M. Bayoumi, M. Samir, M. Elgamal, H. Amer, Ausama Yousif
Green biotechnology is the future of biopharmaceuticals production. The use of algae to produce biopharmaceuticals is of interest in vaccine-based control programs because of cost and environmental safety considerations. An attempt was made to express avian influenza virus (AIV) immunogens in algae because the virus is a serious economic, veterinary, and public health threat. A commercial system was modified to allow expression of H5N1 AIV hemagglutinin subunit 2 (HA2) in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii). Codon-optimized AIV H5N1 HA2 (coHA2) sequence was synthesized and cloned into the transfer vector pChlamy_3/D-TOPO ® . Cloned coHA2 sequence was then transformed in C. reinhardtii strain cc-125 by electroporation. Proper nuclear integration was confirmed in 16% of screened transformants selectively amplified in Hygromycin-containing TAP media. coHA2 mRNA transcription was confirmed using RT-PCR. AIV HA2 expression was confirmed using western blot analysis utilizing AIV polyclonal chicken antisera. Expressing transformants were maintained on Hygromycin-containing TAP agar for 26 weeks (15 subcultures). Expressing transformants maintained cell shape, motility and, growth characteristics similar to non-transformed C. reinhardtii cc-125. A coHA2-C terminus GFP was used to visualize HA2 expression in vivo using confocal microscopy. Background-normalized GFP-specific fluorescence of transformants was 15 % of the total cellular fluorescence. Fluorescence in GFP channels 508, 518, 528 and 538 nm was 3.9% of the total cellular fluorescence of non-transformed algae. Taken together, results indicate efficient stable expression of the AIV HA2 transgene and, warrant further investigation into immunogenic potential of the algae-expressed HA2.
{"title":"Efficient Stable Expression of Nuclear H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus HA2 Transgene in Chlamydomonus reinhardtii","authors":"M. Bayoumi, M. Samir, M. Elgamal, H. Amer, Ausama Yousif","doi":"10.21608/VMJG.2017.7641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/VMJG.2017.7641","url":null,"abstract":"Green biotechnology is the future of biopharmaceuticals production. The use of algae to produce biopharmaceuticals is of interest in vaccine-based control programs because of cost and environmental safety considerations. An attempt was made to express avian influenza virus (AIV) immunogens in algae because the virus is a serious economic, veterinary, and public health threat. A commercial system was modified to allow expression of H5N1 AIV hemagglutinin subunit 2 (HA2) in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii). Codon-optimized AIV H5N1 HA2 (coHA2) sequence was synthesized and cloned into the transfer vector pChlamy_3/D-TOPO ® . Cloned coHA2 sequence was then transformed in C. reinhardtii strain cc-125 by electroporation. Proper nuclear integration was confirmed in 16% of screened transformants selectively amplified in Hygromycin-containing TAP media. coHA2 mRNA transcription was confirmed using RT-PCR. AIV HA2 expression was confirmed using western blot analysis utilizing AIV polyclonal chicken antisera. Expressing transformants were maintained on Hygromycin-containing TAP agar for 26 weeks (15 subcultures). Expressing transformants maintained cell shape, motility and, growth characteristics similar to non-transformed C. reinhardtii cc-125. A coHA2-C terminus GFP was used to visualize HA2 expression in vivo using confocal microscopy. Background-normalized GFP-specific fluorescence of transformants was 15 % of the total cellular fluorescence. Fluorescence in GFP channels 508, 518, 528 and 538 nm was 3.9% of the total cellular fluorescence of non-transformed algae. Taken together, results indicate efficient stable expression of the AIV HA2 transgene and, warrant further investigation into immunogenic potential of the algae-expressed HA2.","PeriodicalId":421382,"journal":{"name":"veterinary medical journal Giza","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122037937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plasma anti-Müllerian hormone concentration (AMH) in cows is a useful endocrine marker for ovarian response to gonadotropin superstimulation. Here, we investigated the possible relationship between AMH concentration measured in plasma and superovulatory response of embryo donor dairy Holstein cow aiming to predict their response in earlier period before beginning of superovulatory treatment protocol. So, for this reason, 33 cows were undergo superovulatory gonadotropin treatment and blood samples were collected at three phases (P0 randomly before treatment, PE on day of estrus, PF on day of flushing for embryos collection). This study revealed that AMH concentration were significantly increased in the high responded cows in all 3 phases of study than the low responded ones. Also, the study reported 3 optimal cut-off points 57.6, 192.1 and 114.2pg/ml in the P0, PE and PF phases respectively which could be used for early prediction of cow superovulatory responses. In conclusion, circulating AMH concentration was strongly associated with superovulation response and its evaluation could be used to identify embryo donor cows with greater response to superovulation programs. Also, the optimal cut-off point 57.6pg/ml could be used randomly to select the best donors (Key wards: Superovulation, anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), dairy cows) Introduction Recent advances in bovine biotechnology, such as commercially available genomic testing, have allowed for the identification of animals with superior genetics. Genetic selection and reproductive efficiency are key factors for the success of the dairy and beef industries. In cattle, Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer (MOET) programs have become a large international business. More accurate identification of cows with greater embryo production potentials could allow for more efficient production of in vitro and in vivo bovine embryos for cows with superior genetics (Rico et al., 2009). However, cost efficient propagation of these superior genetics has been hampered by high variability between animals in response to embryo production techniques such as superovulation (Souza et al., 2015). Despite improvements in superovulatory treatments, ovarian responsiveness to gonadotropins remains highly variable between individuals and difficult to predict. It is well established that the major source of variability is the status of ovarian follicles at the time of initiation of FSH treatment (Rico et al., 2009). Presently, some clinical studies thrown its light on anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) describing it as the best endocrine marker of ovarian follicular reserve, largely replacing other serum markers such as inhibin B, estradiol, basal FSH and LH (Fanchin et al.,2003; Broekmans et al., 2006; Toner and Seifer, 2013). AntiMϋllerian Hormone is also the best predictive marker of the ovarian response to stimulatory treatment as defined by the number of oocytes retrieved In Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) (El-Gindy e
在卵巢中，AMH的表达仅限于一种细胞类型，即许多物种的生长卵泡颗粒细胞(在奶牛中，Vigier等人，1984;Monniaux et al.， 2008，绵羊，Bezard et al.， 1987，人类，Rajpert et al.， 1999, Weenen et al.， 2004)。抗<s:1> llerian激素是至关重要的，因为它抑制原始卵泡向生长卵泡池的招募，并降低生长卵泡对促卵泡激素(FSH)的反应性(Durlinger et al.， 2002)。这种表达模式使AMH成为奶牛小窦性腺促性腺激素反应卵泡群体的可靠内分泌标志物(Rico等，2009)。因此，本研究的目的是研究循环AMH浓度是否可以作为荷斯坦奶牛超排卵反应的预测指标，在超排卵治疗开始前进行一次测量。此外，找出一个最佳分界点，用以选择最佳供体。材料与方法动物舍舍与日粮:33头3 ~ 7岁荷斯坦产奶牛，体重450 ~ 800 Kg。在亚历克斯-开罗沙漠路上的一个私人农场进行的实验中使用。实验时间为2015年11月至2016年1月。实验动物被安排在一个开放的院子里，自由饲喂饲料和水。营养物质浓度满足NRC(2001)对奶牛营养物质的要求。饲喂浓缩日粮(玉米、豆粕和预混料)，外加优质豆粕和青贮玉米。按产奶量计算日粮量。实验设计和超排卵方案:本实验旨在建立血浆中循环AMH浓度与超排卵治疗的排卵反应之间的关系。表(1):超排卵方案(Rivera et al.， 2011)。阴道内黄体酮(P4)植入物(EaziBreed CIDR;含有n1.38g P4，辉瑞动物保健公司，纽约，纽约州)。·GnRH(醋酸布瑟林，1.0 μg/剂，受体;Intervet, International GmbH，德国)。·卵泡刺激素(400mg, Folltropin-V);Bionich生命科学，Belleville, ON, Canada)。·PGF2α(雌二醇)，氯前列醇钠250μg /剂;先灵葆雅动物健康，联盟，新泽西州)。奶牛在12小时进行3次人工授精。间隔2吸管冷冻精液(15 × 106精子/吸管)，来自具有高遗传优势的荷斯坦父系，证明了出色的田间生育力(父系受孕率评分≥2)。CL计数和胚胎收集:供体在挤压中，通常采用头尾约束。然后，训练有素的兽医检查两个卵巢，以确定可能与收集的胚胎总数相对应的CL总数。我们使用硬膜外麻醉来放松直肠和局部作用于尿道来辅助操作。收集导管通过子宫颈，通常通过手插入直肠的操作(类似于人工智能期间对子宫颈的操作)连续放置在每个子宫角上。当导管正确放置时，将袖带充气并冲洗培养基以收集胚胎。然后用显微镜定位并从冲洗液中取出它们，评估外观和发育阶段的质量，然后准备转移或冷冻储存。采血:采用颈静脉穿刺的方法，将每头奶牛的血样分别放入装有EDTA的干净无菌试管中，在三个不同的阶段进行采集。P0代表促排卵治疗前采集的血样(随机)。PE代表在发情时经超排卵治疗后所取的样本。PF代表发情后7天采集的样本，其中进行CL计数并冲洗胚胎收集。采集的血样立即保存在冰箱中，3000rpm/ 15min离心分离血浆。然后将样品冷冻在-20℃，直到AMH检测完成。血浆AMH测定:采用ELISA技术，使用商业诊断试剂盒(Nova Tec, Immudiagnostica GmbH Waldstraβe 23 A6, D-63128 Dietzenbach，德国)检测牛抗<s:1>勒氏杆菌激素。灵敏度为0.04pg/ml，变异系数为2.2 <s:2>。该方法检测牛AMH具有较高的灵敏度和良好的特异性。牛AMH和类似物之间没有明显的交叉反应性或干扰。统计分析:使用Sigma Plot version 13 (Systat Software Inc.)进行统计分析。圣何塞，加州)。
{"title":"Potential Importance of Circulating anti-Müllerian Hormone as a Predictor of Superovulatory Response in Dairy Holstein Cows","authors":"Ebtihal Ibrahim, D. A. El-Moneim, M. Mahmoud","doi":"10.21608/vmjg.2017.7639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/vmjg.2017.7639","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma anti-Müllerian hormone concentration (AMH) in cows is a useful endocrine marker for ovarian response to gonadotropin superstimulation. Here, we investigated the possible relationship between AMH concentration measured in plasma and superovulatory response of embryo donor dairy Holstein cow aiming to predict their response in earlier period before beginning of superovulatory treatment protocol. So, for this reason, 33 cows were undergo superovulatory gonadotropin treatment and blood samples were collected at three phases (P0 randomly before treatment, PE on day of estrus, PF on day of flushing for embryos collection). This study revealed that AMH concentration were significantly increased in the high responded cows in all 3 phases of study than the low responded ones. Also, the study reported 3 optimal cut-off points 57.6, 192.1 and 114.2pg/ml in the P0, PE and PF phases respectively which could be used for early prediction of cow superovulatory responses. In conclusion, circulating AMH concentration was strongly associated with superovulation response and its evaluation could be used to identify embryo donor cows with greater response to superovulation programs. Also, the optimal cut-off point 57.6pg/ml could be used randomly to select the best donors (Key wards: Superovulation, anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), dairy cows) Introduction Recent advances in bovine biotechnology, such as commercially available genomic testing, have allowed for the identification of animals with superior genetics. Genetic selection and reproductive efficiency are key factors for the success of the dairy and beef industries. In cattle, Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer (MOET) programs have become a large international business. More accurate identification of cows with greater embryo production potentials could allow for more efficient production of in vitro and in vivo bovine embryos for cows with superior genetics (Rico et al., 2009). However, cost efficient propagation of these superior genetics has been hampered by high variability between animals in response to embryo production techniques such as superovulation (Souza et al., 2015). Despite improvements in superovulatory treatments, ovarian responsiveness to gonadotropins remains highly variable between individuals and difficult to predict. It is well established that the major source of variability is the status of ovarian follicles at the time of initiation of FSH treatment (Rico et al., 2009). Presently, some clinical studies thrown its light on anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) describing it as the best endocrine marker of ovarian follicular reserve, largely replacing other serum markers such as inhibin B, estradiol, basal FSH and LH (Fanchin et al.,2003; Broekmans et al., 2006; Toner and Seifer, 2013). AntiMϋllerian Hormone is also the best predictive marker of the ovarian response to stimulatory treatment as defined by the number of oocytes retrieved In Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) (El-Gindy e","PeriodicalId":421382,"journal":{"name":"veterinary medical journal Giza","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134045197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.3923/JAVAA.2010.848.852
A. Al-Taher
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in camels.","authors":"A. Al-Taher","doi":"10.3923/JAVAA.2010.848.852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JAVAA.2010.848.852","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421382,"journal":{"name":"veterinary medical journal Giza","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116217479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21608/VMJG.2021.158008
E. Massoud, Walaa Goda, H. M. Teleb, R. El-Banna
This study was designed to compare the effects of dietary conventional inorganic Zinc oxide (ZnO) and nano-zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) on the zootechnical performance, selected blood serum indices, antioxidant status, general health and production of rabbit meat enriched with zinc enriched with nano-zinc in growing New Zealand White rabbits (NZW). A total of 481 newly-born rabbits produced from two natural successive mating between 36 primiparous (NZW) Rabbit does and 12 bucks by the intensive breeding system were utilized throughout this study. Rabbits does and bucks were randomly distributed into four equal groups, the control positive group G1 was fed the basal diet supplemented with premix contain 50 ppm inorganic zinc in the form of ZnO; while the control negative G2 was fed on a basal diet supplemented with Zinc Free premix, meanwhile, G3 was fed on the basal diet supplemented with premix contain 25 ppm nano zinc as zinc oxide nanoparticles, however, G4 was fed on the basal diet supplemented with 50 ppm nano zinc as zinc oxide nanoparticles in the premix, Litters after weaning continued on the same diet like their dams till the age of selling at 62 days old. The results showed that the growing rabbits in (G4) supplemented with 50 mg ZnO-NPs/kg diet surpassing significance (P≤ 0.05) in all groups and achieved the best result regarding (birth weight(g), weaning weight(g), sealing weight (g) moreover lower Pre-weaning mortality %, and Post-weaning mortality%). Also, G4 showed significant improvement in FCR in comparison with other groups. Furthermore, showed highest significant increase in total protein and globulin, HDL, SOD, GSH, Catalase activity, and zinc concentration in serum, liver, and thigh tissue and also showed the highest significant decrease in AG ratio, creatinine, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, risk factor, MDA and NO level in G4 at 62 day age old, compared to other groups, while there was no significant difference in albumin level between all the experimental groups. In conclusion, supplementation of 50 mg ZnO-Npskg diet in the premix to the diet of growing NZW rabbit maximize the productive performance and improve FCR without any adverse effect.
{"title":"The Influence of Dietary Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Zootechnical Performance and Biometric Indices of Growing New Zealand White Rabbits","authors":"E. Massoud, Walaa Goda, H. M. Teleb, R. El-Banna","doi":"10.21608/VMJG.2021.158008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/VMJG.2021.158008","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to compare the effects of dietary conventional inorganic Zinc oxide (ZnO) and nano-zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) on the zootechnical performance, selected blood serum indices, antioxidant status, general health and production of rabbit meat enriched with zinc enriched with nano-zinc in growing New Zealand White rabbits (NZW). A total of 481 newly-born rabbits produced from two natural successive mating between 36 primiparous (NZW) Rabbit does and 12 bucks by the intensive breeding system were utilized throughout this study. Rabbits does and bucks were randomly distributed into four equal groups, the control positive group G1 was fed the basal diet supplemented with premix contain 50 ppm inorganic zinc in the form of ZnO; while the control negative G2 was fed on a basal diet supplemented with Zinc Free premix, meanwhile, G3 was fed on the basal diet supplemented with premix contain 25 ppm nano zinc as zinc oxide nanoparticles, however, G4 was fed on the basal diet supplemented with 50 ppm nano zinc as zinc oxide nanoparticles in the premix, Litters after weaning continued on the same diet like their dams till the age of selling at 62 days old. The results showed that the growing rabbits in (G4) supplemented with 50 mg ZnO-NPs/kg diet surpassing significance (P≤ 0.05) in all groups and achieved the best result regarding (birth weight(g), weaning weight(g), sealing weight (g) moreover lower Pre-weaning mortality %, and Post-weaning mortality%). Also, G4 showed significant improvement in FCR in comparison with other groups. Furthermore, showed highest significant increase in total protein and globulin, HDL, SOD, GSH, Catalase activity, and zinc concentration in serum, liver, and thigh tissue and also showed the highest significant decrease in AG ratio, creatinine, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, risk factor, MDA and NO level in G4 at 62 day age old, compared to other groups, while there was no significant difference in albumin level between all the experimental groups. In conclusion, supplementation of 50 mg ZnO-Npskg diet in the premix to the diet of growing NZW rabbit maximize the productive performance and improve FCR without any adverse effect.","PeriodicalId":421382,"journal":{"name":"veterinary medical journal Giza","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125519598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21608/VMJG.2021.158007
K. Shokry, Rehab El Helw, M. A. Ghoneim, Sa. Selim
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Heat Shock and Electroporation Transformation of Canine Homlogue of HER2 Gene Cloned in a PUC57 Plasmid Construct","authors":"K. Shokry, Rehab El Helw, M. A. Ghoneim, Sa. Selim","doi":"10.21608/VMJG.2021.158007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/VMJG.2021.158007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421382,"journal":{"name":"veterinary medical journal Giza","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114315816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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