Pub Date : 2003-09-04DOI: 10.1017/S1539299600017846
B. Indermuehle, M. Burton, S. Maddison
On examining the historical development of astrophysical science at the bottom of the world from the early 20th century until today we find three temporally overlapping eras of which each has a rather distinct beginning. These are the eras of Astrogeology, High Energy Astrophysics and Photon Astronomy.
{"title":"History of Astrophysics in Antarctica - A Brief Overview","authors":"B. Indermuehle, M. Burton, S. Maddison","doi":"10.1017/S1539299600017846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600017846","url":null,"abstract":"On examining the historical development of astrophysical science at the bottom of the world from the early 20th century until today we find three temporally overlapping eras of which each has a rather distinct beginning. These are the eras of Astrogeology, High Energy Astrophysics and Photon Astronomy.","PeriodicalId":422890,"journal":{"name":"Highlights of Astronomy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126839835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-09-04DOI: 10.1017/S1539299600017354
P. Anders, U. F. Alvensleben, R. S. U. Goettingen, D. PhysicsAstronomy, U. Sheffield
Star cluster formation is a major mode of star formation in the extreme conditions of interacting galaxies and violent starbursts. These newly-formed clusters are built from recycled gas, pre-enriched to various levels within the interacting galaxies. Hence, star clusters of different ages represent a fossil record of the chemical enrichment history of their host galaxy, as well as of the host galaxy's violent star formation history. We present a new set of evolutionary synthesis models of our GALEV code, specifically developed to include the gaseous emission of presently forming star clusters, and a new tool to analyse multi-color observations with our models. First results for newly-born clusters in the dwarf starburst galaxy NGC 1569 are presented.
{"title":"Young Star Clusters: Metallicity Tracers in External Galaxies","authors":"P. Anders, U. F. Alvensleben, R. S. U. Goettingen, D. PhysicsAstronomy, U. Sheffield","doi":"10.1017/S1539299600017354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600017354","url":null,"abstract":"Star cluster formation is a major mode of star formation in the extreme conditions of interacting galaxies and violent starbursts. These newly-formed clusters are built from recycled gas, pre-enriched to various levels within the interacting galaxies. Hence, star clusters of different ages represent a fossil record of the chemical enrichment history of their host galaxy, as well as of the host galaxy's violent star formation history. We present a new set of evolutionary synthesis models of our GALEV code, specifically developed to include the gaseous emission of presently forming star clusters, and a new tool to analyse multi-color observations with our models. First results for newly-born clusters in the dwarf starburst galaxy NGC 1569 are presented.","PeriodicalId":422890,"journal":{"name":"Highlights of Astronomy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124292736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-08-29DOI: 10.1017/S1539299600016713
S. Schippers
Recent experimental work on the photorecombination and the photoionization of astrophysically relevant atomic ions employing the merged-beams technique at heavy-ion storage-rings and synchrotron-light sources, respectively, is summarized. The resulting absolute photoionization cross sections and recombination rate coefficients benchmark corresponding theoretical calculations and are needed for the accurate determination of ionization equilibria in astrophysical plasmas.
{"title":"Photorecombination and Photoionization Experiments at Heavy-Ion Storage-Rings and Synchrotron-Light Sources","authors":"S. Schippers","doi":"10.1017/S1539299600016713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600016713","url":null,"abstract":"Recent experimental work on the photorecombination and the photoionization of astrophysically relevant atomic ions employing the merged-beams technique at heavy-ion storage-rings and synchrotron-light sources, respectively, is summarized. The resulting absolute photoionization cross sections and recombination rate coefficients benchmark corresponding theoretical calculations and are needed for the accurate determination of ionization equilibria in astrophysical plasmas.","PeriodicalId":422890,"journal":{"name":"Highlights of Astronomy","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123656761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-08-29DOI: 10.1017/S1539299600017755
A. Stark
A large single-dish submillimeter-wave telescope equipped with a focal plane array containing � 10 4 bolometers and costing about $120M could locate most protogalaxies in the southern sky within a year of operation.
{"title":"The Case for a 30m Diameter Submillimeter Telescope on the Antarctic Plateau","authors":"A. Stark","doi":"10.1017/S1539299600017755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600017755","url":null,"abstract":"A large single-dish submillimeter-wave telescope equipped with a focal plane array containing � 10 4 bolometers and costing about $120M could locate most protogalaxies in the southern sky within a year of operation.","PeriodicalId":422890,"journal":{"name":"Highlights of Astronomy","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132759231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-08-15DOI: 10.1017/S1539299600015598
K. Bekki, W. Couch, D. Forbes, M. Beasley
Our numerical simulations first demonstrate that the pressure of ISM in a major merger becomes so high ($>$ $10^5$ $rm k_{rm B}$ K $rm cm^{-3}$) that GMCs in the merger can collapse to form globular clusters (GCs) within a few Myr. The star formation efficiency within a GMC in galaxy mergers can rise up from a few percent to $sim$ 80 percent, depending on the shapes and the temperature of the GMC. This implosive GC formation due to external high pressure of warm/hot ISM can be more efficient in the tidal tails or the central regions of mergers. The developed clusters have King-like profile with the effective radius of a few pc. The structural, kinematical, and chemical properties of these GC systems can depend on orbital and chemical properties of major mergers.
我们的数值模拟首先表明，在一次大型合并中，ISM的压力变得如此之高($>$ 10^5$ $rm k_{rm B}$ K $rm cm^{-3}$)，以至于合并中的gmc可以在几个Myr内坍缩形成球状星团(gc)。在星系合并中，GMC内的恒星形成效率可以从百分之几上升到百分之八十，这取决于GMC的形状和温度。这种内爆式气相岩形成是由温暖/热ISM的外部高压引起的，在潮汐尾或合并的中心区域更有效。发达的星团具有国王型轮廓，有效半径为几个pc。这些GC系统的结构、运动学和化学性质取决于主要合并的轨道和化学性质。
{"title":"Formation of Globular Clusters in Galaxy Mergers","authors":"K. Bekki, W. Couch, D. Forbes, M. Beasley","doi":"10.1017/S1539299600015598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600015598","url":null,"abstract":"Our numerical simulations first demonstrate that the pressure of ISM in a major merger becomes so high ($>$ $10^5$ $rm k_{rm B}$ K $rm cm^{-3}$) that GMCs in the merger can collapse to form globular clusters (GCs) within a few Myr. The star formation efficiency within a GMC in galaxy mergers can rise up from a few percent to $sim$ 80 percent, depending on the shapes and the temperature of the GMC. This implosive GC formation due to external high pressure of warm/hot ISM can be more efficient in the tidal tails or the central regions of mergers. The developed clusters have King-like profile with the effective radius of a few pc. The structural, kinematical, and chemical properties of these GC systems can depend on orbital and chemical properties of major mergers.","PeriodicalId":422890,"journal":{"name":"Highlights of Astronomy","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121842060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-08-13DOI: 10.1017/S1539299600015562
R. Grijs
The currently available empirical evidence on the star formation processes in the extreme, high-pressure environments induced by galaxy encounters, mostly based on high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope imaging observations, strongly suggests that star CLUSTER formation is an important and perhaps even the dominant mode of star formation in the starburst events associated with galaxy interactions. The production of"super star clusters"(SSCs; luminous, compact star clusters) seems to be a hallmark of intense star formation, particularly in interacting and starburst galaxies. Their sizes, luminosities, and mass estimates are entirely consistent with what is expected for young Milky Way-type globular clusters (GCs). SSCs are important because of what they can tell us about GC formation and evolution (e.g., initial characteristics and early survival rates). They are also of prime importance as probes of the formation and (chemical) evolution of their host galaxies, and of the initial mass function in the extreme environments required for cluster formation. Recent evidence lends support to the scenario that Milky Way-type GCs (although more metal rich), which were once thought to be the oldest building blocks of galaxies, are still forming today.
{"title":"Star Cluster Formation in Extreme Starburst Environments","authors":"R. Grijs","doi":"10.1017/S1539299600015562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600015562","url":null,"abstract":"The currently available empirical evidence on the star formation processes in the extreme, high-pressure environments induced by galaxy encounters, mostly based on high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope imaging observations, strongly suggests that star CLUSTER formation is an important and perhaps even the dominant mode of star formation in the starburst events associated with galaxy interactions. The production of\"super star clusters\"(SSCs; luminous, compact star clusters) seems to be a hallmark of intense star formation, particularly in interacting and starburst galaxies. Their sizes, luminosities, and mass estimates are entirely consistent with what is expected for young Milky Way-type globular clusters (GCs). SSCs are important because of what they can tell us about GC formation and evolution (e.g., initial characteristics and early survival rates). They are also of prime importance as probes of the formation and (chemical) evolution of their host galaxies, and of the initial mass function in the extreme environments required for cluster formation. Recent evidence lends support to the scenario that Milky Way-type GCs (although more metal rich), which were once thought to be the oldest building blocks of galaxies, are still forming today.","PeriodicalId":422890,"journal":{"name":"Highlights of Astronomy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131868850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-05-01DOI: 10.1017/S1539299600016488
A. Markwick, S. Charnley
{"title":"Disk Chemistry and Cometary Composition","authors":"A. Markwick, S. Charnley","doi":"10.1017/S1539299600016488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600016488","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422890,"journal":{"name":"Highlights of Astronomy","volume":"22 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123731006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-05-01DOI: 10.1017/S1539299600016464
S. Charnley, S. Rodgers
Recent results relevant for the survival and chemical alteration of interstellar material at the nebular accretion shock are summarised.
总结了近年来有关星云吸积激波下星际物质的生存和化学变化的研究结果。
{"title":"Chemistry of Collapse and Disk Accretion","authors":"S. Charnley, S. Rodgers","doi":"10.1017/S1539299600016464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600016464","url":null,"abstract":"Recent results relevant for the survival and chemical alteration of interstellar material at the nebular accretion shock are summarised.","PeriodicalId":422890,"journal":{"name":"Highlights of Astronomy","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121215572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-03-01DOI: 10.1017/S1539299600016592
V. Kulkarni
A unique tool to investigate distant young galaxies is to study the ab- sorption lines they produce in the spectra of background quasars. The damped Lyman- alpha (DLA) quasar absorption line systems allow us to empirically trace galaxy evo- lution. We discuss results of abundance surveys of DLAs and their implications for the evolution of the global metallicity in galaxies. We also describe deep imaging stud- ies with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and ground-based facilities, directed at investigating the luminosities and star formation rates of the absorbers. These obser- vations are helping to clarify the absorber-galaxy connection, and shedding light on the evolution of stars and metals in normal galaxies over the past 80% of th'e cosmic history.
{"title":"Evolution of Metals and Stars in Damped Lyman-Alpha Galaxies","authors":"V. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1017/S1539299600016592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1539299600016592","url":null,"abstract":"A unique tool to investigate distant young galaxies is to study the ab- sorption lines they produce in the spectra of background quasars. The damped Lyman- alpha (DLA) quasar absorption line systems allow us to empirically trace galaxy evo- lution. We discuss results of abundance surveys of DLAs and their implications for the evolution of the global metallicity in galaxies. We also describe deep imaging stud- ies with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and ground-based facilities, directed at investigating the luminosities and star formation rates of the absorbers. These obser- vations are helping to clarify the absorber-galaxy connection, and shedding light on the evolution of stars and metals in normal galaxies over the past 80% of th'e cosmic history.","PeriodicalId":422890,"journal":{"name":"Highlights of Astronomy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128952927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-4778-1_32
F. Stephenson
{"title":"Eclipse Records in Early Korean History: The Koryo-sa","authors":"F. Stephenson","doi":"10.1007/978-94-011-4778-1_32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4778-1_32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422890,"journal":{"name":"Highlights of Astronomy","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115666468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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