RIBAGUA-Revista Iberoamericana del Agua最新文献

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Estudio experimental y teórico del balance energético y el comportamiento del transporte sólido en una derivación lateral a 90 grados 90度横向漂移中能量平衡和固体输运行为的实验和理论研究

RIBAGUA-Revista Iberoamericana del Agua

Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2386-3781(15)30006-2

A. Bateman , A. Herrero , V. Medina

River diversions are not so common in nature and its presence are found in deltaic zones, nevertheless man made diversion is found in lateral channels for irrigation and hydroelectric purposes. In this paper a 90 degree diversion was built in the laboratory to understand the behaviour of the flow and the sediment transport in the diversion zone in which a 3D flow pattern is presented. In 1926 the Bulle doctoral thesis shows how the sediment discharge present in the derivation branch take a high percentage of the sediment discharge respect to the main channel. In the present paper it is offered a set of long term experiments that confirms the Bulle hypothesis. Also it is presented the vortex flow patterns that appear in the diversion zone, in which one of them is capable to deviate to the lateral branch almost all the sediment that flows into main channel. This horizontal axe vortex is responsible of the observations made by Bulle and the experiments are shown in the present document. The vortex affects more than the 90% of the width of the main channel, creating a barrier for the sediment that flows as bed load and suspension load. Nevertheless this hydrodynamic barrier is presented only for some flux momentum ratio between that evaluated in the lateral branch respect to that evaluated in the main channel. The energy necessary to maintain the vortex active is taking from the water flow income. This loose of energy is presented in the laboratory data and is explained with the energy balance equation. With only the 20% to 30% of water discharge into the lateral branch the vortex deviate at least the 90% of the sediment.

河流改道在自然界中并不常见，主要出现在三角洲地带，但在灌溉和水力发电的横向河道中也有人为改道。本文在实验室中建立了一个90度的导流区，以了解导流区内的流动和输沙行为，并在其中呈现出三维流动模式。布勒在1926年的博士论文中指出，衍生支流的输沙量如何占主河道输沙量的很大比例。本文提供了一组长期实验来证实布勒假说。并提出了导流区内出现的涡流型，其中一个涡流能使几乎所有流入主河道的泥沙向侧向分支偏移。这种水平斧涡是由布勒所作的观察和实验所引起的。涡旋影响了主河道宽度的90%以上，为作为床质和悬浮质流动的泥沙形成了屏障。然而，这种水动力屏障只存在于侧向分支的流量动量比与主河道的流量动量比之间。维持涡旋活动所需的能量是从水流收入中获取的。在实验数据中给出了这种能量损失，并用能量平衡方程进行了解释。只有20% ~ 30%的水排入侧支，旋涡至少偏离了90%的泥沙。

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引用次数: 0

Optimización del diseño del sistema de llenado/vaciado del Tercer Juego de Esclusas del Canal de Panamá 巴拿马运河第三套船闸灌装/排空系统的优化设计

RIBAGUA-Revista Iberoamericana del Agua

Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2386-3781(15)30003-7

A.N. Menéndez, E.A. Lecertua, N.D. Badano

The modeling system, which was built to design the filling/emptying hydraulic system of the third set of locks of Panama Canal, is described and validated. The modeling system is constituted by a series of zero, one, two, and three-dimensional numerical models, and a physical model. A discussion is presented on its application to select and optimize the non-standard components of the hydraulic system, determine the open and closure times for the valves in order not to exceed design conditions, calculate the mean rate of vessels throughput and freshwater consumption, and establish alternatives in order to minimize vorticity at the intakes of the lateral water saving basins. It is shown that numerical modeling played the prime role for design, and constituted the mechanism to produce results at the prototype scale free of scale effects present in the physical model, while the main role of the physical model was to validate the numerical models. But it is also shown that the physical model put into evidence resonance effects which led to a redefinition of some of the strategies of numerical simulation.

以巴拿马运河第三组船闸充/排空液压系统设计为例，对该建模系统进行了描述和验证。建模系统由一系列零、一、二、三维数值模型和一个物理模型组成。讨论了它在选择和优化液压系统的非标准部件，确定阀门的开启和关闭时间以不超过设计条件，计算船舶吞吐量和淡水消耗的平均速率，并建立替代方案以尽量减少侧向节水盆地入口处的涡量。结果表明，数值模拟对设计起着首要作用，构成了在原型尺度上产生结果的机制，而物理模型的主要作用是验证数值模型。但同时也表明，物理模型显示出明显的共振效应，这导致了一些数值模拟策略的重新定义。

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引用次数: 5

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