Pub Date : 2008-07-21DOI: 10.1109/SAM.2008.4606824
M. Costa, A. Richter, F. Belloni, V. Koivunen
In this paper, we propose angle of arrival estimation algorithms for arbitrary array geometries. The proposed methods extend the root-WSF and modified variable projection (MVP) algorithms to arbitrary array configurations. This is accomplished by employing the recently introduced manifold separation technique (MST), which stems from wavefield modelling. The algorithms process the data in the element-space domain, i.e. no mapping of the data that introduces errors is required. Moreover, coherent sources can be handled. The proposed MST-based MVP algorithm shows a statistical performance close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The performance is illustrated using calibration data from two real-world arrays.
{"title":"Polynomial rooting-based direction finding for arbitrary array configurations","authors":"M. Costa, A. Richter, F. Belloni, V. Koivunen","doi":"10.1109/SAM.2008.4606824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAM.2008.4606824","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose angle of arrival estimation algorithms for arbitrary array geometries. The proposed methods extend the root-WSF and modified variable projection (MVP) algorithms to arbitrary array configurations. This is accomplished by employing the recently introduced manifold separation technique (MST), which stems from wavefield modelling. The algorithms process the data in the element-space domain, i.e. no mapping of the data that introduces errors is required. Moreover, coherent sources can be handled. The proposed MST-based MVP algorithm shows a statistical performance close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The performance is illustrated using calibration data from two real-world arrays.","PeriodicalId":422747,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117148974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-21DOI: 10.1109/SAM.2008.4606856
T. K. Yasar, T. E. Tuncer
Coherent wideband DOA estimation for non-uniform linear arrays (NLA) is considered. Array interpolation is used for two mappings. In the first mapping, NLA is mapped to a uniform linear array with the same array aperture. In the second mapping covariance matrices for each frequency bin are mapped to a single one at the center frequency for coherent DOA estimation. A Wiener formulation is used for array interpolation where both signal and noise powers are estimated with maximum likelihood method. Different approaches are compared and the advantages of wideband processing versus narrowband processing are outlined. The accuracy of the SNR estimation is high and it is shown that Wiener array interpolation significantly improves the DOA estimation performance in both narrowband and wideband processing.
{"title":"Wideband DOA estimation for nonuniform linear arrays with Wiener array interpolation","authors":"T. K. Yasar, T. E. Tuncer","doi":"10.1109/SAM.2008.4606856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAM.2008.4606856","url":null,"abstract":"Coherent wideband DOA estimation for non-uniform linear arrays (NLA) is considered. Array interpolation is used for two mappings. In the first mapping, NLA is mapped to a uniform linear array with the same array aperture. In the second mapping covariance matrices for each frequency bin are mapped to a single one at the center frequency for coherent DOA estimation. A Wiener formulation is used for array interpolation where both signal and noise powers are estimated with maximum likelihood method. Different approaches are compared and the advantages of wideband processing versus narrowband processing are outlined. The accuracy of the SNR estimation is high and it is shown that Wiener array interpolation significantly improves the DOA estimation performance in both narrowband and wideband processing.","PeriodicalId":422747,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127123766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-21DOI: 10.1109/SAM.2008.4606817
M. Adibi, V. Vakili
In this paper, we derive a closed form necessary and sufficient condition under which rank r multichannel beamforming achieves the capacity of a single user spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channel which employs multiple transmit antennas and a single receive antenna. It is assumed that the receiver has perfect channel side information (CSIR) while the transmitter only knows the channel distribution (CDIT). Additionally, a set of r independent closed form equation is derived that gives the r non-zero eigenvalues of transmit covariance associated to transmit power along each mode.
{"title":"Optimality of multichannel beamforming for spatially correlated multiple-antenna Rayleigh fading channels with channel covariance information at transmitter","authors":"M. Adibi, V. Vakili","doi":"10.1109/SAM.2008.4606817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAM.2008.4606817","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we derive a closed form necessary and sufficient condition under which rank r multichannel beamforming achieves the capacity of a single user spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channel which employs multiple transmit antennas and a single receive antenna. It is assumed that the receiver has perfect channel side information (CSIR) while the transmitter only knows the channel distribution (CDIT). Additionally, a set of r independent closed form equation is derived that gives the r non-zero eigenvalues of transmit covariance associated to transmit power along each mode.","PeriodicalId":422747,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116418334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-21DOI: 10.1109/SAM.2008.4606911
G. Efstathopoulos, A. Manikas
This paper is concerned with the problem of antenna array calibration in a non-stationary signal environment. In detail, this study focuses on calibration of the antenna array geometry by employing properties of the differential geometry of the array manifold vector. The proposed algorithm is totally blind, since the only available information to the array system is the received signal emitted by a moving source of unknown characteristics. The only assumption made is that the movement of the source has an angular component and that the position of one sensor with regards to the reference point is known. It is shown through Monte Carlo simulations that this method significantly improves the ability of the array system to estimate characteristics of the moving source, such as its direction of arrival (DOA), in addition to reducing the positioning errors of the array elements.
{"title":"A blind array calibration algorithm using a moving source","authors":"G. Efstathopoulos, A. Manikas","doi":"10.1109/SAM.2008.4606911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAM.2008.4606911","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with the problem of antenna array calibration in a non-stationary signal environment. In detail, this study focuses on calibration of the antenna array geometry by employing properties of the differential geometry of the array manifold vector. The proposed algorithm is totally blind, since the only available information to the array system is the received signal emitted by a moving source of unknown characteristics. The only assumption made is that the movement of the source has an angular component and that the position of one sensor with regards to the reference point is known. It is shown through Monte Carlo simulations that this method significantly improves the ability of the array system to estimate characteristics of the moving source, such as its direction of arrival (DOA), in addition to reducing the positioning errors of the array elements.","PeriodicalId":422747,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130627537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-21DOI: 10.1109/SAM.2008.4606852
H. Tsuji, Jimeng Zheng, M. Kaveh
The problem of interest is the determination of the location of a licensed or unlicensed source of radio transmission from air. Accordingly, an experiment was conducted in 2008 involving a two-dimensional antenna array mounted on a Zeppelin NT airship. This paper gives an overview of the experiment and some results obtained to date by post-processing of the collected data. A combination of angles of arrival estimation of radio sources and the proposed attitude correction technique gives an accurate location estimation of a radio source located in an urban area. We also verified the feasibility of localization system using on-board array antennas through the experiment.
{"title":"Experiments in radio location estimation using an airbone array","authors":"H. Tsuji, Jimeng Zheng, M. Kaveh","doi":"10.1109/SAM.2008.4606852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAM.2008.4606852","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of interest is the determination of the location of a licensed or unlicensed source of radio transmission from air. Accordingly, an experiment was conducted in 2008 involving a two-dimensional antenna array mounted on a Zeppelin NT airship. This paper gives an overview of the experiment and some results obtained to date by post-processing of the collected data. A combination of angles of arrival estimation of radio sources and the proposed attitude correction technique gives an accurate location estimation of a radio source located in an urban area. We also verified the feasibility of localization system using on-board array antennas through the experiment.","PeriodicalId":422747,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126295943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-21DOI: 10.1109/SAM.2008.4606833
T. Filik, T. Engin Tuncer
In this study, isotropic V-shaped uniform and nonuniform arrays are considered. An isotropic array has the same value for the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for all direction of arrival (DOA) angles. The conditions for isotropic V-shaped arrays are presented and closed form expressions for V-shaped uniform and nonuniform arrays are found. These expressions return the V-angle for the array. Therefore, given the number of sensors and sensor displacements, isotropic performance V-angle can be found easily. V-shaped arrays are compared with circular arrays and it is also shown that both uniform and nonuniform V-shaped arrays have certain advantages.
{"title":"Uniform and nonuniform V-shaped isotropic planar arrays","authors":"T. Filik, T. Engin Tuncer","doi":"10.1109/SAM.2008.4606833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAM.2008.4606833","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, isotropic V-shaped uniform and nonuniform arrays are considered. An isotropic array has the same value for the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for all direction of arrival (DOA) angles. The conditions for isotropic V-shaped arrays are presented and closed form expressions for V-shaped uniform and nonuniform arrays are found. These expressions return the V-angle for the array. Therefore, given the number of sensors and sensor displacements, isotropic performance V-angle can be found easily. V-shaped arrays are compared with circular arrays and it is also shown that both uniform and nonuniform V-shaped arrays have certain advantages.","PeriodicalId":422747,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115870394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-21DOI: 10.1109/SAM.2008.4606897
B. Sadler, Ning Liu, Zhengyuan Xu
Using the Ziv-Zakai bound (ZZB) methodology, we develop a Bayesian (MSE) bound on time delay estimation (TDE) in a wideband convolutive random channel. The channel is modeled as a tapped delay line, whose taps are Gaussian random variables that may be non-zero mean and correlated. The derivation does not assume channel knowledge at the receiver, and so realistically takes into account the effects of the unknown channel when estimating time delay. The channel model can represent wideband and ultra-wideband, as well as line of sight and non-line of sight cases, through selection of model parameters. The bound development involves the minimum probability of decision error under a hypothesis test, and we show this can be equivalently formulated as a probability of detection error for binary pulse position modulation (PPM) signals. An expression for the error probability, and thus the ZZB on TDE, is derived using a moment generating function approach. Effects of system design and channel distribution parameters are studied through the ZZB.
{"title":"Ziv-Zakai bound on time delay estimation in unknown convolutive random channels","authors":"B. Sadler, Ning Liu, Zhengyuan Xu","doi":"10.1109/SAM.2008.4606897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAM.2008.4606897","url":null,"abstract":"Using the Ziv-Zakai bound (ZZB) methodology, we develop a Bayesian (MSE) bound on time delay estimation (TDE) in a wideband convolutive random channel. The channel is modeled as a tapped delay line, whose taps are Gaussian random variables that may be non-zero mean and correlated. The derivation does not assume channel knowledge at the receiver, and so realistically takes into account the effects of the unknown channel when estimating time delay. The channel model can represent wideband and ultra-wideband, as well as line of sight and non-line of sight cases, through selection of model parameters. The bound development involves the minimum probability of decision error under a hypothesis test, and we show this can be equivalently formulated as a probability of detection error for binary pulse position modulation (PPM) signals. An expression for the error probability, and thus the ZZB on TDE, is derived using a moment generating function approach. Effects of system design and channel distribution parameters are studied through the ZZB.","PeriodicalId":422747,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132015862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-21DOI: 10.1109/SAM.2008.4606815
Marta Arroyo, J. Vía, I. Santamaría
Channel order estimation is a critical step in blind channel identification/equalization algorithms. In this paper, a new criterion for channel order estimation of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels is presented. The proposed method relies on the reformulation of the blind equalization problemas a set of nested canonical correlation analysis (CCA) problems, whose solutions are given by a generalized eigenvalue (GEV) problem. In particular, the channel order estimates are obtained from the multiplicity of the largest generalized eigenvalue of the successive GEVs. Unlike previous approaches, the performance of the proposed method is good even in the cases of small data sets, colored signals, and channels with small head and tails terms, which is illustrated by means os some numerical examples.
{"title":"Deterministic MIMO channel order estimation based on canonical correlation analysis","authors":"Marta Arroyo, J. Vía, I. Santamaría","doi":"10.1109/SAM.2008.4606815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAM.2008.4606815","url":null,"abstract":"Channel order estimation is a critical step in blind channel identification/equalization algorithms. In this paper, a new criterion for channel order estimation of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels is presented. The proposed method relies on the reformulation of the blind equalization problemas a set of nested canonical correlation analysis (CCA) problems, whose solutions are given by a generalized eigenvalue (GEV) problem. In particular, the channel order estimates are obtained from the multiplicity of the largest generalized eigenvalue of the successive GEVs. Unlike previous approaches, the performance of the proposed method is good even in the cases of small data sets, colored signals, and channels with small head and tails terms, which is illustrated by means os some numerical examples.","PeriodicalId":422747,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133937205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-21DOI: 10.1109/SAM.2008.4606872
C. Mosquera, S. Jayaweera
In this paper we propose a distributed estimation scheme for tracking the state of a Gauss-Markov model by means of independent observations at sensors connected in a network. Our emphasis is on low communication demands to alleviate the burden on eventually battery-powered sensors, which will limit the achievable performance with respect to an ideal centralized Kalman filter with access to all sensors measurements. The cooperation is performed in a distributed way to guarantee scalability and robustness to failures, and it is designed to reduce the detrimental effects of the channel noise on the sensor exchanges.
{"title":"Entangled Kalman filters for cooperative estimation","authors":"C. Mosquera, S. Jayaweera","doi":"10.1109/SAM.2008.4606872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAM.2008.4606872","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a distributed estimation scheme for tracking the state of a Gauss-Markov model by means of independent observations at sensors connected in a network. Our emphasis is on low communication demands to alleviate the burden on eventually battery-powered sensors, which will limit the achievable performance with respect to an ideal centralized Kalman filter with access to all sensors measurements. The cooperation is performed in a distributed way to guarantee scalability and robustness to failures, and it is designed to reduce the detrimental effects of the channel noise on the sensor exchanges.","PeriodicalId":422747,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop","volume":"25 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131790538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-07-21DOI: 10.1109/SAM.2008.4606843
B. K. Chalise, L. Vandendorpe
We study an amplify and forward (AF) relaying scheme that uses a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) relay to improve the performance of multi-point to point communication in cellular networks. With the assumption that perfect channel state information (CSI) is known, the MIMO relay and the base station (BS) receiver are jointly optimized. The objective is to minimize the sum mean-square error (MSE) while keeping the total transmit power of the relay constant. This problem is solved suboptimally using iterative as well as non-iterative methods. Computer simulations show the performance improvements of the proposed methods over conventional all-pass MIMO relay.
{"title":"MIMO relaying for multiaccess communication in cellular networks","authors":"B. K. Chalise, L. Vandendorpe","doi":"10.1109/SAM.2008.4606843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SAM.2008.4606843","url":null,"abstract":"We study an amplify and forward (AF) relaying scheme that uses a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) relay to improve the performance of multi-point to point communication in cellular networks. With the assumption that perfect channel state information (CSI) is known, the MIMO relay and the base station (BS) receiver are jointly optimized. The objective is to minimize the sum mean-square error (MSE) while keeping the total transmit power of the relay constant. This problem is solved suboptimally using iterative as well as non-iterative methods. Computer simulations show the performance improvements of the proposed methods over conventional all-pass MIMO relay.","PeriodicalId":422747,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop","volume":"132 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130862262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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