Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1163/156852601750123008
P Zamperini
In Chinese fiction there are heroines who use suicide as a vehicle to convey to eternity the strength of their passions, from love to hatred, from jealousy to thirst for revenge. The present paper is an exploration of late imperial literary representations which depict women's suicide as an act of passion and self-reassertion: this act, rather than being constructed as defeat in the face of adversities, a response to abuse suffered, or as a last resort to preserve chastity, is presented as a path of independence that shows these female characters not as virtuous martyrs or victims of an unjust patriarchal system, but as passionate agents of free will. These sources challenge the assumption that women's suicide in Ming and Qing fictional sources is primarily related to chastity. In this sense, they are useful in furthering understanding of the complex ways in which legal and moral mandates around the issue of women's suicide could be resisted, absorbed, and ignored in late imperial vernacular fiction.
{"title":"Untamed hearts: Eros and suicide in late Imperial Chinese fiction.","authors":"P Zamperini","doi":"10.1163/156852601750123008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156852601750123008","url":null,"abstract":"In Chinese fiction there are heroines who use suicide as a vehicle to convey to eternity the strength of their passions, from love to hatred, from jealousy to thirst for revenge. The present paper is an exploration of late imperial literary representations which depict women's suicide as an act of passion and self-reassertion: this act, rather than being constructed as defeat in the face of adversities, a response to abuse suffered, or as a last resort to preserve chastity, is presented as a path of independence that shows these female characters not as virtuous martyrs or victims of an unjust patriarchal system, but as passionate agents of free will. These sources challenge the assumption that women's suicide in Ming and Qing fictional sources is primarily related to chastity. In this sense, they are useful in furthering understanding of the complex ways in which legal and moral mandates around the issue of women's suicide could be resisted, absorbed, and ignored in late imperial vernacular fiction.","PeriodicalId":42159,"journal":{"name":"Nan Nu-Men Women and Gender in China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/156852601750123008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28209462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1163/156852601750122982
K Carlitz
This paper examines how the suicides of singing-girls and young gentry women were commemorated by the poets Kang Hai (1475-1541) and Wang Jiusi (1468- 1551) whose devotion to wine, women, and song were, and still are, legendary. Witnessing the suicides of mutually-related female family members as well as a concubine of a mutual friend, these two poets valorized these deaths in terms of qing (passion). The girls of good family defy their elders in order to consummate their suicides, and Wang's songs for the concubine singing-girl are filled with evocations of sensual satisfaction. Thus, in the writings of Kang and Wang we see how the norms of the chastity cult were made not restrictive but alluring; the author suggests that this helped the poets to conquer the imagination of the governing class, with the ultimate results that they were able to diffuse these images throughout the whole of society.
{"title":"The daughter, the singing-girl, and the seduction of suicide.","authors":"K Carlitz","doi":"10.1163/156852601750122982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156852601750122982","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how the suicides of singing-girls and young gentry women were commemorated by the poets Kang Hai (1475-1541) and Wang Jiusi (1468- 1551) whose devotion to wine, women, and song were, and still are, legendary. Witnessing the suicides of mutually-related female family members as well as a concubine of a mutual friend, these two poets valorized these deaths in terms of qing (passion). The girls of good family defy their elders in order to consummate their suicides, and Wang's songs for the concubine singing-girl are filled with evocations of sensual satisfaction. Thus, in the writings of Kang and Wang we see how the norms of the chastity cult were made not restrictive but alluring; the author suggests that this helped the poets to conquer the imagination of the governing class, with the ultimate results that they were able to diffuse these images throughout the whole of society.","PeriodicalId":42159,"journal":{"name":"Nan Nu-Men Women and Gender in China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/156852601750122982","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28209464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Naming the first new woman.","authors":"Y Hu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42159,"journal":{"name":"Nan Nu-Men Women and Gender in China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28209459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1163/156852601750122973
P S Ropp
This is a collection of original essays which focuses on the causes, meanings and significance of female suicides in Ming and Qing China. It is the first attempt in English-language scholarship to revise earlier views of female self-destruction that had been shaped by the May Fourth Movement and anti-Confucian critiques of Chinese culture, and to consider the matter of female suicide in the wider context of more recent scholarship on women and gender relations in late imperial China. The essays also reveal the world of tensions, conflicting demands and expectations, and a variety of means by which both women and men made moral sense of their lives in late imperial China. The volume closes with an extensive bibliography of relevant and important Chinese, Japanese, and Western publications related to female suicide in late imperial China.
{"title":"Passionate women: female suicide in late Imperial China. Introduction.","authors":"P S Ropp","doi":"10.1163/156852601750122973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156852601750122973","url":null,"abstract":"This is a collection of original essays which focuses on the causes, meanings and significance of female suicides in Ming and Qing China. It is the first attempt in English-language scholarship to revise earlier views of female self-destruction that had been shaped by the May Fourth Movement and anti-Confucian critiques of Chinese culture, and to consider the matter of female suicide in the wider context of more recent scholarship on women and gender relations in late imperial China. The essays also reveal the world of tensions, conflicting demands and expectations, and a variety of means by which both women and men made moral sense of their lives in late imperial China. The volume closes with an extensive bibliography of relevant and important Chinese, Japanese, and Western publications related to female suicide in late imperial China.","PeriodicalId":42159,"journal":{"name":"Nan Nu-Men Women and Gender in China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/156852601750122973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28209460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1163/156852601750123017
G S Fong
This paper examines the form, content, and cultural significance of poems written by a number of otherwise unknown women before they committed suicide. The specific conditions under which these inscriptions are produced are disorder or violence in various forms, whether cultural, social, or familial, that threaten the integrity of the female body. The suicide poems are often accompanied by a short autobiographical preface. The author argues that this act of self-inscription at the moment of death is an act of agency. Through this textual production, the women reproduce a peculiarly Chinese sense of embodiment in inscription, and as selfrecorders, they write themselves into history. These women construct the integrity of their bodies in/out of disorder by textualizing and transforming them into cultural bodies inscribed with value and order.
{"title":"Signifying bodies: the cultural significance of suicide writings by women in Ming-Qing China.","authors":"G S Fong","doi":"10.1163/156852601750123017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156852601750123017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the form, content, and cultural significance of poems written by a number of otherwise unknown women before they committed suicide. The specific conditions under which these inscriptions are produced are disorder or violence in various forms, whether cultural, social, or familial, that threaten the integrity of the female body. The suicide poems are often accompanied by a short autobiographical preface. The author argues that this act of self-inscription at the moment of death is an act of agency. Through this textual production, the women reproduce a peculiarly Chinese sense of embodiment in inscription, and as selfrecorders, they write themselves into history. These women construct the integrity of their bodies in/out of disorder by textualizing and transforming them into cultural bodies inscribed with value and order.","PeriodicalId":42159,"journal":{"name":"Nan Nu-Men Women and Gender in China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/156852601750123017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28209461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reformer, saint, and savior: visions of the great mother in the novel \"Xingshi yinyuan zhuan\" and its seventeenth-century Chinese context.","authors":"D Berg","doi":"10.1163/156852699x00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156852699x00027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42159,"journal":{"name":"Nan Nu-Men Women and Gender in China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/156852699x00027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30235657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article illustrates the complex web of agency, voice, compliance, and resistance that men and women alike wove and unraveled in (re)presenting fictional and nonfictional versions of the education and the life-cycle of courtesans at the turn of last century. On the one hand, it shows how Chinese male novelists appropriate the long-standing cliche of the courtesan to expand (albeit in a limited way) and exoticize the horizons of female subjectivity. On the other hand, it reveals how, thanks to the explosive development of print culture begun in the late nineteenth century, the courtesan herself could step in to redefine those horizons and to problematize her role as a "modern" heroine.
{"title":"But I never learned to waltz: the \"real\" and imagined education of a courtesan in the late Qing.","authors":"P Zamperini","doi":"10.1163/156852699x00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156852699x00072","url":null,"abstract":"This article illustrates the complex web of agency, voice, compliance, and resistance that men and women alike wove and unraveled in (re)presenting fictional and nonfictional versions of the education and the life-cycle of courtesans at the turn of last century. On the one hand, it shows how Chinese male novelists appropriate the long-standing cliche of the courtesan to expand (albeit in a limited way) and exoticize the horizons of female subjectivity. On the other hand, it reveals how, thanks to the explosive development of print culture begun in the late nineteenth century, the courtesan herself could step in to redefine those horizons and to problematize her role as a \"modern\" heroine.","PeriodicalId":42159,"journal":{"name":"Nan Nu-Men Women and Gender in China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/156852699x00072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30232987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections of desire: the poetics of gender in \"Dream of the Red Chamber\".","authors":"M Epstein","doi":"10.1163/156852699x00063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156852699x00063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42159,"journal":{"name":"Nan Nu-Men Women and Gender in China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/156852699x00063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30235654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shifting boundaries: gender in \"Pinhua Baojian\".","authors":"C Starr","doi":"10.1163/156852699x00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156852699x00036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42159,"journal":{"name":"Nan Nu-Men Women and Gender in China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/156852699x00036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30235658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Milk and scent: works about women in the \"Shishuo Xinyu\" genre.","authors":"N Qian","doi":"10.1163/156852699x00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156852699x00018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42159,"journal":{"name":"Nan Nu-Men Women and Gender in China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/156852699x00018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30235651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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