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Model-Predictive Control of a flexible spine robot 柔性脊柱机器人的模型预测控制
Pub Date : 2017-05-24 DOI: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7963738
Andrew P. Sabelhaus, Abishek K. Akella, Z. A. Ahmad, Vytas SunSpiral
The Underactuated Lightweight Tensegrity Robotic Assistive Spine (ULTRA Spine) project is an ongoing effort to develop a flexible, actuated backbone for quadruped robots. In this work, model-predictive control is used to track a trajectory in the robot's state space, in simulation. This is the first work that tracks an arbitrary trajectory, in closed-loop, in the state space of a spine-like tensegrity robot. The state trajectory used here corresponds to a bending motion of the spine, with translations and rotations of the three moving vertebrae. The controller uses a linearized model of the system dynamics, computed at each timestep, and has both constraints and weighted penalties to reduce linearization errors. For this robot, which measures 26cm × 26cm × 45cm, the tracking errors converge to less than 0.5cm even with disturbances, indicating that the controller is stable and could be used on a physical robot in future work.
欠驱动轻型张拉整体机器人辅助脊柱(ULTRA Spine)项目是一项正在进行的努力,旨在为四足机器人开发一种灵活的、驱动的脊柱。在这项工作中,模型预测控制在仿真中用于跟踪机器人状态空间中的轨迹。这是第一个跟踪任意轨迹的工作,在闭环中,在一个类似脊柱的张拉整体机器人的状态空间中。这里使用的状态轨迹对应于脊柱的弯曲运动,伴随着三个移动椎骨的平移和旋转。控制器使用系统动力学的线性化模型,在每个时间步长计算,并具有约束和加权惩罚以减少线性化误差。该机器人的尺寸为26cm × 26cm × 45cm,即使存在干扰,其跟踪误差也收敛到0.5cm以内,表明该控制器稳定,可以在以后的工作中用于实体机器人。
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引用次数: 22
Active noise control and secondary path modeling algorithms for earphones 耳机的主动噪声控制和二次路径建模算法
Pub Date : 2017-05-24 DOI: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7962961
Yi-Rou Chen, Cheng-Yuan Chang, S. Kuo
This paper presents the development of active noise control (ANC) for earphones, which uses natural sound for estimating the secondary path model instead of extra random noise. Real-time experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed ANC earphones using the microphone inside KEMAR's ear. Experimental results show the developed light-weight ANC earphones achieve higher noise reduction in wider frequency range than the commercial ANC headphones and earphone, and natural sound can be used to replace annoying white noise as an excitation signal for adaptive identification of secondary path required by ANC system.
本文介绍了耳机主动噪声控制(ANC)的研究进展,该方法利用自然声来估计次要路径模型,而不是额外的随机噪声。利用KEMAR耳内麦克风对所研制的ANC耳机进行了实时实验,以评估其性能。实验结果表明,所研制的轻量化ANC耳机在更宽的频率范围内实现了比商用ANC耳机和耳机更高的降噪效果,并且可以用自然声音代替恼人的白噪声作为激励信号,实现ANC系统所需的二次路径自适应识别。
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引用次数: 4
Life prediction of large lithium-ion battery packs with active and passive balancing 具有主动和被动平衡的大型锂离子电池组寿命预测
Pub Date : 2017-05-24 DOI: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7963682
Ying Shi, K. Smith, R. Zane, Dyche Anderson
Lithium-ion battery packs take a major part of large-scale stationary energy storage systems. One challenge in reducing battery pack cost is to reduce pack size without compromising pack service performance and lifespan. Prognostic life model can be a powerful tool to handle the state of health (SOH) estimate and enable active life balancing strategy to reduce cell imbalance and extend pack life. This work proposed a life model using both empirical and physical-based approaches. The life model described the compounding effect of different degradations on the entire cell with an empirical model. Then its lower-level submodels considered the complex physical links between testing statistics (state of charge level, C-rate level, duty cycles, etc.) and the degradation reaction rates with respect to specific aging mechanisms. The hybrid approach made the life model generic, robust and stable regardless of battery chemistry and application usage. The model was validated with a custom pack with both passive and active balancing systems implemented, which created four different aging paths in the pack. The life model successfully captured the aging trajectories of all four paths. The life model prediction errors on capacity fade and resistance growth were within ±3% and ±5% of the experiment measurements.
锂离子电池组是大型固定式储能系统的主要组成部分。降低电池组成本的一个挑战是在不影响电池组使用性能和寿命的情况下减小电池组尺寸。预后生命模型是处理健康状态(SOH)估计和实施积极的生命平衡策略以减少细胞不平衡和延长包寿命的有力工具。这项工作提出了一个使用经验和物理为基础的方法的生命模型。生命模型用经验模型描述了不同降解对整个细胞的复合效应。然后,其低层子模型考虑了测试统计量(电荷水平状态、c -率水平、占空比等)与降解反应速率之间的复杂物理联系,并考虑了具体的老化机制。混合方法使生命模型通用,稳健和稳定,无论电池化学和应用用途。该模型通过一个定制包进行了验证,该包采用了被动和主动平衡系统,在包中创建了四条不同的老化路径。这个生命模型成功地捕捉到了这四条路径的衰老轨迹。寿命模型对容量衰减和电阻增长的预测误差分别在实验测量值的±3%和±5%以内。
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引用次数: 11
Data Predictive Control for building energy management 建筑能源管理的数据预测控制
Pub Date : 2017-05-24 DOI: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7962928
Achin Jain, Madhur Behl, R. Mangharam
Decisions on how to best optimize energy systems operations are becoming ever so complex and conflicting, that model-based predictive control (MPC) algorithms must play an important role. However, a key factor prohibiting the widespread adoption of MPC in buildings, is the cost, time, and effort associated with learning first-principles based dynamical models of the underlying physical system. This paper introduces an alternative approach for implementing finite-time receding horizon control using control-oriented data-driven models. We call this approach Data Predictive Control (DPC). Specifically, by utilizing separation of variables, two novel algorithms for implementing DPC using a single regression tree and with regression trees ensembles (random forest) are presented. The data predictive controller enables the building operator to trade off energy consumption against thermal comfort without having to learn white/grey box models of the systems dynamics. We present a comprehensive numerical study which compares the performance of DPC with an MPC based energy management strategy, using a single zone building model. Our results demonstrate that performance of DPC is comparable to an MPC controller, with only 3.8% additional cost in terms of optimal objective function and within 95% in terms of R2 score, thereby making it an alluring alternative to MPC, whenever the associated cost of learning the model is high.
如何优化能源系统运行的决策变得越来越复杂和矛盾,基于模型的预测控制(MPC)算法必须发挥重要作用。然而,阻碍MPC在建筑中广泛采用的一个关键因素是与学习基于底层物理系统动力学模型的第一性原理相关的成本、时间和精力。本文介绍了一种利用面向控制的数据驱动模型实现有限时间后退水平控制的替代方法。我们称这种方法为数据预测控制(DPC)。具体而言,利用变量分离,提出了单回归树和回归树集成(随机森林)两种实现DPC的新算法。数据预测控制器使建筑操作员能够在能耗和热舒适之间进行权衡,而无需学习系统动力学的白盒/灰盒模型。我们提出了一项全面的数值研究,比较了DPC与基于MPC的能源管理策略的性能,使用单一区域建筑模型。我们的研究结果表明,DPC的性能与MPC控制器相当,在最优目标函数方面只有3.8%的额外成本,在R2分数方面在95%以内,因此,无论学习模型的相关成本高,DPC都是MPC的诱人替代品。
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引用次数: 37
Blind subspace system identification with Riemannian optimization 黎曼优化盲子空间系统辨识
Pub Date : 2017-05-24 DOI: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7963161
Cassiano O. Becker, V. Preciado
Subspace identification methods provide a reliable set of methods to recover system parameters of linear dynamical systems based on the observation of their inputs and outputs. However, in the common case where one does not have access to the inputs, the identification problem becomes harder, and is referred to as blind system identification. On the other hand, if the inputs can be assumed to lie on a known subspace, identification techniques based on low-rank matrix recovery can be applied. In this case, blind subspace system identification has been formulated as the problem of simultaneously recovering structured low-rank matrices associated with both the system and inputs. Notwithstanding, the convex relaxation approach to this problem, where the objective function is defined as a sum of the nuclear norms of two matrices, has been shown to be significantly sub-optimal as it typically favors one of the objective terms. In this work, we propose a method for the joint identification of system and inputs using optimization over Riemann manifolds. Riemannian optimization defines operators that allow low-rank matrix constraints to be incorporated in the search space, producing feasible solutions by construction. Our approach takes advantage of this capability and formulates blind subsystem identification as a low-rank matrix approximation problem over the product manifold of fixed-rank matrices.
子空间辨识方法基于对线性动力系统输入输出的观测,为恢复系统参数提供了一套可靠的方法。然而,在无法访问输入的常见情况下,识别问题变得更加困难,并且被称为盲系统识别。另一方面,如果可以假设输入位于已知的子空间上,则可以应用基于低秩矩阵恢复的识别技术。在这种情况下,盲子空间系统识别被表述为同时恢复与系统和输入相关的结构化低秩矩阵的问题。尽管如此,这个问题的凸松弛方法,其中目标函数被定义为两个矩阵的核规范的和,已经被证明是显著次优的,因为它通常倾向于一个目标项。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种利用黎曼流形上的优化来联合识别系统和输入的方法。黎曼优化定义了允许将低秩矩阵约束纳入搜索空间的算子,通过构造产生可行的解。我们的方法利用了这种能力,并将盲子系统识别表述为固定秩矩阵积流形上的低秩矩阵逼近问题。
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引用次数: 0
Static optimal decoupling control for linear over-actuated systems regarding time-varying references 考虑时变参考的线性过度驱动系统静态最优解耦控制
Pub Date : 2017-05-24 DOI: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7963091
Sebastian Bernhard, J. Adamy
We address static decoupling control for linear over-actuated systems and time-varying references given by exogenous systems with arbitrary eigenvalues. Based on mild assumptions, additional degrees of freedom in form of an input are provided. Then an optimal tracking problem for quadratic integral cost is formulated. Despite the time dependency of the cost and dynamics, we derive a static feedback and pre-filter satisfying necessary optimality conditions for infinite final time. These can be calculated by the solution of an algebraic Riccati equation and a Sylvester equation, respectively. In spite of its simplicity in derivation as well as implementation - offering great convenience for practical use - we prove optimal transient behavior to a unique optimal stationary trajectory of the system states. Or, more precisely, of the internal dynamics which are proven to exist. Moreover, the static control law is verified to be a close approximation of the computationally expensive finite time optimal solution if simple qualitative criteria are met. An application to a helicopter model reveals the high efficiency of our approach compared to others.
我们解决了线性过度驱动系统的静态解耦控制和由具有任意特征值的外生系统给出的时变参考。基于温和的假设,以输入的形式提供了额外的自由度。在此基础上,提出了二次积分代价的最优跟踪问题。尽管成本和动态具有时间依赖性,但我们得到了一个静态反馈和预滤波器,满足无限最终时间的必要最优性条件。它们可以分别由代数Riccati方程和Sylvester方程的解来计算。尽管它的推导和实现都很简单-为实际应用提供了极大的方便-我们证明了系统状态的唯一最优平稳轨迹的最优暂态行为。或者,更准确地说,是被证明存在的内部动力学。此外,如果满足简单的定性准则,则验证了静态控制律是计算代价昂贵的有限时间最优解的近似。对直升机模型的应用表明,与其他方法相比,我们的方法效率很高。
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引用次数: 4
Predefined-time stabilization of high order systems 高阶系统的预定义时间镇定
Pub Date : 2017-05-24 DOI: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7963865
Esteban Jiménez‐Rodríguez, J. Sánchez‐Torres, D. Gómez‐Gutiérrez, A. Loukianov
The aim of this paper is to introduce a controller that stabilizes a class of arbitrary order systems in predefined-time. The proposed controller is designed with basis on the block-control principle yielding in a nested structure similar to high order sliding mode algorithms and terminal sliding mode algorithms. For this case, it is assumed the availability of the state and the absence of perturbations. Numerical simulations expose the desired performance of this controller.
本文的目的是引入一种在预定义时间内稳定一类任意阶系统的控制器。该控制器是基于块控制原理设计的,产生类似于高阶滑模算法和终端滑模算法的嵌套结构。对于这种情况,假定状态的可用性和不存在扰动。数值模拟揭示了该控制器的预期性能。
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引用次数: 13
Super twisting control of linear induction motor considering end effects with unknown load torque 考虑未知负载转矩端部效应的直线感应电机超扭控制
Pub Date : 2017-05-24 DOI: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7963069
Lei Zhang, S. Laghrouche, M. Harmouche, M. Cirrincione
This paper proposes a super twisting sliding mode control technique for linear induction motors (LIMs) with unknown load torque, taking into consideration the dynamic end effects. First, LIM's dynamic end effects are presented by Ducan's T-model, then following this model is controlled by a designed super twisting controller (STC) for flux tracking and speed tracking purpose. Simultaneously, an open loop flux observer and a reduced order load torque observer are designed based on Lyapunov's analysis. Finally, simulation results show that the designed observer-based super twisting controller has great tracking performance and the system is robust with disturbances and uncertainties, and flux observer and reduced torque observer show good estimate performance with nominal system and input-to-state stability (ISS) property with uncertainty system.
针对负载转矩未知的直线感应电机,提出了一种考虑动态末端效应的超扭滑模控制方法。首先利用Ducan的t模型描述了LIM的动态末端效应,然后通过设计的超扭转控制器(STC)对该模型进行磁链跟踪和速度跟踪。同时,基于李雅普诺夫分析,设计了开环磁链观测器和降阶负载转矩观测器。最后,仿真结果表明,所设计的基于观测器的超扭控制器具有良好的跟踪性能和系统对干扰和不确定性的鲁棒性,且磁链观测器和约转矩观测器在标称系统和不确定系统的输入状态稳定性(ISS)方面具有良好的估计性能。
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引用次数: 8
Adaptive position tracking control of high-speed trains with piecewise dynamics 高速列车分段动态自适应位置跟踪控制
Pub Date : 2017-05-24 DOI: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7963321
Zehui Mao, G. Tao, B. Jiang, Xing-gang Yan
This paper addresses the adaptive position tracking control problem for high-speed trains with time-varying resistances and mass in the motion dynamics. To handel these time-varying parameters with piecewise constant characteristics, a piecewise constant model with unknown parameters is introduced for different train operation conditions. An integrated adaptive controller structure is constructed to have the capacity to achieve plant-model matching with known parameters and complete system parametrization with unknown parameters, which is desirable for adaptive tracking control. For the train position tracking requirement, the reference model system is specifically chosen. Stable adaptive laws are designed to update the adaptive controller parameters in the presence of the unknown piecewise constant system parameters. Closed-loop stability and asymptotic state tracking are proved. Simulation results on a high-speed train model are presented to illustrate the desired adaptive position tracking control performance.
研究了运动动力学中具有时变阻力和质量的高速列车自适应位置跟踪控制问题。为了处理这些时变参数的分段常数特性,针对不同的列车运行工况,引入了一种参数未知的分段常数模型。构造了一种集成的自适应控制器结构,能够实现已知参数下的植物模型匹配和未知参数下的系统参数化,从而实现自适应跟踪控制。针对列车位置跟踪的要求,具体选择了参考模型系统。设计了稳定自适应律,用于在系统参数未知的情况下更新自适应控制器参数。证明了系统的闭环稳定性和渐近状态跟踪。最后给出了高速列车模型的仿真结果,说明了所期望的自适应位置跟踪控制性能。
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引用次数: 4
Shrinking Horizon Model Predictive Control with chance-constrained signal temporal logic specifications 具有机会约束信号时序逻辑规范的收缩地平线模型预测控制
Pub Date : 2017-05-24 DOI: 10.23919/ACC.2017.7963204
S. Farahani, R. Majumdar, Vinayak S. Prabhu, S. Soudjani
We present Shrinking Horizon Model Predictive Control (SHMPC) for linear dynamical systems, under stochastic disturbances, with probabilistic constraints encoded as Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications. The control objective is to minimize a cost function under the restriction that the given STL specification be satisfied with some minimum probability. The presented approach utilizes the knowledge of the disturbance distribution to synthesize the controller in SHMPC. We show that this synthesis problem can be (conservatively) transformed into sequential optimizations involving linear constraints. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach by evaluating its performance on room temperature control of a building.
针对随机扰动下的线性动力系统,提出了一种基于信号时序逻辑(STL)规范的概率约束的收缩地平线模型预测控制(SHMPC)。控制目标是在给定的STL规范以最小概率满足的限制下最小化成本函数。该方法利用扰动分布的知识来合成SHMPC中的控制器。我们表明,这个综合问题可以(保守地)转化为涉及线性约束的顺序优化。我们通过实验证明了我们提出的方法的有效性,并评估了其在建筑物室温控制方面的性能。
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引用次数: 21
期刊
2017 American Control Conference (ACC)
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