":null,"abstract":"Media history is more important than ever. Yes, this is true because media are more pervasive, more fundamental to our lives than ever. It is also true because media historians form one of the final bulwarks of fact-based research in a world awash with false claims and fake news. Yet, the importance of media history is not only ontological and methodological. It is also quite practical. This essay speaks directly to those who conduct historical research in the areas of journalism, media, and communication and who make their disciplinary homes in schools of journalism, media studies, and mass communication. This essay argues that such scholars are uniquely positioned to help address issues of conflict between journalists and historians, and offers some strategies for them to do so.","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"1 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2263274
Nicholas Hirshon
{"title":"Conversations with Ron Wyden, Senator from Oregon, and Jamie Raskin, Congressman from Maryland","authors":"Nicholas Hirshon","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2263274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2263274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"181 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2264171
Ashley Walter
In a meditation on the future of journalism and media history—through the lens of a closer re-examination of methodology—this essay challenges journalism historians to rethink how they collect and share stories in an increasingly digital world, especially regarding oral history interviewing. By pushing back on assumptions and centering access, this essay argues for reassessing whose stories get told and who is able to tell stories. It also provides a primer on conducting oral histories remotely.
{"title":"Forging a Path Toward Accessibility: Rethinking How We Collect and Share Stories","authors":"Ashley Walter","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2264171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2264171","url":null,"abstract":"In a meditation on the future of journalism and media history—through the lens of a closer re-examination of methodology—this essay challenges journalism historians to rethink how they collect and share stories in an increasingly digital world, especially regarding oral history interviewing. By pushing back on assumptions and centering access, this essay argues for reassessing whose stories get told and who is able to tell stories. It also provides a primer on conducting oral histories remotely.","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"96 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2261340
Syed Ali Hussain, Shireen Korkzan
{"title":"Ms. Marvel: A Superheroine’s Tale of Truth and Justice (2022), <b>Ms. Marvel: A Superheroine’s Tale of Truth and Justice</b> , created by Bisha K. Ali, produced by Marvel Studios, Distributed by Disney+, 2022","authors":"Syed Ali Hussain, Shireen Korkzan","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2261340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2261340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"43 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2260735
Meghan Menard McCune
{"title":"The Weekly War: How the Saturday Evening Post Reported World War I <b>The Weekly War: How the Saturday Evening Post Reported World War I</b> , by Chris Dubbs and Carolyn Edy, Denton, TX, University of North Texas Press, 2023, 279 pp.","authors":"Meghan Menard McCune","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2260735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2260735","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2260733
Ashley Walter
{"title":"Undaunted: How Women Changed American Journalism <b>Undaunted: How Women Changed American Journalism</b> , by Brooke Kroeger, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2023, 568 pp.","authors":"Ashley Walter","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2260733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2260733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2260732
Teri Finneman
{"title":"Vivian Castleberry: Challenging the Traditions of Women’s Roles, Newspaper Content, and Community Politics <b>Vivian Castleberry: Challenging the Traditions of Women’s Roles, Newspaper Content, and Community Politics</b> , by Kimberly Wilmot Voss, Lanham, MD, Lexington Books, 2023, 127 pp.","authors":"Teri Finneman","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2260732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2260732","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2261157
Ross F. Collins
{"title":"Empire Between the Lines: Imperial Culture in British and French Trench Newspapers of the Great War <b>Empire Between the Lines: Imperial Culture in British and French Trench Newspapers of the Great War</b> , by Elizabeth Stice, Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 2023, 219 pp.","authors":"Ross F. Collins","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2261157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2261157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2261163
Randall Patnode
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