P. Pujiastuti, Yuliana Mahdiyah, Daat Arina, Depi Praharani, M. A. Wahyukundari, N. Sakinah, Desi Sandra, Sari
Background: Periodontal disease is a disease found worldwide and the prevalence of periodontal disease is around 75% in Jember Regency in pregnant women. Periodontal disease during pregnancy is a risk factor for low birth weight. Therefore, it is crucial to study the ways of maintaining oral hygiene in pregnant women to prevent periodontal disease in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to determine the health profile of the periodontal tissue of pregnant women in the dental agromedical community in the Jember Regency. Methods: This research is a descriptive observational survey-based study. The study population was pregnant women(n=50) in the 1st-3rd trimester, aged 20-30 years, and were having a pregnancy checkup at the MCH polyclinic of the Integrated Service Post in the Coastal area (Puger area) and the Plantation area (Renteng area). Gingival status was examined using the Gingival Index (GI), periodontal health status using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need (CPITN), and oral hygiene status using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Results: The research results showed that the average CPITN was 2.20 in the plantation area and 2.12 in the coastal area which showed the presence of calculus and no presence of pockets. A score of 3 indicates that the gingiva has a sulcus depth of 4-5 mm and in this case, there was no presence of a pocket but edema in the gingiva was found. Conclusion: This study concluded that pregnant women in the coastal area had mild gingivitis and calculus with no presence of pockets in the plantation area.
{"title":"Health Profile of Periodontal Tissue of Pregnant Women in The Agromedical Dental Community in Jember District","authors":"P. Pujiastuti, Yuliana Mahdiyah, Daat Arina, Depi Praharani, M. A. Wahyukundari, N. Sakinah, Desi Sandra, Sari","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-3/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-3/002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Periodontal disease is a disease found worldwide and the prevalence of periodontal disease is around 75% in Jember Regency in pregnant women. Periodontal disease during pregnancy is a risk factor for low birth weight. Therefore, it is crucial to study the ways of maintaining oral hygiene in pregnant women to prevent periodontal disease in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to determine the health profile of the periodontal tissue of pregnant women in the dental agromedical community in the Jember Regency.\u0000\u0000Methods: This research is a descriptive observational survey-based study. The study population was pregnant women(n=50) in the 1st-3rd trimester, aged 20-30 years, and were having a pregnancy checkup at the MCH polyclinic of the Integrated Service Post in the Coastal area (Puger area) and the Plantation area (Renteng area). Gingival status was examined using the Gingival Index (GI), periodontal health status using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need (CPITN), and oral hygiene status using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S).\u0000\u0000Results: The research results showed that the average CPITN was 2.20 in the plantation area and 2.12 in the coastal area which showed the presence of calculus and no presence of pockets. A score of 3 indicates that the gingiva has a sulcus depth of 4-5 mm and in this case, there was no presence of a pocket but edema in the gingiva was found.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: This study concluded that pregnant women in the coastal area had mild gingivitis and calculus with no presence of pockets in the plantation area.","PeriodicalId":422346,"journal":{"name":"PJMD 12-3","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124501520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jabeen, Mehak Raoof, Faria Mumtaz, Beenish Khan, Zubaida Shaheen, Dr. Syeda Surayya Jabeen
Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) seems to have long-term health consequences in a newborn’s life. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with placental blood flow and may lead to IUGR. This study aimed to determine the frequency and outcome of IUGR in hypertensive pregnant females of urban and rural areas. Method: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from July 2021 to June 2022 in the Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, CMH Kohat. All pregnant patients(n=170) of age between 18 to 45 years, either nulliparous or multiparous diagnosed with hypertensive disorders were observed for IUGR and its outcomes including appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration (APGAR) score, and stillbirth in urban and rural females. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. The stratification was performed for different variables and the Chi-square test was applied post-stratification with a confidence interval of 95% and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean maternal and gestational age (mean ± SD) was 28.05±7.07 years and 36.16±3.64 weeks respectively. IUGR was detected in 110 (64.7%) babies. The outcomes observed were a low APGAR score of 42 (24.7%) and stillbirth was seen in 28 (16.46%) females. While IUGR in the urban population was 63.1% and higher in rural females at 65.71% (p = 0.80), the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: It was found that rural females had a high percentage of IUGR in babies which is associated with low APGAR scores and stillbirth. Therefore, timely intervention can prevent hostile consequences and growth disorders.
背景:宫内生长受限(IUGR)似乎对新生儿的生活有长期的健康影响。妊娠期高血压疾病与胎盘血流有关，可能导致IUGR。本研究旨在了解城市和农村地区高血压孕妇IUGR的发生率和转归。方法:本横断面观察研究于2021年7月至2022年6月在科哈特医院妇产科进行。所有年龄在18 ~ 45岁之间、未产或多产、诊断为高血压疾病的孕妇(n=170)，观察其IUGR及其结果，包括外貌、脉搏、鬼脸、活动和呼吸(APGAR)评分，以及城乡女性的死产。收集的数据使用SPSS version 23进行分析。对不同变量进行分层，分层后进行卡方检验，置信区间为95%，p值≤0.05为显著性。结果:产妇平均年龄为28.05±7.07岁，胎龄为36.16±3.64周。110例(64.7%)患儿检出IUGR。结果为APGAR评分42分(24.7%)，死产28例(16.46%)。城市人群IUGR为63.1%，农村女性更高，为65.71% (p = 0.80)，但结果无统计学意义。结论:农村女性新生儿IUGR比例高，与APGAR评分低及死产有关。因此，及时干预可以预防不良后果和生长障碍。
{"title":"Intrauterine Growth Restriction Among Pregnant Hypertensive Women of Urban and Rural Areas","authors":"S. Jabeen, Mehak Raoof, Faria Mumtaz, Beenish Khan, Zubaida Shaheen, Dr. Syeda Surayya Jabeen","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-3/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-3/006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) seems to have long-term health consequences in a newborn’s life. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with placental blood flow and may lead to IUGR. This study aimed to determine the frequency and outcome of IUGR in hypertensive pregnant females of urban and rural areas.\u0000\u0000 Method: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from July 2021 to June 2022 in the Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, CMH Kohat. All pregnant patients(n=170) of age between 18 to 45 years, either nulliparous or multiparous diagnosed with hypertensive disorders were observed for IUGR and its outcomes including appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration (APGAR) score, and stillbirth in urban and rural females. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. The stratification was performed for different variables and the Chi-square test was applied post-stratification with a confidence interval of 95% and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.\u0000\u0000 Results: Mean maternal and gestational age (mean ± SD) was 28.05±7.07 years and 36.16±3.64 weeks respectively. IUGR was detected in 110 (64.7%) babies. The outcomes observed were a low APGAR score of 42 (24.7%) and stillbirth was seen in 28 (16.46%) females. While IUGR in the urban population was 63.1% and higher in rural females at 65.71% (p = 0.80), the results were not statistically significant.\u0000\u0000 Conclusion: It was found that rural females had a high percentage of IUGR in babies which is associated with low APGAR scores and stillbirth. Therefore, timely intervention can prevent hostile consequences and growth disorders.","PeriodicalId":422346,"journal":{"name":"PJMD 12-3","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115108093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We aim to present a case depicting the gradual onset of symptomatic sacral Tarlov cyst with complaints that include: low back pain, numbness, altered sensation, and inability to control bladder and bowel movements (incontinence). The patient under our care was treated by performing an operation that involved laminectomy and excision of the cyst. Tarlov cysts are perineural dilations that are fluid-filled nerve root cysts most commonly found in the sacral region of the spine adjacent to the dorsal root ganglion. Tarlov cyst was first described in medical literature in 1938 and the etiology of the disease is unknown. Tarlov cysts are extremely rare with an incidence of around 5% and were found incidentally in our patient on magnetic resonance imaging as a hyper-intense lesion at the level of S1-S2. Other imaging tools can be used to diagnose Tarlov cysts like CT, MRI, CT myelogram however the gold standard is MRI.
{"title":"Surgical Management of Symptomatic Tarlov Cyst: A Case Report","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-3/012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-3/012","url":null,"abstract":"We aim to present a case depicting the gradual onset of symptomatic sacral Tarlov cyst with complaints that include: low back pain, numbness, altered sensation, and inability to control bladder and bowel movements (incontinence). The patient under our care was treated by performing an operation that involved laminectomy and excision of the cyst.\u0000\u0000Tarlov cysts are perineural dilations that are fluid-filled nerve root cysts most commonly found in the sacral region of the spine adjacent to the dorsal root ganglion. Tarlov cyst was first described in medical literature in 1938 and the etiology of the disease is unknown. Tarlov cysts are extremely rare with an incidence of around 5% and were found incidentally in our patient on magnetic resonance imaging as a hyper-intense lesion at the level of S1-S2. Other imaging tools can be used to diagnose Tarlov cysts like CT, MRI, CT myelogram however the gold standard is MRI.","PeriodicalId":422346,"journal":{"name":"PJMD 12-3","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121762139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mediastinitis due to the spreading of odontogenic infection is rare, but the mortality rate is high. This report presents the case of mediastinitis caused by the spreading of odontogenic infection in healthy males. The patient complained of dyspnoea and trismus. The diffuse and fluctuating swelling was observed in the submandibular and submental area, which spreads to the neck and chest. It was diagnosed mediastinitis as a submandibular and submental abscess complication due to the impacted teeth’ pericoronitis. Two drainage incisions were made following the administration of oxygen and antibiotics injection. The success of mediastinitis treatment due to the spread of odontogenic infection is determined by proper diagnosis and appropriate initial management. Antibiotic administration and pus drainage are the very decisive stage of treatment to reduce the risk of death. It is necessary to eliminate the causative of odontogenic infection.
{"title":"Mediastinitis due to Odontogenic Infection","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-3/011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-3/011","url":null,"abstract":"Mediastinitis due to the spreading of odontogenic infection is rare, but the mortality rate is high. This report presents the case of mediastinitis caused by the spreading of odontogenic infection in healthy males. The patient complained of dyspnoea and trismus. The diffuse and fluctuating swelling was observed in the submandibular and submental area, which spreads to the neck and chest. It was diagnosed mediastinitis as a submandibular and submental abscess complication due to the impacted teeth’ pericoronitis. Two drainage incisions were made following the administration of oxygen and antibiotics injection. The success of mediastinitis treatment due to the spread of odontogenic infection is determined by proper diagnosis and appropriate initial management. Antibiotic administration and pus drainage are the very decisive stage of treatment to reduce the risk of death. It is necessary to eliminate the causative of odontogenic infection.","PeriodicalId":422346,"journal":{"name":"PJMD 12-3","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130480964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Artificial Intelligence has brought revolutionary changes in the medical field in terms of diagnosis, surgeries, and rehabilitation. This study aims to assess the knowledge and perceptions of medical students regarding Artificial Intelligence. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study having a sample size of n= 210. The study was conducted in a medical university of Rawalpindi, among all the years of medicine. A pre-made questionnaire to assess the knowledge and perceptions of the students. The data was collected from September to December 2022. SPSS version 26 and Microsoft Excel were used for data analysis. The data were deposited in a repository of Zenodo with the persistent identifier. Results: Only 13% of students understood what is meant by neural networks. With 65.4% believing that AI will be able to help to establish a prognosis, 60.1% expressed their confidence in AI to replace humans in performing surgery, and 40.3% found it a threat to physicians’ jobs being replaced by AI. The majority (73.9%) of students thought that health equity will face quite a lot of new challenges if AI steps into medicine but they also agreed that AI skills should be ingrained in medical training. Conclusion: Medical students lack an understanding of AI but are quite optimistic that it has the potential to transform existing healthcare practices. Students believe that training in AI competencies should be added to their curriculum so that they can be well equipped with upcoming challenges.
导语:人工智能给医疗领域的诊断、手术、康复带来了革命性的变化。本研究旨在评估医学生对人工智能的认知和认知。方法:这是一项横断面研究，样本量为n= 210。这项研究是在拉瓦尔品第的一所医科大学进行的，在多年的医学研究中。一份预先制作的问卷，用以评估学生的知识和认知。数据收集于2022年9月至12月。采用SPSS version 26和Microsoft Excel进行数据分析。数据存储在Zenodo的存储库中，具有持久标识符。结果:只有13%的学生理解神经网络的含义。65.4%的人认为人工智能将能够帮助建立预后，60.1%的人表示有信心人工智能取代人类进行手术，40.3%的人认为这对医生的工作构成了威胁。大多数(73.9%)的学生认为，如果人工智能进入医学领域，医疗公平将面临许多新的挑战，但他们也同意，人工智能技能应该在医学培训中根深蒂固。结论:医学生对人工智能缺乏了解，但对人工智能有可能改变现有的医疗实践持乐观态度。学生们认为，应该在课程中增加人工智能能力的培训，以便他们能够更好地应对即将到来的挑战。
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in The Healthcare System; A Cross-Sectional Study Involving Medical Students","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-3/004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-3/004","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Artificial Intelligence has brought revolutionary changes in the medical field in terms of diagnosis, surgeries, and rehabilitation. This study aims to assess the knowledge and perceptions of medical students regarding Artificial Intelligence.\u0000\u0000Methods: This is a cross-sectional study having a sample size of n= 210. The study was conducted in a medical university of Rawalpindi, among all the years of medicine. A pre-made questionnaire to assess the knowledge and perceptions of the students. The data was collected from September to December 2022. SPSS version 26 and Microsoft Excel were used for data analysis. The data were deposited in a repository of Zenodo with the persistent identifier.\u0000\u0000Results: Only 13% of students understood what is meant by neural networks. With 65.4% believing that AI will be able to help to establish a prognosis, 60.1% expressed their confidence in AI to replace humans in performing surgery, and 40.3% found it a threat to physicians’ jobs being replaced by AI. The majority (73.9%) of students thought that health equity will face quite a lot of new challenges if AI steps into medicine but they also agreed that AI skills should be ingrained in medical training.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Medical students lack an understanding of AI but are quite optimistic that it has the potential to transform existing healthcare practices. Students believe that training in AI competencies should be added to their curriculum so that they can be well equipped with upcoming challenges.","PeriodicalId":422346,"journal":{"name":"PJMD 12-3","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130390376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Flipped classroom technique (FCR) is a pedagogical approach where students watch pre-recorded video lectures or read educational materials before coming to class. During class, students engage in activities, discussions, and problem-solving exercises related to the pre-recorded content, with the teacher acting as a facilitator and guide. The key to the effective utilization of this instructional method is that both the teachers and the students understand its educational philosophy and technique. This study aims at exploring the faculty’s understanding and perceptions regarding flipping the classroom. Method: A Cross-sectional Descriptive study was carried out at Bahria university medical and dental college (BUMDC), Karachi, Pakistan from January to June 2020, after approval from the institutional ethical review committee. Data was collected through a self-designed questionnaire after obtaining verbal consent from 197 faculty members through non-probability purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by version 23.0 of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The mean scores of these identified factors were compared between genders, departments, designations, and teaching experience using an independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The results revealed that more than half of the studied participants had a moderate perception regarding Flipped Classroom and more than one-third of those who were female (67.5%), had a highly positive perception (<0.01). According to designation and teaching experience, mean scores were higher for senior faculty as compared to junior faculty (p=0.02). Conclusions: Contrary to popular belief, senior faculty also perceives this new technique as being beneficial for their teaching. This opportunity should be utilized to train the faculty in conducting flipped classrooms in order to optimize its benefits.
{"title":"Flipped Classroom Learning among Medical and Dental Faculty of Bahria University Medical and Dental College","authors":"Shafaq Sultana, Talea Hoor, Madiha Ata","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-3/008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-3/008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Flipped classroom technique (FCR) is a pedagogical approach where students watch pre-recorded video lectures or read educational materials before coming to class. During class, students engage in activities, discussions, and problem-solving exercises related to the pre-recorded content, with the teacher acting as a facilitator and guide. The key to the effective utilization of this instructional method is that both the teachers and the students understand its educational philosophy and technique. This study aims at exploring the faculty’s understanding and perceptions regarding flipping the classroom.\u0000\u0000 Method: A Cross-sectional Descriptive study was carried out at Bahria university medical and dental college (BUMDC), Karachi, Pakistan from January to June 2020, after approval from the institutional ethical review committee. Data was collected through a self-designed questionnaire after obtaining verbal consent from 197 faculty members through non-probability purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by version 23.0 of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The mean scores of these identified factors were compared between genders, departments, designations, and teaching experience using an independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.\u0000\u0000 Results: The results revealed that more than half of the studied participants had a moderate perception regarding Flipped Classroom and more than one-third of those who were female (67.5%), had a highly positive perception (<0.01). According to designation and teaching experience, mean scores were higher for senior faculty as compared to junior faculty (p=0.02).\u0000\u0000Conclusions: Contrary to popular belief, senior faculty also perceives this new technique as being beneficial for their teaching. This opportunity should be utilized to train the faculty in conducting flipped classrooms in order to optimize its benefits.","PeriodicalId":422346,"journal":{"name":"PJMD 12-3","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116533223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Postpartum depression (PPD), a common psychiatric complication of pregnancy, may be defined as persistent sad behavior, melancholic mood, anxiety, and lethargy within a year after childbirth. PPD is considered an exclusively female psychiatric illness, however, recent research shows that PPD affects males too. A meta-analysis published recently reveals that around 10% of new fathers experience depressive symptoms around the time of their child’s birth, especially after 3 to 6 months of having a baby.
{"title":"Postpartum Depression - Not a gender-specific psychiatric illness","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-3/013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-3/013","url":null,"abstract":"Postpartum depression (PPD), a common psychiatric complication of pregnancy, may be defined as persistent sad behavior, melancholic mood, anxiety, and lethargy within a year after childbirth. PPD is considered an exclusively female psychiatric illness, however, recent research shows that PPD affects males too. A meta-analysis published recently reveals that around 10% of new fathers experience depressive symptoms around the time of their child’s birth, especially after 3 to 6 months of having a baby.","PeriodicalId":422346,"journal":{"name":"PJMD 12-3","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131561320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Augmentations and improvements in sinus surgical methods and computed tomography (CT) have concurrently elaborated interest in variable anatomical features of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (PNS). Anatomical variations are normal morphological structures that are present in humans. The presence of these anatomical variations can affect nearby anatomical relations resulting in structural modifications. By the broad perspective of anatomical features in the sinonasal area, certain anatomical characteristics are supposed to be a risk factor for the advancement of sinus pathological conditions and hence it should be essential for the radiologist to be conscious of the variable anatomical structures residing within the nasal and PNS area, significantly if the treatment plan includes surgical procedures. The sinonasal tomographic imaging is required in symptomatic subjects of sinusitis to evaluate the mysterious sinonasal anatomy including morphology, variations, detailed bony visualization, and pathologies within the sinonasal region and surroundings. This review includes studies from 2013-2023 which were extracted from searching databases like Google Scholar, Internet sources, PubMed, Scopus, and Medline to establish a critical review of hidden anatomy of nasal and paranasal sinus region, detected by computed tomography and highlight the operative significance to enhance the surgical outcomes globally.
{"title":"Computed Tomography for Nasal and Paranasal Anatomic Variants","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-3/010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-3/010","url":null,"abstract":"Augmentations and improvements in sinus surgical methods and computed tomography (CT) have concurrently elaborated interest in variable anatomical features of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (PNS). Anatomical variations are normal morphological structures that are present in humans. The presence of these anatomical variations can affect nearby anatomical relations resulting in structural modifications. By the broad perspective of anatomical features in the sinonasal area, certain anatomical characteristics are supposed to be a risk factor for the advancement of sinus pathological conditions and hence it should be essential for the radiologist to be conscious of the variable anatomical structures residing within the nasal and PNS area, significantly if the treatment plan includes surgical procedures. The sinonasal tomographic imaging is required in symptomatic subjects of sinusitis to evaluate the mysterious sinonasal anatomy including morphology, variations, detailed bony visualization, and pathologies within the sinonasal region and surroundings. This review includes studies from 2013-2023 which were extracted from searching databases like Google Scholar, Internet sources, PubMed, Scopus, and Medline to establish a critical review of hidden anatomy of nasal and paranasal sinus region, detected by computed tomography and highlight the operative significance to enhance the surgical outcomes globally.","PeriodicalId":422346,"journal":{"name":"PJMD 12-3","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124011688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is one of the key prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma and positive perineural invasion (PNI) is a predictor of cervical lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and decline-free survival. This study determines perineural invasion association with cervical lymph node metastasis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). Method: We analyzed the laboratory data collected from the surgical pathology files of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. This retrospective study included all diagnosed cases of OCSCC that underwent cervical lymph node dissection during the 10-year period from June 2008 to March 2019. The cases were characterized according to age, gender, perineural invasion, and lymph node metastasis. The data was analyzed using SPSS and Chi-Square test was used to find the association between the cervical lymph node metastatic and PNI status. Results: A total of 527 diagnosed cases of OCSCC with cervical neck dissection were found. It is evident from our study that OCSCC with neck dissection specimens is frequently seen in males, mostly belonging to the middle adult age group followed by young adults. Of the 527 cases, 165 showed PNI (31.3%), and 20% of the PNI cases were positive for cervical lymph node metastasis, while 40% showed benign cervical lymph nodes with negative PNI. Conclusion: This study highlights the single parameter of PNI and its association with cervical lymph node metastasis and showed a significant relationship between perineural invasion and cervical lymph node metastatic status (p < .001).
{"title":"Association of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis and Perineural Invasion in Patients with Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"","doi":"10.36283/pjmd12-3/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36283/pjmd12-3/003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is one of the key prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma and positive perineural invasion (PNI) is a predictor of cervical lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and decline-free survival. This study determines perineural invasion association with cervical lymph node metastasis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).\u0000\u0000Method: We analyzed the laboratory data collected from the surgical pathology files of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. This retrospective study included all diagnosed cases of OCSCC that underwent cervical lymph node dissection during the 10-year period from June 2008 to March 2019. The cases were characterized according to age, gender, perineural invasion, and lymph node metastasis. The data was analyzed using SPSS and Chi-Square test was used to find the association between the cervical lymph node metastatic and PNI status.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 527 diagnosed cases of OCSCC with cervical neck dissection were found. It is evident from our study that OCSCC with neck dissection specimens is frequently seen in males, mostly belonging to the middle adult age group followed by young adults. Of the 527 cases, 165 showed PNI (31.3%), and 20% of the PNI cases were positive for cervical lymph node metastasis, while 40% showed benign cervical lymph nodes with negative PNI.\u0000\u0000 Conclusion: This study highlights the single parameter of PNI and its association with cervical lymph node metastasis and showed a significant relationship between perineural invasion and cervical lymph node metastatic status (p < .001).","PeriodicalId":422346,"journal":{"name":"PJMD 12-3","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131458849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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