Abstract Using maps is inevitable in many human activities as well as in mountaineering. Until recently, most of the spatial and attribute data of the mountaineer’s interest could have been found only in analog form. With the development of information technology, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), easily accessible measuring sensors and digital cameras, it is easier to collect, store, visualize, share, and update spatial data. The web GIS with its associated applications assumes dominance in browsing and dissemination of spatial data, and is applied in areas where there is a need for processing, analysis and visualization of various data that contain a spatial component, including mountaineering. When planning hiking, mountaineers need both spatial and attribute information on mountaineering facilities, checkpoints, and hiking trails in the form of GNSS traces. Through the interactive web application interface, it is possible to connect all these data, enabling easy viewing, browsing and analysis, or performing various spatial queries, which greatly facilitates the planning of hiking excursions. This paper presents a review and comparison of four most visited Croatian mountaineering portals: HPS’s Interactive Mountaineering Map of Croatia, Mountaineering portal and Geodetic mountaineering portal developed at the Faculty of Geodesy of the University of Zagreb and planinarenje.hr portal developed by the group of mountain enthusiasts. Numerous data on Croatian mountains and peaks, mountain facilities, huts and hiking trails are now accessible through portals to anyone with Internet connection, either with the computers, tablets or smartphones. All users can browse, filter and download data from the portal, and there are additional options for authorized users such as commenting on portal content. Several thematic portals of neighboring countries were also analyzed (portal of the Slovenian Mountaineering Association, Slovak mountaineering portal and one Swiss mountaineering portal) and compared with Croatian portals. Finally, the importance of the web GIS portals for the development of mountaineering tourism was emphasized, as well as the ecological culture and the sustainability of the mountaineering environment (preservation of mountain trails and facilities, protection of endemic plants, karst and geological features, etc.). Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • The presented web GIS represent an effective and efficient tool for planning and conducting trips in mountain areas as it allows better organization and management of mountain content for the tourists and other hikers. • Registered users can participate in the portal update (e.g. peak or hill endonyms) and this can be used by State Geodetic Administration for their register of geographical names (http://rgi.dgu.hr/pretrazivanje) • The Web GIS can also be used as a support in the tourism development of local mountain areas with respect to the ecological
{"title":"Web GIS in mountaineering in Croatia","authors":"Z. Nevistić, D. Spoljaric","doi":"10.2478/geosc-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using maps is inevitable in many human activities as well as in mountaineering. Until recently, most of the spatial and attribute data of the mountaineer’s interest could have been found only in analog form. With the development of information technology, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), easily accessible measuring sensors and digital cameras, it is easier to collect, store, visualize, share, and update spatial data. The web GIS with its associated applications assumes dominance in browsing and dissemination of spatial data, and is applied in areas where there is a need for processing, analysis and visualization of various data that contain a spatial component, including mountaineering. When planning hiking, mountaineers need both spatial and attribute information on mountaineering facilities, checkpoints, and hiking trails in the form of GNSS traces. Through the interactive web application interface, it is possible to connect all these data, enabling easy viewing, browsing and analysis, or performing various spatial queries, which greatly facilitates the planning of hiking excursions. This paper presents a review and comparison of four most visited Croatian mountaineering portals: HPS’s Interactive Mountaineering Map of Croatia, Mountaineering portal and Geodetic mountaineering portal developed at the Faculty of Geodesy of the University of Zagreb and planinarenje.hr portal developed by the group of mountain enthusiasts. Numerous data on Croatian mountains and peaks, mountain facilities, huts and hiking trails are now accessible through portals to anyone with Internet connection, either with the computers, tablets or smartphones. All users can browse, filter and download data from the portal, and there are additional options for authorized users such as commenting on portal content. Several thematic portals of neighboring countries were also analyzed (portal of the Slovenian Mountaineering Association, Slovak mountaineering portal and one Swiss mountaineering portal) and compared with Croatian portals. Finally, the importance of the web GIS portals for the development of mountaineering tourism was emphasized, as well as the ecological culture and the sustainability of the mountaineering environment (preservation of mountain trails and facilities, protection of endemic plants, karst and geological features, etc.). Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • The presented web GIS represent an effective and efficient tool for planning and conducting trips in mountain areas as it allows better organization and management of mountain content for the tourists and other hikers. • Registered users can participate in the portal update (e.g. peak or hill endonyms) and this can be used by State Geodetic Administration for their register of geographical names (http://rgi.dgu.hr/pretrazivanje) • The Web GIS can also be used as a support in the tourism development of local mountain areas with respect to the ecological ","PeriodicalId":42291,"journal":{"name":"GeoScape","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49587884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. R. Camargo, Jane Wuth, M. Biberacher, W. Dorner
Abstract The energy transition towards high shares of renewables and the continued urbanization process have a direct and strong impact on the shape and characteristics of the electricity transmission and distribution systems. At the continental and national scale, improved high voltage grids should allow the transmission and balance of electricity from hot-spots of variable renewable energy generation installations to demand centres. At the regional and municipal scale, the medium and low voltage grids should be capable of bringing sufficient electricity to users and allow the integration of distributed renewable generation installations. While data on the transmission systems is widely available, spatial and attribute data of the medium and mainly the low voltage grids are scarce. Additionally, while there are plenty of studies on the requirements of the grid to allow the energy transition, there is very little information on the necessary transformation of the grid due to changes generated by the expected urbanization process. This study relies on a data set that estimates the topology of the medium and low voltage grids of Bavaria (Germany) as well as data from the LUISA territorial modelling platform of the European Commission to calculate key figures of grid requirements depending on population and land use for the current case and the decades to come. Typologies of grid requirements are proposed based on a statistical analysis of population and land use data of each square kilometre of the federal state. These typologies are extrapolated to changes in the structure of settlements that are expected in the years 2030 and 2050. Results are presented using maps with expected absolute values of grid requirements and their temporal changes for each square kilometre of the project area. Grid requirements are expected to increase in cities and to be reduced in most of the rural areas. The largest changes are expected to take place in the suburbs of the major cities. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Medium and low voltage grid shapes and lengths are estimated for the entire federal state of Bavaria, Germany. • On average, distribution grid length requirements per person are between 13 and 16 times larger in rural regions than in city centres. • While city centres and suburbs expect an increase in grid requirements, the total grid length of Bavaria is expected to decrease in the near future. • Suburbs of large cities are not only expected to change steadily but also to show the largest changes in grid length requirements until 2050.
{"title":"A spatially explicit assessment of middle and low voltage grid requirements in Bavaria until 2050","authors":"L. R. Camargo, Jane Wuth, M. Biberacher, W. Dorner","doi":"10.2478/geosc-2019-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The energy transition towards high shares of renewables and the continued urbanization process have a direct and strong impact on the shape and characteristics of the electricity transmission and distribution systems. At the continental and national scale, improved high voltage grids should allow the transmission and balance of electricity from hot-spots of variable renewable energy generation installations to demand centres. At the regional and municipal scale, the medium and low voltage grids should be capable of bringing sufficient electricity to users and allow the integration of distributed renewable generation installations. While data on the transmission systems is widely available, spatial and attribute data of the medium and mainly the low voltage grids are scarce. Additionally, while there are plenty of studies on the requirements of the grid to allow the energy transition, there is very little information on the necessary transformation of the grid due to changes generated by the expected urbanization process. This study relies on a data set that estimates the topology of the medium and low voltage grids of Bavaria (Germany) as well as data from the LUISA territorial modelling platform of the European Commission to calculate key figures of grid requirements depending on population and land use for the current case and the decades to come. Typologies of grid requirements are proposed based on a statistical analysis of population and land use data of each square kilometre of the federal state. These typologies are extrapolated to changes in the structure of settlements that are expected in the years 2030 and 2050. Results are presented using maps with expected absolute values of grid requirements and their temporal changes for each square kilometre of the project area. Grid requirements are expected to increase in cities and to be reduced in most of the rural areas. The largest changes are expected to take place in the suburbs of the major cities. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Medium and low voltage grid shapes and lengths are estimated for the entire federal state of Bavaria, Germany. • On average, distribution grid length requirements per person are between 13 and 16 times larger in rural regions than in city centres. • While city centres and suburbs expect an increase in grid requirements, the total grid length of Bavaria is expected to decrease in the near future. • Suburbs of large cities are not only expected to change steadily but also to show the largest changes in grid length requirements until 2050.","PeriodicalId":42291,"journal":{"name":"GeoScape","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42580943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Smart defence in NATO may in its very nature represent not only automated remote solutions for battle activities, but harmonized and efficient system of geospatial support of deployed units as well. The objective of this study is to uncover the essence of allied geospatial support mechanism, determine critical spots and propose appropriate system enhancements. Wealth of experience of members of the Armed forces of the Czech Republic was utilized to summarize the state of geospatial support in NATO. It is preferentially experience from foreign operations ISAF and KFOR, cooperation with NATO Headquarters SHAPE and from participation in Multinational Geospatial Support Group. Presented proposals for improvements of geospatial support might have significant impact on intelligence service and military units themselves. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Multinational Geospatial Support Group will become a single complex executive component of NATO geospatial support for foreign operations. • Financial and capacity means for geospatial support must be centralized directly within NATO structure to reach maximum efficiency. • Production of standardized-only scale set maps covering territory of NATO and areas of interest is to be obligatorily for all member nations. • Access to the web service CoreGIS should be granted for all NATO nations at a national level.
{"title":"Smart defence: Joint geospatial support in NATO","authors":"J. Rada","doi":"10.2478/geosc-2019-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Smart defence in NATO may in its very nature represent not only automated remote solutions for battle activities, but harmonized and efficient system of geospatial support of deployed units as well. The objective of this study is to uncover the essence of allied geospatial support mechanism, determine critical spots and propose appropriate system enhancements. Wealth of experience of members of the Armed forces of the Czech Republic was utilized to summarize the state of geospatial support in NATO. It is preferentially experience from foreign operations ISAF and KFOR, cooperation with NATO Headquarters SHAPE and from participation in Multinational Geospatial Support Group. Presented proposals for improvements of geospatial support might have significant impact on intelligence service and military units themselves. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Multinational Geospatial Support Group will become a single complex executive component of NATO geospatial support for foreign operations. • Financial and capacity means for geospatial support must be centralized directly within NATO structure to reach maximum efficiency. • Production of standardized-only scale set maps covering territory of NATO and areas of interest is to be obligatorily for all member nations. • Access to the web service CoreGIS should be granted for all NATO nations at a national level.","PeriodicalId":42291,"journal":{"name":"GeoScape","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46042888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract One of the fundamental issues of hydrology is determination of total runoff volume from rainfall. The mutual relationship of these quantities can be experimentally determined by measuring rainfall and runoff. Rainfall-runoff models describe natural relations on the basis of variables determining physio-geographical conditions of a territorial unit as well as hydraulic properties of the respective river network. In the proposed paper, we focused on parameter recalculation of a rainfall-runoff model with focusing on runoff curve numbers (CN). The objective of this study was to update the data (CN) in the old modelling structures within the FLOREON+ (FLOods REcognition on the Net – Study Area) system and replace them with the new ones. The parameters of runoff CN were estimated according to available GIS layers primarily related to the existing soil conditions and land use. In the first phase, the calculation procedure was prepared for the smaller Porubka and Lubina basins, and then it was applied to the whole basin area. The results showed that the new runoff CN recalculation procedure resulted in reduction of the simulated runoff (peak discharge, volume) in the Odra River sub-basins, which also led to approximation to the real measured runoff in the Ostrava-Svinov profile. The derived method is applicable to other basins as well. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Runoff volumes resulting from rainfall significantly contribute to risk processes, such as soil erosion and floods. • The partially automated procedure for rainfall-runoff estimation is preseted, based on data for soil conditions and land cover. • Derivation is based on the original principles determined by the US Soil Conservation Service and can be applied to any river basin in the area of the Czech Republic. • In the future, the proposed methodology will be adapted to run within the ArcMap application.
摘要水文的基本问题之一是确定降雨的总径流量。这些数量之间的相互关系可以通过测量降雨量和径流来实验确定。降雨-径流模型描述了基于变量的自然关系，这些变量决定了领土单元的物理地理条件以及各自河网的水力特性。在本文中，我们专注于降雨-径流模型的参数重新计算，重点是径流曲线数（CN）。本研究的目的是更新FLOREON+（FLOods REcognition on The Net–study Area）系统中旧建模结构中的数据（CN），并用新的数据替换它们。径流CN的参数是根据主要与现有土壤条件和土地利用有关的可用GIS层估计的。在第一阶段，为较小的Porubka和Lubina盆地编制了计算程序，然后将其应用于整个盆地区域。结果表明，新的径流CN重新计算程序导致奥德拉河子流域的模拟径流（峰值流量、流量）减少，这也导致Ostrava Svinov剖面中的实际测量径流接近。导出的方法也适用于其他盆地。公共行政、管理和规划的要点：•降雨产生的径流量对土壤侵蚀和洪水等风险过程有很大影响。•降雨径流估算的部分自动化程序是根据土壤条件和土地覆盖数据预先设定的。•推导基于美国土壤保护局确定的原始原则，可应用于捷克共和国地区的任何河流流域。•未来，拟议的方法将进行调整，以便在ArcMap应用程序中运行。
{"title":"Parameter recalculation for a rainfall-runoff model with a focus on runoff curve numbers","authors":"Tomáš Řehánek, M. Podhorányi, J. Krenek","doi":"10.2478/geosc-2019-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the fundamental issues of hydrology is determination of total runoff volume from rainfall. The mutual relationship of these quantities can be experimentally determined by measuring rainfall and runoff. Rainfall-runoff models describe natural relations on the basis of variables determining physio-geographical conditions of a territorial unit as well as hydraulic properties of the respective river network. In the proposed paper, we focused on parameter recalculation of a rainfall-runoff model with focusing on runoff curve numbers (CN). The objective of this study was to update the data (CN) in the old modelling structures within the FLOREON+ (FLOods REcognition on the Net – Study Area) system and replace them with the new ones. The parameters of runoff CN were estimated according to available GIS layers primarily related to the existing soil conditions and land use. In the first phase, the calculation procedure was prepared for the smaller Porubka and Lubina basins, and then it was applied to the whole basin area. The results showed that the new runoff CN recalculation procedure resulted in reduction of the simulated runoff (peak discharge, volume) in the Odra River sub-basins, which also led to approximation to the real measured runoff in the Ostrava-Svinov profile. The derived method is applicable to other basins as well. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Runoff volumes resulting from rainfall significantly contribute to risk processes, such as soil erosion and floods. • The partially automated procedure for rainfall-runoff estimation is preseted, based on data for soil conditions and land cover. • Derivation is based on the original principles determined by the US Soil Conservation Service and can be applied to any river basin in the area of the Czech Republic. • In the future, the proposed methodology will be adapted to run within the ArcMap application.","PeriodicalId":42291,"journal":{"name":"GeoScape","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48957456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The purpose of this article was to present the methodology which enables automatic map labelling. This topic is particularly important in the context of the ongoing research into the full automation of visualization process of spatial data stored in the currently used topographic databases (e.g. OpenStreetMap, Vector Map Level 2, etc.). To carry out this task, the artificial neural network (multilayer perceptron) was used. The Vector Map Level 2 was used as a test database. The data for neural network learning (the reference label localization) was obtained from the military topographic map at scale 1 : 50 000. In the article, the method of applying artificial neural networks to the map labelling is presented. Detailed research was carried out on the basis of labels from the feature class “built-up area”. The results of the analyses revealed that it is possible to use the artificial intelligence computational methods to automate the process of placing labels on maps. The results showed that 65% of the labels were put on the topographic map in the same place as in the case of the labelling which was done manually by a cartographer. The obtained results can contribute both to the enhancement of the quality of cartographic visualization (e.g. in geoportals) and the partial elimination of the human factor in this process. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Map label placement is among key variables ensuring the usability of topographic maps across disciplines. • We present the neural network approach for automating the process of labelling topographic maps with locality names. • The presented case study applies to the military map in scale 1:50 000, but can be applied on other maps and geoportals.
{"title":"Using artificial neural network for labelling polygon features in topographic maps","authors":"K. Pokonieczny, Sylwia Borkowska","doi":"10.2478/geosc-2019-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this article was to present the methodology which enables automatic map labelling. This topic is particularly important in the context of the ongoing research into the full automation of visualization process of spatial data stored in the currently used topographic databases (e.g. OpenStreetMap, Vector Map Level 2, etc.). To carry out this task, the artificial neural network (multilayer perceptron) was used. The Vector Map Level 2 was used as a test database. The data for neural network learning (the reference label localization) was obtained from the military topographic map at scale 1 : 50 000. In the article, the method of applying artificial neural networks to the map labelling is presented. Detailed research was carried out on the basis of labels from the feature class “built-up area”. The results of the analyses revealed that it is possible to use the artificial intelligence computational methods to automate the process of placing labels on maps. The results showed that 65% of the labels were put on the topographic map in the same place as in the case of the labelling which was done manually by a cartographer. The obtained results can contribute both to the enhancement of the quality of cartographic visualization (e.g. in geoportals) and the partial elimination of the human factor in this process. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Map label placement is among key variables ensuring the usability of topographic maps across disciplines. • We present the neural network approach for automating the process of labelling topographic maps with locality names. • The presented case study applies to the military map in scale 1:50 000, but can be applied on other maps and geoportals.","PeriodicalId":42291,"journal":{"name":"GeoScape","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48142894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smart technologies change the world around us. The vision of smart cities and smart regions are incorporated into various projects and initiatives. Geoinformation technologies (GIT) play an important role in the design and development of such cities and regions especially in management of cities and regions, their construction, and transport or environment protection. We can meet smart buildings and technological complexes, smart solutions for technical infrastructures, transportation management, sensor networks for various needs from environmental monitoring to household controls and health applications, design and utilization of digital models of cities and regions for e.g. simulations of urban studies or new projects in emergency planning. The connection between smart cities and geoinformation technologies does not represent one-way flow where GIT supports smart applications. Improved utilization of information and communication technologies brings new data, new services or substantial increasing of their level. Big Data, Sensor networks, Building Information Modelling (BIM), or new economic models of services represent new challenges for the GIT development. This special issue contains several selected papers presented on the symposium “GIS Ostrava 2019 – Smart City, Smart region” which was held on March 20–22, 2019 in Ostrava, Czechia. Editors have no ambition to create a comprehensive view of all possibilities to use GIS for Smart cities and Smart regions but to exemplify some typical approaches (e.g. hydrological modelling for emergency management), new perspectives (e.g. coexistence of renewable power sources and classic power grids in a context of urbanization and deurbanization regional trends), and specific selected topics creating vibrant and colourful view to a common goal of building smart society. The presented papers show a smart territorial management in a broader perspective giving a spectrum of various initiatives and applications where GIT can be found. Papers’ topics range from typical regional building applications to specific technical issues (e.g., automatic labelling on maps); from the role of international collaboration for development of joint products and services to a standardization applied in smart city development (e.g., 3D cadastre, BIM); from key components of the smart region building (e.g., electricity supply) to leisure activities (e.g., mountaineering); and from strictly organised military services to voluntaries and crowdsourcing. The first paper (Camargo et al. 2019) introduces the development of the region from the infrastructure requirements, renewable sources of energy and a projection of land use changes. Depopulation trends in rural part will have a negative impact on power grid density, to maintenance costs and to a growing role of self-sufficiency in such places. The new methodology enables detection of hot-spots of large changes in energy supply strategy. International coordination in GIS and GIT is
{"title":"Applied GIS in the context of smart regions and cities","authors":"J. Horák, I. Ivan","doi":"10.2478/geosc-2019-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Smart technologies change the world around us. The vision of smart cities and smart regions are incorporated into various projects and initiatives. Geoinformation technologies (GIT) play an important role in the design and development of such cities and regions especially in management of cities and regions, their construction, and transport or environment protection. We can meet smart buildings and technological complexes, smart solutions for technical infrastructures, transportation management, sensor networks for various needs from environmental monitoring to household controls and health applications, design and utilization of digital models of cities and regions for e.g. simulations of urban studies or new projects in emergency planning. The connection between smart cities and geoinformation technologies does not represent one-way flow where GIT supports smart applications. Improved utilization of information and communication technologies brings new data, new services or substantial increasing of their level. Big Data, Sensor networks, Building Information Modelling (BIM), or new economic models of services represent new challenges for the GIT development. This special issue contains several selected papers presented on the symposium “GIS Ostrava 2019 – Smart City, Smart region” which was held on March 20–22, 2019 in Ostrava, Czechia. Editors have no ambition to create a comprehensive view of all possibilities to use GIS for Smart cities and Smart regions but to exemplify some typical approaches (e.g. hydrological modelling for emergency management), new perspectives (e.g. coexistence of renewable power sources and classic power grids in a context of urbanization and deurbanization regional trends), and specific selected topics creating vibrant and colourful view to a common goal of building smart society. The presented papers show a smart territorial management in a broader perspective giving a spectrum of various initiatives and applications where GIT can be found. Papers’ topics range from typical regional building applications to specific technical issues (e.g., automatic labelling on maps); from the role of international collaboration for development of joint products and services to a standardization applied in smart city development (e.g., 3D cadastre, BIM); from key components of the smart region building (e.g., electricity supply) to leisure activities (e.g., mountaineering); and from strictly organised military services to voluntaries and crowdsourcing. The first paper (Camargo et al. 2019) introduces the development of the region from the infrastructure requirements, renewable sources of energy and a projection of land use changes. Depopulation trends in rural part will have a negative impact on power grid density, to maintenance costs and to a growing role of self-sufficiency in such places. The new methodology enables detection of hot-spots of large changes in energy supply strategy. International coordination in GIS and GIT is","PeriodicalId":42291,"journal":{"name":"GeoScape","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44004848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Ivan, J. Horák, L. Zajíčková, J. Burian, D. Fojtik
Abstract One of the ways of improving the attractiveness of public transport is to bring it closer to its potential users. A long walking distance from a stop is often one of the critical factors limiting its more frequent and extensive use. Studies dealing with the accessibility of transport networks usually work only with the closest stop. This article analyses the actual walking distance from the place of residence to the preferred stop. The survey used a questionnaire method and was conducted in two cities in the Czech Republic—Ostrava and Olomouc. Based on the results of the study, the average walking distance was assessed and the impact of demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, number of members in the household, economic activity, the presence of a child in the household, and car ownership), transport behavior (preferred mode of transportation, car convenience and opinions on public transport), and urban characteristics (prevailing housing type) on the walking distance were analyzed. The main findings prove a significant impact on walking distance by a number of these factors, but the preferred use of a car for commuting or unemployment does not significantly affect walking distance.
{"title":"Factors Influencing Walking Distance to the Preferred Public Transport Stop in selected urban centres of Czechia","authors":"I. Ivan, J. Horák, L. Zajíčková, J. Burian, D. Fojtik","doi":"10.2478/geosc-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the ways of improving the attractiveness of public transport is to bring it closer to its potential users. A long walking distance from a stop is often one of the critical factors limiting its more frequent and extensive use. Studies dealing with the accessibility of transport networks usually work only with the closest stop. This article analyses the actual walking distance from the place of residence to the preferred stop. The survey used a questionnaire method and was conducted in two cities in the Czech Republic—Ostrava and Olomouc. Based on the results of the study, the average walking distance was assessed and the impact of demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, number of members in the household, economic activity, the presence of a child in the household, and car ownership), transport behavior (preferred mode of transportation, car convenience and opinions on public transport), and urban characteristics (prevailing housing type) on the walking distance were analyzed. The main findings prove a significant impact on walking distance by a number of these factors, but the preferred use of a car for commuting or unemployment does not significantly affect walking distance.","PeriodicalId":42291,"journal":{"name":"GeoScape","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45422775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The circumstances of the relations of jobs-housing balance and urban travel behavior are not clear in emerging and developing countries. There are limited reliable data suitable for testing the hypotheses regarding the associations of the neighborhood-level number of employment opportunities in these countries. This manuscript summarizes the results of an explorative survey undertaken in Lahore, Pakistan to support empirical analyses testing these hypotheses. The survey was undertaken in spring 2018 in six neighborhoods of Lahore and collected the data of 417 respondents. The short questionnaire applied in the survey facilitated generation of 15 individual and household, socioeconomic, and mobility-related variables of different types. Moreover, 9 land use variables as well as jobs-housing ratios were estimated for each respondent within his/her 600-meter street-network pedestrian shed. The produced dataset reveals preliminary descriptive statistics about the relations of employment and travel behavior, particularly commuting, in a less-studied context of Pakistan. It is found that a decent job-housing balance at neighborhood scale alone cannot affect the travel pattern much in the Pakistani context. It needs to be supplemented with other planning interventions, mainly the accessibility to an integrated and efficient mass public transportation system, discouraging private car based policies and promotion of sustainable non-motorized travel modes. In the future, production of disaggregate mobility and land use data will add value to urban transportation research in the Global South.
{"title":"Urban travel characteristics in relation with jobs-housing balance and accessibility: results of a survey in Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"S. Aslam, H. Masoumi, S. Hussain","doi":"10.2478/geosc-2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The circumstances of the relations of jobs-housing balance and urban travel behavior are not clear in emerging and developing countries. There are limited reliable data suitable for testing the hypotheses regarding the associations of the neighborhood-level number of employment opportunities in these countries. This manuscript summarizes the results of an explorative survey undertaken in Lahore, Pakistan to support empirical analyses testing these hypotheses. The survey was undertaken in spring 2018 in six neighborhoods of Lahore and collected the data of 417 respondents. The short questionnaire applied in the survey facilitated generation of 15 individual and household, socioeconomic, and mobility-related variables of different types. Moreover, 9 land use variables as well as jobs-housing ratios were estimated for each respondent within his/her 600-meter street-network pedestrian shed. The produced dataset reveals preliminary descriptive statistics about the relations of employment and travel behavior, particularly commuting, in a less-studied context of Pakistan. It is found that a decent job-housing balance at neighborhood scale alone cannot affect the travel pattern much in the Pakistani context. It needs to be supplemented with other planning interventions, mainly the accessibility to an integrated and efficient mass public transportation system, discouraging private car based policies and promotion of sustainable non-motorized travel modes. In the future, production of disaggregate mobility and land use data will add value to urban transportation research in the Global South.","PeriodicalId":42291,"journal":{"name":"GeoScape","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42169920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The arrival of amenity migrants has significant impacts for many rural areas in economic, environmental and social terms. While the causes of relocation from cities to remote rural localities can be generally understood as attempts to change the way of life, the consequences of this phenomenon are relatively diverse. Perception of rural space from the migrant´s point of view stems partly from the so-called rural idyll, which shapes the image of the countryside across society, especially through media, tourism and recreation. This study aims to discover links between rural idyll and motivational factors of the Czech amenity migrants. Semi-structured interviews with the Czech amenity migrants have been used in order to uncover the social dimension of the phenomenon of rural idyll. Emphasis has been put both on the genesis of their relationship to the rural environment, but also on the consistency and differences between expectations and the reality of rural life. I identify the key role of tourism and recreation in shaping the initial perception of rural space, whereas the role of media is rather implicit. In the perception of amenity migrants, the initial image of rural space differed only slightly when the physical environment of rural space is considered but a mismatch is found between initial ideas about rural communities and their real experience after moving there.
{"title":"The lawn grew too quickly! Perception of rural idyll by Czech amenity migrants","authors":"J. Píša","doi":"10.2478/geosc-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The arrival of amenity migrants has significant impacts for many rural areas in economic, environmental and social terms. While the causes of relocation from cities to remote rural localities can be generally understood as attempts to change the way of life, the consequences of this phenomenon are relatively diverse. Perception of rural space from the migrant´s point of view stems partly from the so-called rural idyll, which shapes the image of the countryside across society, especially through media, tourism and recreation. This study aims to discover links between rural idyll and motivational factors of the Czech amenity migrants. Semi-structured interviews with the Czech amenity migrants have been used in order to uncover the social dimension of the phenomenon of rural idyll. Emphasis has been put both on the genesis of their relationship to the rural environment, but also on the consistency and differences between expectations and the reality of rural life. I identify the key role of tourism and recreation in shaping the initial perception of rural space, whereas the role of media is rather implicit. In the perception of amenity migrants, the initial image of rural space differed only slightly when the physical environment of rural space is considered but a mismatch is found between initial ideas about rural communities and their real experience after moving there.","PeriodicalId":42291,"journal":{"name":"GeoScape","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44060991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the last few years there has been a fundamental change in the approach to the issue of creativity in economics, and it is increasingly referred that the era of the economics of creativity has started. Currently, it is claimed that no matter how much knowledge one possesses, it is important how it is creatively processed and how it will be used. Both theoreticians and practitioners agree on its role as a source of competitive advantage in the micro and macroeconomic sphere. The aim of the article is to consider cognitive, theoretical and methodological as well as empirical issues (questionnaire research) on the development of creative life orientations of the creative class in creative cities. The research results allow us to present a recommendation for managers managing creative cities. They are for example: tolerance for new and unknown things; cooperation that are made by outstanding individuals and social support, acceptance of creativity and creators.
{"title":"Empirical verification of the relationship between creative life orientations of the creative class and the creative city","authors":"A. Sokół","doi":"10.2478/geosc-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the last few years there has been a fundamental change in the approach to the issue of creativity in economics, and it is increasingly referred that the era of the economics of creativity has started. Currently, it is claimed that no matter how much knowledge one possesses, it is important how it is creatively processed and how it will be used. Both theoreticians and practitioners agree on its role as a source of competitive advantage in the micro and macroeconomic sphere. The aim of the article is to consider cognitive, theoretical and methodological as well as empirical issues (questionnaire research) on the development of creative life orientations of the creative class in creative cities. The research results allow us to present a recommendation for managers managing creative cities. They are for example: tolerance for new and unknown things; cooperation that are made by outstanding individuals and social support, acceptance of creativity and creators.","PeriodicalId":42291,"journal":{"name":"GeoScape","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45047324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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