Medication errors are the most common and widespread medical adverse event that occurs in healthcare settings and can lead to increased patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The availability of a wide range of over-the-counter and prescribed medications in the healthcare market, which the general public seems to use on a frequent basis to treat their health complications, has rapidly increased the chances of medication errors. Furthermore, the medication chain has several steps that require different people, and errors can occur at different stages in patient care, from ordering the medication to the time the patient is administered the drug. So each stage of the medication chain is exposed to risks that could result in medication errors. Thereby, medication errors prompt patient harm, preclude immediate discharges, and enhance healthcare costs. As a result, it is important to set up a medication safety culture that can light up in the context of effectively putting strategies into action, and everyone's collaboration and participation to adhering to medication safety strategy can improve patient safety. This review of the literature aims to provide a concept of medication errors, explore the pattern of errors, causes and consequences of errors, and error-related adverse events in all types of healthcare settings, risk factors for medication errors, and strategies to avoid and minimize medication errors.
{"title":"Medication error in the provision of healthcare services","authors":"Maimuna Khatun, Anha Akter Riya, Md. Morshed Alam, Sophia Hossain, Tanzilal Hira, Imtiaj Hossain Chowdhury","doi":"10.30560/mhs.v7n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/mhs.v7n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"Medication errors are the most common and widespread medical adverse event that occurs in healthcare settings and can lead to increased patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The availability of a wide range of over-the-counter and prescribed medications in the healthcare market, which the general public seems to use on a frequent basis to treat their health complications, has rapidly increased the chances of medication errors. Furthermore, the medication chain has several steps that require different people, and errors can occur at different stages in patient care, from ordering the medication to the time the patient is administered the drug. So each stage of the medication chain is exposed to risks that could result in medication errors. Thereby, medication errors prompt patient harm, preclude immediate discharges, and enhance healthcare costs. As a result, it is important to set up a medication safety culture that can light up in the context of effectively putting strategies into action, and everyone's collaboration and participation to adhering to medication safety strategy can improve patient safety. This review of the literature aims to provide a concept of medication errors, explore the pattern of errors, causes and consequences of errors, and error-related adverse events in all types of healthcare settings, risk factors for medication errors, and strategies to avoid and minimize medication errors.","PeriodicalId":421866,"journal":{"name":"Modern Health Science","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medication errors are the most common and widespread medical adverse event that occurs in healthcare settings and can lead to increased patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The availability of a wide range of over-the-counter and prescribed medications in the healthcare market, which the general public seems to use on a frequent basis to treat their health complications, has rapidly increased the chances of medication errors. Furthermore, the medication chain has several steps that require different people, and errors can occur at different stages in patient care, from ordering the medication to the time the patient is administered the drug. So each stage of the medication chain is exposed to risks that could result in medication errors. Thereby, medication errors prompt patient harm, preclude immediate discharges, and enhance healthcare costs. As a result, it is important to set up a medication safety culture that can light up in the context of effectively putting strategies into action, and everyone's collaboration and participation to adhering to medication safety strategy can improve patient safety. This review of the literature aims to provide a concept of medication errors, explore the pattern of errors, causes and consequences of errors, and error-related adverse events in all types of healthcare settings, risk factors for medication errors, and strategies to avoid and minimize medication errors.
{"title":"Medication error in the provision of healthcare services","authors":"Maimuna Khatun, Anha Akter Riya, Md. Morshed Alam, Sophia Hossain, Tanzilal Hira, Imtiaj Hossain Chowdhury","doi":"10.30560/mhs.v7n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/mhs.v7n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"Medication errors are the most common and widespread medical adverse event that occurs in healthcare settings and can lead to increased patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The availability of a wide range of over-the-counter and prescribed medications in the healthcare market, which the general public seems to use on a frequent basis to treat their health complications, has rapidly increased the chances of medication errors. Furthermore, the medication chain has several steps that require different people, and errors can occur at different stages in patient care, from ordering the medication to the time the patient is administered the drug. So each stage of the medication chain is exposed to risks that could result in medication errors. Thereby, medication errors prompt patient harm, preclude immediate discharges, and enhance healthcare costs. As a result, it is important to set up a medication safety culture that can light up in the context of effectively putting strategies into action, and everyone's collaboration and participation to adhering to medication safety strategy can improve patient safety. This review of the literature aims to provide a concept of medication errors, explore the pattern of errors, causes and consequences of errors, and error-related adverse events in all types of healthcare settings, risk factors for medication errors, and strategies to avoid and minimize medication errors.","PeriodicalId":421866,"journal":{"name":"Modern Health Science","volume":"70 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To systematically evaluate the incidence of COPD with anxiety and depression in the past 5 years. Methods: The databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, WebofScience, TheCochraneLibrary and EMbase were searched by computer. The study type was cross-sectional study or other types of study that included baseline data. Outcome indicators included the incidence of anxiety or depression; The cross-sectional study evaluation scale recommended by AHRQ was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature, and StataSE 16 was used to complete the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 35 literatures were included, including 27 Chinese literatures and 9 English literatures. Meta-analysis results showed that: The overall incidence of COPD combined with anxiety or depression was 50.00%, the overall incidence of COPD combined with anxiety was 40%, the incidence of COPD combined with depression was 42%, and the incidence of COPD combined with anxiety and depression was 20%. Conclusion: The incidence of COPD combined with anxiety and depression is high. Clinicians and patients' families should pay attention to COPD, and the psychological problems of patients, and prevent the occurrence of anxiety and depression.
{"title":"Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Xiaotao Wang, L. Lei, P. Deng","doi":"10.30560/mhs.v5n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/mhs.v5n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To systematically evaluate the incidence of COPD with anxiety and depression in the past 5 years. \u0000Methods: The databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, WebofScience, TheCochraneLibrary and EMbase were searched by computer. The study type was cross-sectional study or other types of study that included baseline data. Outcome indicators included the incidence of anxiety or depression; The cross-sectional study evaluation scale recommended by AHRQ was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature, and StataSE 16 was used to complete the meta-analysis. \u0000Results: A total of 35 literatures were included, including 27 Chinese literatures and 9 English literatures. Meta-analysis results showed that: The overall incidence of COPD combined with anxiety or depression was 50.00%, the overall incidence of COPD combined with anxiety was 40%, the incidence of COPD combined with depression was 42%, and the incidence of COPD combined with anxiety and depression was 20%. \u0000Conclusion: The incidence of COPD combined with anxiety and depression is high. Clinicians and patients' families should pay attention to COPD, and the psychological problems of patients, and prevent the occurrence of anxiety and depression.","PeriodicalId":421866,"journal":{"name":"Modern Health Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132263054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyi S. Enitan, Morenikeji Hannah Adeniyi, S. Junaid, Ernest Chibuike Ohanu, N. Ogbonna, Effiong Effiong Joseph, G. Itodo, O. Adekunbi, Joan Odigie, Ayomide Ruth Olabanji
Background: Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is frequent among Nigerians. Many people are infected without realizing it (asymptomatic) and thus provide a risk of transmission to others. Not only will early treatment prevent TB complications, but it will also help to break the infection cycle in a community. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis IgM and IgG antibodies and associated risk factors among apparently healthy undergraduate Students of Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State. Methodology: The serum samples of 100 consenting participants were collected randomly and screened for TB antibodies using Aria TB IgG/IgM Combo Rapid Antibody Test Cassette (CTK Biotech Inc. Poway, CA 92064, USA). A structured questionnaire was administered to consenting students to obtain information on their bio-data (e.g, the age, sex, study level etc.), as well as clinical information regarding their health (History of TB, history of BCG vaccination, use of anti-TB medications, alcohol consumption, smoking habits etc.). Results: The outcome of this study shows that 15 (15%) out of the 100 participants screened, were positive for TB IgG antibody, while, only 1 (1%) person was positive for TB IgM antibody. There was no significant association (P>0.05) between percentage TB IgG positivity and the socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants (gender, age, study level and tribe), except for religion. The percentage of TB IgG positivity among the study participants was found to be significantly higher than of TB IgM positivity (P<0.05). None of the 15 participants who tested positive to TB IgG indicated any of the signs and symptoms (persistent cough, chest pain, nausea, fever, chills, loss of appetite, fatigue and night sweat) associated with TB), however the only person who tested positive for TB IgM indicated all, except night sweat. Identified risk factors associated with the occurrence of TB IgM include history of TB, lack of BCG vaccination, history of diabetes and physical unfitness. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that asymptomatic and latent tuberculosis infection exists among the study participants, and that if left untreated, it will progress to active tuberculosis with all of its associated complications, including death. This emphasizes the importance of ongoing public health education, BCG vaccination, and periodic screening to detect asymptomatic cases in the study population in order to break the infection cycle.
背景:结核分枝杆菌(TB)感染在尼日利亚人中很常见。许多人在没有意识到(无症状)的情况下被感染，从而提供了传播给他人的风险。早期治疗不仅可以预防结核病并发症，而且还将有助于打破社区中的感染循环。目的:了解奥根州伊利山-雷莫市巴布科克大学表面健康的本科生中结核分枝杆菌IgM和IgG抗体的流行情况及相关危险因素。方法:随机收集100名同意参与者的血清样本，使用Aria TB IgG/IgM组合快速抗体测试盒(CTK Biotech Inc.)筛选TB抗体。Poway, CA 92064, USA)。向同意的学生发放了一份结构化问卷，以获取有关其生物数据(例如，年龄、性别、学习水平等)以及有关其健康的临床信息(结核病史、卡介苗接种史、抗结核病药物使用情况、饮酒情况、吸烟习惯等)的信息。结果:本研究结果显示，在筛选的100名参与者中，结核IgG抗体阳性15人(15%)，结核IgM抗体阳性1人(1%)。除宗教外，TB IgG阳性百分比与研究参与者的社会人口学特征(性别、年龄、研究水平和部落)无显著相关性(P>0.05)。研究对象中结核IgG阳性比例显著高于结核IgM阳性比例(P<0.05)。15名结核IgG检测呈阳性的参与者中，没有人表现出与结核相关的任何体征和症状(持续咳嗽、胸痛、恶心、发烧、发冷、食欲不振、疲劳和盗汗)，但唯一一名结核IgM检测呈阳性的人表现出除盗汗外的所有症状。已确定的与结核IgM发生相关的危险因素包括结核史、缺乏卡介苗接种、糖尿病史和身体不健康。结论:本研究结果表明，在研究参与者中存在无症状和潜伏性结核病感染，如果不及时治疗，它将发展为活动性结核病，并伴有所有相关并发症，包括死亡。这强调了持续的公共卫生教育、卡介苗接种和定期筛查的重要性，以发现研究人群中的无症状病例，以打破感染循环。
{"title":"Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis IgM and IgG Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors Among Apparently Healthy Undergraduate Students of a Private University in South-West Nigeria","authors":"Seyi S. Enitan, Morenikeji Hannah Adeniyi, S. Junaid, Ernest Chibuike Ohanu, N. Ogbonna, Effiong Effiong Joseph, G. Itodo, O. Adekunbi, Joan Odigie, Ayomide Ruth Olabanji","doi":"10.30560/mhs.v4n2p6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/mhs.v4n2p6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is frequent among Nigerians. Many people are infected without realizing it (asymptomatic) and thus provide a risk of transmission to others. Not only will early treatment prevent TB complications, but it will also help to break the infection cycle in a community. \u0000Objective: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis IgM and IgG antibodies and associated risk factors among apparently healthy undergraduate Students of Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State. \u0000Methodology: The serum samples of 100 consenting participants were collected randomly and screened for TB antibodies using Aria TB IgG/IgM Combo Rapid Antibody Test Cassette (CTK Biotech Inc. Poway, CA 92064, USA). A structured questionnaire was administered to consenting students to obtain information on their bio-data (e.g, the age, sex, study level etc.), as well as clinical information regarding their health (History of TB, history of BCG vaccination, use of anti-TB medications, alcohol consumption, smoking habits etc.). \u0000Results: The outcome of this study shows that 15 (15%) out of the 100 participants screened, were positive for TB IgG antibody, while, only 1 (1%) person was positive for TB IgM antibody. There was no significant association (P>0.05) between percentage TB IgG positivity and the socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants (gender, age, study level and tribe), except for religion. The percentage of TB IgG positivity among the study participants was found to be significantly higher than of TB IgM positivity (P<0.05). None of the 15 participants who tested positive to TB IgG indicated any of the signs and symptoms (persistent cough, chest pain, nausea, fever, chills, loss of appetite, fatigue and night sweat) associated with TB), however the only person who tested positive for TB IgM indicated all, except night sweat. Identified risk factors associated with the occurrence of TB IgM include history of TB, lack of BCG vaccination, history of diabetes and physical unfitness. \u0000Conclusion: The findings of this study show that asymptomatic and latent tuberculosis infection exists among the study participants, and that if left untreated, it will progress to active tuberculosis with all of its associated complications, including death. This emphasizes the importance of ongoing public health education, BCG vaccination, and periodic screening to detect asymptomatic cases in the study population in order to break the infection cycle.","PeriodicalId":421866,"journal":{"name":"Modern Health Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121812834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the facts about how nanoparticle assemble and act is revealed using carbon value in biomolecule of living system here. This is how the biomolecules interact to bring about a micro or even macro level interaction in system of interest. This study shows micro level understanding can be better utilized from carbon analysis at nano level. I plan to extend this phenomena of change from nano to micro for building large scale applications in human nature. Applications include corrections in both at sequence and structure level for permanent recovery of defective one, adding flavor to the existing biomolecule for faster delivery or recovery etc. I have demonstrated here the active role played by carbon and all. This might be extended to another system of setup where new applications yet to be created. One can extend this phenomena of change from nano to large scale one.
{"title":"Nanone interactions in antibody of living systems","authors":"Rajasekaran Ekambaram, Indupriya Rajasekaran","doi":"10.30560/mhs.v4n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/mhs.v4n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"One of the facts about how nanoparticle assemble and act is revealed using carbon value in biomolecule of living system here. This is how the biomolecules interact to bring about a micro or even macro level interaction in system of interest. This study shows micro level understanding can be better utilized from carbon analysis at nano level. I plan to extend this phenomena of change from nano to micro for building large scale applications in human nature. Applications include corrections in both at sequence and structure level for permanent recovery of defective one, adding flavor to the existing biomolecule for faster delivery or recovery etc. I have demonstrated here the active role played by carbon and all. This might be extended to another system of setup where new applications yet to be created. One can extend this phenomena of change from nano to large scale one.","PeriodicalId":421866,"journal":{"name":"Modern Health Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117122725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandro Sbrodone, A. Ragucci, G. Iaccarino, Domenico de Robertis, Giovan Battista Scazzi, M. Lanza
Background: The study of the corneal biomechanical properties (CBP) is gaining always more interest, thanks to the applications to refractive surgery and to the overall management of several corneal diseases. Purpose: To analyze the eventual relationships between corneal distortion and morphologic features in healthy subjects. Methods: one eye of one hundred and fifty-two healthy participants, 87 women and 65 men, aging from 23 to 65 years old, were evaluated in this study. Every eye underwent a complete clinical examination, that included also a tomographic scan using Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) and a biomechanical evaluation using Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). Linear regressions among refractive defect, corneal volume (CV), anterior corneal curvature and central corneal thickness (CCT) vs corneal biomechanical features provided by Corvis ST have been ran using SPSS software version 18.0. Results: Corneal distortion factors showed a low correlation both with corneal morphological parameters and with refractive defect. No significant correlations (p> 0.01) were found among morphologic and biomechanical features evaluated. Discussion: results observed in this study could help in recognize the healthy range of values of CBP parameters provided by CST. This information could be very useful in many ophthalmology topics such as the accurate IOP measurement, the early diagnosis of corneal degenerations, such as keratoconous, and the screening of subject undergoing refractive surgery. Conclusions: even if data of this study need to be confirmed in further ones with larger populations, results here observed suggest that Corvis ST is a device providing an evaluation of corneal distortion not influenced by morphological corneal factors. This information could help in better screening and managing the diseased corneas.
{"title":"Corneal Distortion and Corneal Morphological Parameters in Naïve Eyes Analyzed with a Scheimpflug Camera","authors":"Sandro Sbrodone, A. Ragucci, G. Iaccarino, Domenico de Robertis, Giovan Battista Scazzi, M. Lanza","doi":"10.30560/mhs.v3n2p22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/mhs.v3n2p22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study of the corneal biomechanical properties (CBP) is gaining always more interest, thanks to the applications to refractive surgery and to the overall management of several corneal diseases. \u0000Purpose: To analyze the eventual relationships between corneal distortion and morphologic features in healthy subjects. \u0000Methods: one eye of one hundred and fifty-two healthy participants, 87 women and 65 men, aging from 23 to 65 years old, were evaluated in this study. Every eye underwent a complete clinical examination, that included also a tomographic scan using Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) and a biomechanical evaluation using Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). Linear regressions among refractive defect, corneal volume (CV), anterior corneal curvature and central corneal thickness (CCT) vs corneal biomechanical features provided by Corvis ST have been ran using SPSS software version 18.0. \u0000Results: Corneal distortion factors showed a low correlation both with corneal morphological parameters and with refractive defect. No significant correlations (p> 0.01) were found among morphologic and biomechanical features evaluated. \u0000Discussion: results observed in this study could help in recognize the healthy range of values of CBP parameters provided by CST. This information could be very useful in many ophthalmology topics such as the accurate IOP measurement, the early diagnosis of corneal degenerations, such as keratoconous, and the screening of subject undergoing refractive surgery. \u0000Conclusions: even if data of this study need to be confirmed in further ones with larger populations, results here observed suggest that Corvis ST is a device providing an evaluation of corneal distortion not influenced by morphological corneal factors. This information could help in better screening and managing the diseased corneas.","PeriodicalId":421866,"journal":{"name":"Modern Health Science","volume":"292 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132408965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Specificity and precision in writing the main diagnosis will give the accuracy of diagnosis code, and proper code will give an impact on the appropriate of the cost using INA-CBGs. Research objectives was to analyze the specificity and precision in writing the main diagnosis and the accuracy of main diagnosis code based on ICD-10, also the claims of financing in the case of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in RSJ Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Lawang, as well as analyzed their relationship. This type of research was a cross sectional correlasional. Independent variables were the specificity and precision in writing the main diagnosis and the accuracy of main diagnosis code, and the dependent variable was the claim of financing. The number of samples analyzed were 50 inpatient medical record document (MRD) of DM cases which hospitalization from January to September 2017, selected by simple random sampling. The results showed the unspecific and unprecise in writing the main diagnosis of DM disease had a risk 1.6 times greater impacting the inaccuracy the main diagnosis code of DM disease (95% CI: 1.05 - 2.30) and 1.8 times greater resulting in the claims for financing treatment not accordance (95% CI: 1.03 - 3.12). An internal verification team is needed for submission of financing claims, consisting of elements from the medical committee, medical recorders and other related elements, as well as conducting periodic monitoring and evaluation of how to write the main diagnoses and their coding.
{"title":"Relationship Between Specificity and Precision in Writing the Main Diagnosis and Accuracy of Main Diagnosis Codes with Financing Claims in Cases of DM in Dr Radjiman Wediodiningrat Hospital, Lawang","authors":"Endang Sri Dewi Hastuti Suryandari","doi":"10.30560/mhs.v2n2p26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/mhs.v2n2p26","url":null,"abstract":"Specificity and precision in writing the main diagnosis will give the accuracy of diagnosis code, and proper code will give an impact on the appropriate of the cost using INA-CBGs. Research objectives was to analyze the specificity and precision in writing the main diagnosis and the accuracy of main diagnosis code based on ICD-10, also the claims of financing in the case of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in RSJ Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Lawang, as well as analyzed their relationship. This type of research was a cross sectional correlasional. Independent variables were the specificity and precision in writing the main diagnosis and the accuracy of main diagnosis code, and the dependent variable was the claim of financing. The number of samples analyzed were 50 inpatient medical record document (MRD) of DM cases which hospitalization from January to September 2017, selected by simple random sampling. The results showed the unspecific and unprecise in writing the main diagnosis of DM disease had a risk 1.6 times greater impacting the inaccuracy the main diagnosis code of DM disease (95% CI: 1.05 - 2.30) and 1.8 times greater resulting in the claims for financing treatment not accordance (95% CI: 1.03 - 3.12). An internal verification team is needed for submission of financing claims, consisting of elements from the medical committee, medical recorders and other related elements, as well as conducting periodic monitoring and evaluation of how to write the main diagnoses and their coding.","PeriodicalId":421866,"journal":{"name":"Modern Health Science","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115680099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective. Under certain circumstances, the results of multiple investigations – particularly, rigorously-designed trials, can be summarized by systematic reviews and meta-analyses. However, the results of properly conducted meta-analyses can but need not be stronger than single investigations, if (publication) bias is not considered to a necessary extent. Methods. In assessing the significance of publication bias due to study design simple to handle statistical measures for quantifying publication bias are developed and discussed which can be used as a characteristic of a meta-analysis. In addition, these measures may permit comparisons of publication biases between different meta-analyses. Results. Various properties and the performance of the new measures of publication bias are studied and illustrated using simulations and clearly described thought experiments. As a result, individual studies can be reviewed with a higher degree of certainty. Conclusions. Publication bias due to study design is a serious problem in scientific research, which can affect the validity and generalization of conclusions. The index of unfairness and the index of independence are of use to quantify publication bias and to improve the quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
{"title":"Index of Independence","authors":"Ilija Barukčić","doi":"10.30560/mhs.v2n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/mhs.v2n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Under certain circumstances, the results of multiple investigations – particularly, rigorously-designed trials, can be summarized by systematic reviews and meta-analyses. However, the results of properly conducted meta-analyses can but need not be stronger than single investigations, if (publication) bias is not considered to a necessary extent. \u0000Methods. In assessing the significance of publication bias due to study design simple to handle statistical measures for quantifying publication bias are developed and discussed which can be used as a characteristic of a meta-analysis. In addition, these measures may permit comparisons of publication biases between different meta-analyses. \u0000Results. Various properties and the performance of the new measures of publication bias are studied and illustrated using simulations and clearly described thought experiments. As a result, individual studies can be reviewed with a higher degree of certainty. \u0000Conclusions. Publication bias due to study design is a serious problem in scientific research, which can affect the validity and generalization of conclusions. The index of unfairness and the index of independence are of use to quantify publication bias and to improve the quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.","PeriodicalId":421866,"journal":{"name":"Modern Health Science","volume":"11 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126170836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is concerned with the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and other metrics associated with screening tests. It has direct origins in two previous articles. In this third article, the author of the first article writes about topics and issues that were addressed only minimally in his previous article and expands on topics raised by authors of the second article. In particular, attention is turned to wording and terminology that can be idiosyncratic and confusing with regard to screening versus diagnosis as well as to issues associated with reference (“gold”) standards and screening tests, and to the importance of cutpoints and prevalence in relation to metrics associated with screening tests. The primary aims are to help readers attain clarity about topics that they might have felt unsure about; gain reassurance about conceptual difficulties in the field that, once recognized for what they are, can become less problematic because it is possible to be confident about not being confident; and, where appropriate, adopt an appropriately skeptical attitude about screening tests and their associated metrics. Examples are drawn from the use of ankle–brachial and toe–brachial indices for identifying peripheral artery disease, although wider applicability is intended.
{"title":"Screening, Sensitivity, Specificity, and So Forth: A Second, Somewhat Skeptical, Sequel","authors":"Robert Trevethan","doi":"10.30560/MHS.V2N1P60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/MHS.V2N1P60","url":null,"abstract":"This article is concerned with the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and other metrics associated with screening tests. It has direct origins in two previous articles. In this third article, the author of the first article writes about topics and issues that were addressed only minimally in his previous article and expands on topics raised by authors of the second article. In particular, attention is turned to wording and terminology that can be idiosyncratic and confusing with regard to screening versus diagnosis as well as to issues associated with reference (“gold”) standards and screening tests, and to the importance of cutpoints and prevalence in relation to metrics associated with screening tests. The primary aims are to help readers attain clarity about topics that they might have felt unsure about; gain reassurance about conceptual difficulties in the field that, once recognized for what they are, can become less problematic because it is possible to be confident about not being confident; and, where appropriate, adopt an appropriately skeptical attitude about screening tests and their associated metrics. Examples are drawn from the use of ankle–brachial and toe–brachial indices for identifying peripheral artery disease, although wider applicability is intended.","PeriodicalId":421866,"journal":{"name":"Modern Health Science","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122018168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole Solvig, Leeberk Raja, C. George, Bethesda O'Connell, P. Gangadharan, G. Norman
Introduction: Unsafe water, poor sanitation and inadequate hygiene affects many communities around the world. Without access to clean water, proper waste management, or knowledge of basic hygiene practices, the risk for disease is greatly increased. The menstrual cycle can be hard to manage without access to clean products. Additionally, poor knowledge can perpetuate unhygienic practices. Girls are often not taught about menstruation before it occurs leaving them with feelings of fear, disgust, and uncertainty. Methods: This paper analyzes data from adolescent girls in both rural and urban communities in India concerning their knowledge, perceptions, and hygiene practices regarding menstruation. Results from pre and posttests indicate change in knowledge following an educational intervention. Results: The knowledge and practices of adolescent Indian girls regarding menstrual hygiene were greatly lacking. In fact, 53.8% of girls did not know anything about menstruation prior to their first period. Overall, knowledge and practices improved significantly after the educational intervention. Discussion and Conclusion: Education of girls on menstrual hygiene management is effective. The results of this study are generally consistent with other literature. Further educational and environmental interventions as well as research are needed.
{"title":"Analysis of Knowledge of Menstruation, Hygiene Practices, and Perceptions in Adolescent Girls in India","authors":"Nicole Solvig, Leeberk Raja, C. George, Bethesda O'Connell, P. Gangadharan, G. Norman","doi":"10.30560/MHS.V2N1P16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30560/MHS.V2N1P16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Unsafe water, poor sanitation and inadequate hygiene affects many communities around the world. Without access to clean water, proper waste management, or knowledge of basic hygiene practices, the risk for disease is greatly increased. The menstrual cycle can be hard to manage without access to clean products. Additionally, poor knowledge can perpetuate unhygienic practices. Girls are often not taught about menstruation before it occurs leaving them with feelings of fear, disgust, and uncertainty. \u0000Methods: This paper analyzes data from adolescent girls in both rural and urban communities in India concerning their knowledge, perceptions, and hygiene practices regarding menstruation. Results from pre and posttests indicate change in knowledge following an educational intervention. \u0000Results: The knowledge and practices of adolescent Indian girls regarding menstrual hygiene were greatly lacking. In fact, 53.8% of girls did not know anything about menstruation prior to their first period. Overall, knowledge and practices improved significantly after the educational intervention. \u0000Discussion and Conclusion: Education of girls on menstrual hygiene management is effective. The results of this study are generally consistent with other literature. Further educational and environmental interventions as well as research are needed.","PeriodicalId":421866,"journal":{"name":"Modern Health Science","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129120153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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