Pub Date : 2020-03-06DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/8680
S. Raimondi, D. Puccio, M. Egli
Assuming a positive outcome of the parliamentary procedure for laws and, thus, the transformation of the official cadastre for buildings and land into a soil cadastre (urban, extra-urban and cadastre for the conservation of natural or semi-natural soil diversity) would start a new era for pedology. Finally, after many decades of activity to expand soil culture in Italy, almost all Italian families would be in contact with a soil specialist. Land use and redefined plots would be handled with greater care and responsibility. Experts in agricultural and forestry and biodiversity conservation would have a new impetus in their activity. Furthermore, economists will also have to address new issues. The aim of this work was to analyse how to meet the needs of a future Cadastre with respect to soil information both from a descriptive (Cadastral Certificate) and a cartographic point of view and to outline a practical guideline for future technicians who will be in charge of maintaining and updating the soil information system. To this end, we used the area of Caccamo (Sicily) and its soilscape as an example to put this concept into practice. On the one hand, this contribution aims at stimulating the start of a scientific-technical debate and, on the other hand, to give practical indications for the solution of the problem.
{"title":"An extra-urban soil cadastre for Italy: a first guide for the introduction of soil information","authors":"S. Raimondi, D. Puccio, M. Egli","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/8680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/8680","url":null,"abstract":"Assuming a positive outcome of the parliamentary procedure for laws and, thus, the transformation of the official cadastre for buildings and land into a soil cadastre (urban, extra-urban and cadastre for the conservation of natural or semi-natural soil diversity) would start a new era for pedology. Finally, after many decades of activity to expand soil culture in Italy, almost all Italian families would be in contact with a soil specialist. Land use and redefined plots would be handled with greater care and responsibility. Experts in agricultural and forestry and biodiversity conservation would have a new impetus in their activity. Furthermore, economists will also have to address new issues. The aim of this work was to analyse how to meet the needs of a future Cadastre with respect to soil information both from a descriptive (Cadastral Certificate) and a cartographic point of view and to outline a practical guideline for future technicians who will be in charge of maintaining and updating the soil information system. To this end, we used the area of Caccamo (Sicily) and its soilscape as an example to put this concept into practice. On the one hand, this contribution aims at stimulating the start of a scientific-technical debate and, on the other hand, to give practical indications for the solution of the problem.","PeriodicalId":42340,"journal":{"name":"EQA-International Journal of Environmental Quality","volume":"2020 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47605845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/8558
A. Comparetti, S. Raimondi
Abstract Cadastres are always related to land: they are a creation of man as effect of his relationship with land. The different conditions of the Cadastre in 14 EU Member States, including the former EU Candidate States (that nowadays are also EU members), are shown in this paper. Half of EU countries store cadastral and registration data in the same database. Basically two original models of cadastral system exist in the EU, related with systems of land registration : 1) in the Central European model (beyond the area of the Germanic “Grundbuch”) Cadastre emerges as a graphic basis (map) of land registration (Land Registry), so that physical changes must be reflected in the Cadastre and legal changes in the Land Registry, by maintaining a perfect parallelism; 2) in the Latin model the Cadastre emerges only as a taxation instrument, useful for collecting land taxes. The Land Cadastre in the EU is almost always parcel-based and contains an urban Cadastre (of buildings) only in a few countries. Moreover, the European Land Information Service (EULIS) is shown as result of a project carried out by nine partners of eight EU Member States. The knowledge of the cadastral models in EU Member States is a fundamental condition for the harmonisation of Soil Cadastre at EU level as an inventory for environmental, social, economic, legal and taxation purposes.
{"title":"CADASTRAL MODELS IN EU MEMBER STATES","authors":"A. Comparetti, S. Raimondi","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/8558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/8558","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cadastres are always related to land: they are a creation of man as effect of his relationship with land. The different conditions of the Cadastre in 14 EU Member States, including the former EU Candidate States (that nowadays are also EU members), are shown in this paper. Half of EU countries store cadastral and registration data in the same database. Basically two original models of cadastral system exist in the EU, related with systems of land registration : 1) in the Central European model (beyond the area of the Germanic “Grundbuch”) Cadastre emerges as a graphic basis (map) of land registration (Land Registry), so that physical changes must be reflected in the Cadastre and legal changes in the Land Registry, by maintaining a perfect parallelism; 2) in the Latin model the Cadastre emerges only as a taxation instrument, useful for collecting land taxes. The Land Cadastre in the EU is almost always parcel-based and contains an urban Cadastre (of buildings) only in a few countries. Moreover, the European Land Information Service (EULIS) is shown as result of a project carried out by nine partners of eight EU Member States. The knowledge of the cadastral models in EU Member States is a fundamental condition for the harmonisation of Soil Cadastre at EU level as an inventory for environmental, social, economic, legal and taxation purposes.","PeriodicalId":42340,"journal":{"name":"EQA-International Journal of Environmental Quality","volume":"33 1","pages":"55-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42769149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-08DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/7285
M. Toktar, G. L. Papa, F. E. Kozybayeva, C. Dazzi
Soil development is a crucial aspect in the process of mine spoil restoration and is also critical for the establishment of the vegetation. In this short paper, we present the features of mine proto-soils (i.e. soils at the early stage of development) and the natural vegetation species colonizing mine sites in a dry arid environment of Kazakhstan characterized by surface disturbance due to mine activity to access phosphorite deposit. These disturbed soils showed morphological features very different from each other (particularly horizons depth and sequence), even if the main chemical features were quite homogeneous. This is reasonably linked to the features of the Human Transported Material derived from mine operation that was scattered around the mine area. The most abundant natural plants found in the study area belong to the Poacee, Asteraceae and Fabacee families (with 4 species each). Biomass contribution for all species is very low; the root biomass was greater than above ground biomass, contributing to a modest soil development.
{"title":"Soils and plants in an anthropogenic dump of the Kokdzhon phosphorite mine (Kazakhstan)","authors":"M. Toktar, G. L. Papa, F. E. Kozybayeva, C. Dazzi","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/7285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/7285","url":null,"abstract":"Soil development is a crucial aspect in the process of mine spoil restoration and is also critical for the establishment of the vegetation. In this short paper, we present the features of mine proto-soils (i.e. soils at the early stage of development) and the natural vegetation species colonizing mine sites in a dry arid environment of Kazakhstan characterized by surface disturbance due to mine activity to access phosphorite deposit. These disturbed soils showed morphological features very different from each other (particularly horizons depth and sequence), even if the main chemical features were quite homogeneous. This is reasonably linked to the features of the Human Transported Material derived from mine operation that was scattered around the mine area. The most abundant natural plants found in the study area belong to the Poacee, Asteraceae and Fabacee families (with 4 species each). Biomass contribution for all species is very low; the root biomass was greater than above ground biomass, contributing to a modest soil development.","PeriodicalId":42340,"journal":{"name":"EQA-International Journal of Environmental Quality","volume":"26 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43043072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-08DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/7309
D. Puccio, S. Raimondi
In Sicily it is witnessing an environmental degradation that can be conducted to the human activity and the already known process of desertification. The present study had as object the c/da Piana del Signore in plain of Gela being an area characterized by an extreme aridity and salinity. Through consultation and study of the various researches realized on the area, the various environmental and territorial characteristics outlined, highlighting the issues and possible improvements. The objective was to outline the damages caused by man proposing possible routes for a correct requalification of the area in order to enhance a landscape of great agronomic and naturalistic interest. In fact to enhance that area it is necessary to restore it and, in this case, it is to undertake an activity of depollution, given that today in the area are deposited waste of any natura therefore highly polluting.
在西西里岛，它正在目睹环境退化，这可能会对人类活动和已知的荒漠化进程造成影响。本研究以盖拉平原的c/da Piana del Signore为对象，该地区具有极端干旱和盐度。通过对该地区实现的各种研究的咨询和研究，概述了各种环境和领土特征，突出了问题和可能的改进。其目的是概述人类提出正确重新鉴定该地区的可能路线所造成的损害，以增强具有重大农艺和自然意义的景观。事实上，为了加强该地区，有必要对其进行恢复，在这种情况下，有必要开展一项去污染活动，因为今天该地区沉积着任何性质的废物，因此污染严重。
{"title":"THE ENVIROMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE PIANA DEL SIGNORE (GELA, SICILY) FOR A CORRECT AGRONOMIC, CULTURAL AND LANDSCAPE UPGRADING AND ENHANCEMENT OF THE AREA","authors":"D. Puccio, S. Raimondi","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/7309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/7309","url":null,"abstract":"In Sicily it is witnessing an environmental degradation that can be conducted to the human activity and the already known process of desertification. The present study had as object the c/da Piana del Signore in plain of Gela being an area characterized by an extreme aridity and salinity. Through consultation and study of the various researches realized on the area, the various environmental and territorial characteristics outlined, highlighting the issues and possible improvements. The objective was to outline the damages caused by man proposing possible routes for a correct requalification of the area in order to enhance a landscape of great agronomic and naturalistic interest. In fact to enhance that area it is necessary to restore it and, in this case, it is to undertake an activity of depollution, given that today in the area are deposited waste of any natura therefore highly polluting.","PeriodicalId":42340,"journal":{"name":"EQA-International Journal of Environmental Quality","volume":"25 1","pages":"19-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46523713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/6303
I. Kalavrouziotis, P. Koukoulakis
Huge quantities of treated wastewater (TMWW) and biosolids (sludge) are produced every day all over the world, which exert a strong pressure on the environment. An important question that is raised is “what to do with them?”.An effort is put by the scientific community to eliminate the concept of “waste” and to replace it with the concept of “recycling of resources”, by means of effective management, which does not concern only the users, but all the other groups involved in the problem, such as facility administrators, operations, politicians, scientific community and the general population. Sludge concentration data showed that there exist 516 chemicals in biosolids which create a serious health risk. It is pointed out that this risk will be greatly exacerbated by chemical toxins present in the sludge which can predispose skin to infection by pathogens. Consequently, the need for science-based policies are necessary to effectively protect public health. The risk assessment due to sludge, is difficult to evaluate of due to the large number of unknown interactions involved. People living near the sludge application sites may suffer from such abnormalities as: eye, nose, and throat irritation, gastrointestinal abnormalities, as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, including cough, difficulty in breathing, sinus congestion, skin infection and sores. Many problems seem to be related to biosolid and wastewater application in agriculture, which should be solved. A universal one, acknowledged as an “international health crisis” is the resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and to the evolution of multidrug resistance of bacteria”. Certain anthropogenically created environments have been identified as major sources of multidrug resistance bacteria such as in water treatment plants, concentrated animal feeding operations etc. All these, and many other health problems, render the safety of sludge and biosolid and wastewater agricultural reuse, for the time being questionable even though the application is done according to official guidelines. It is therefore necessary that more research work be conducted on the short and long term application effects of sludge on human health, and on the environment so as to successfully address these problems Also,the existing guidelines must be reconsidered on the basis of the research findings to be attained. It is only then that the application of these inputs to land could be as safe as possible.
{"title":"Wastewater and Sludge Reuse Management in Agriculture","authors":"I. Kalavrouziotis, P. Koukoulakis","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/6303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/6303","url":null,"abstract":"Huge quantities of treated wastewater (TMWW) and biosolids (sludge) are produced every day all over the world, which exert a strong pressure on the environment. An important question that is raised is “what to do with them?”.An effort is put by the scientific community to eliminate the concept of “waste” and to replace it with the concept of “recycling of resources”, by means of effective management, which does not concern only the users, but all the other groups involved in the problem, such as facility administrators, operations, politicians, scientific community and the general population. Sludge concentration data showed that there exist 516 chemicals in biosolids which create a serious health risk. It is pointed out that this risk will be greatly exacerbated by chemical toxins present in the sludge which can predispose skin to infection by pathogens. Consequently, the need for science-based policies are necessary to effectively protect public health. The risk assessment due to sludge, is difficult to evaluate of due to the large number of unknown interactions involved. People living near the sludge application sites may suffer from such abnormalities as: eye, nose, and throat irritation, gastrointestinal abnormalities, as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, including cough, difficulty in breathing, sinus congestion, skin infection and sores. Many problems seem to be related to biosolid and wastewater application in agriculture, which should be solved. A universal one, acknowledged as an “international health crisis” is the resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and to the evolution of multidrug resistance of bacteria”. Certain anthropogenically created environments have been identified as major sources of multidrug resistance bacteria such as in water treatment plants, concentrated animal feeding operations etc. All these, and many other health problems, render the safety of sludge and biosolid and wastewater agricultural reuse, for the time being questionable even though the application is done according to official guidelines. It is therefore necessary that more research work be conducted on the short and long term application effects of sludge on human health, and on the environment so as to successfully address these problems Also,the existing guidelines must be reconsidered on the basis of the research findings to be attained. It is only then that the application of these inputs to land could be as safe as possible.","PeriodicalId":42340,"journal":{"name":"EQA-International Journal of Environmental Quality","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71265383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/6304
C. Natali, R. Fogli, G. Bianchini, R. Tassinari, U. Tessari
A textural and geochemical characterization of sediments from the Sacca di Goro lagoon floor has been performed in order to evaluate the present day granulometric distribution and the geochemical budget with respect to literature values. 10 samples have been collected along a WE transect crosscutting the whole Sacca di Goro lagoon in order to explore the maximum lithological variability and to identify geochemical trends. Results show that the present day superficial sediment are coarser in grain size with respect to those studied in the past, in turn implying lower concentrations of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE). PTE enrichments miming those observed 20 years ago are recorded only locally, in connection with parallel increase of fine fraction and organic matter. Traces of Cu, V and Pb have been also found in the shells of farmed Manila clam ( Ruditapes Philippinarum ) collected within the sediment samples, suggesting PTE bioavailability and accumulation. The comparison of the results with literature data highlights that PTE contents of the Sacca di Goro lagoon deserve more frequent and systematic monitoring both for the high hydrodynamicity of this environment and for the high anthropogenic impact. The analysis of metals in Manila clam shells has a twofold purpose because it represents a further biomarker of the ecosystem, and also provide a geochemical fingerprint of the local shellfish production that could help the traceability in the market, and discrimination from shellfish produced in other area that are not properly controlled from the sanitary point of view.
对Sacca di Goro泻湖湖底沉积物进行了结构和地球化学表征，以评估目前的颗粒分布和相对于文献价值的地球化学预算。为了探索最大的岩性变异性和确定地球化学趋势，沿着整个Sacca di Goro泻湖的WE样带横切收集了10个样品。结果表明，与过去研究的沉积物相比，目前浅层沉积物的粒度更粗，这反过来意味着潜在有毒元素(PTE)的浓度更低。与20年前观测到的相比，PTE的富集仅在局部记录，与细颗粒和有机质的平行增加有关。在沉积物样本中收集的养殖马尼拉蛤(Ruditapes Philippinarum)的壳中也发现了微量的Cu, V和Pb，这表明PTE的生物利用度和积累。结果与文献数据的比较表明，Sacca di Goro泻湖的PTE含量由于该环境的高水动力性和高人为影响而值得更频繁和系统的监测。分析马尼拉蛤壳中的金属有双重目的，因为它代表了生态系统的进一步生物标志物，也提供了当地贝类生产的地球化学指纹，可以帮助市场的可追溯性，并从卫生角度区分其他地区生产的贝类。
{"title":"Heavy Metals Backgrounds in Sediments From the Sacca di Goro (NE, Italy)","authors":"C. Natali, R. Fogli, G. Bianchini, R. Tassinari, U. Tessari","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/6304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/6304","url":null,"abstract":"A textural and geochemical characterization of sediments from the Sacca di Goro lagoon floor has been performed in order to evaluate the present day granulometric distribution and the geochemical budget with respect to literature values. 10 samples have been collected along a WE transect crosscutting the whole Sacca di Goro lagoon in order to explore the maximum lithological variability and to identify geochemical trends. Results show that the present day superficial sediment are coarser in grain size with respect to those studied in the past, in turn implying lower concentrations of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE). PTE enrichments miming those observed 20 years ago are recorded only locally, in connection with parallel increase of fine fraction and organic matter. Traces of Cu, V and Pb have been also found in the shells of farmed Manila clam ( Ruditapes Philippinarum ) collected within the sediment samples, suggesting PTE bioavailability and accumulation. The comparison of the results with literature data highlights that PTE contents of the Sacca di Goro lagoon deserve more frequent and systematic monitoring both for the high hydrodynamicity of this environment and for the high anthropogenic impact. The analysis of metals in Manila clam shells has a twofold purpose because it represents a further biomarker of the ecosystem, and also provide a geochemical fingerprint of the local shellfish production that could help the traceability in the market, and discrimination from shellfish produced in other area that are not properly controlled from the sanitary point of view.","PeriodicalId":42340,"journal":{"name":"EQA-International Journal of Environmental Quality","volume":"20 1","pages":"15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71265396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/5800
G. Bianchini, C. Natali, R. Fogli, L. V. Antisari
A very hot debate is currently focused on submerged substrates that can be classified either as sediments or subaqueous soils. In this paper, the controversy is contextualized on a specific case study, i.e. the Sacca di Goro coastal lagoon facing the North Adriatic Sea. The submerged substrate has been sampled along a a E-W transect and subsequently analyzed to investigate the C-N elemental and isotopic compositions. The recorded concentration of organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen is 0.26-0.50 and 0.02-0.06 wt%, respectively, and the spatial distribution of these parameters highlights a general decrease of concentration from W to E. The carbon isotopic composition of the organic matter (δ13COC) indicates the incorporation within the substrate of significant amount of seaweed and seagrass. Seaweed prevails in the west (δ13COC down to -19‰) due to a nutrient-rich freshwater inflow (Po di Volano), whereas seagrass is preponderant eastward (δ13COC up to -10‰) in a sector of the lagoon fed by riverine waters characterized by lower nutrient load (Po di Goro). The existence of these biological components plausibly implies a lush benthic vegetation, properly rooted on the submerged floor. For this reason, in our view the substrate of the investigated lagoon can be regarded as a subaqueous soil.
目前关于水下基质的争论非常激烈，水下基质可以分为沉积物或水下土壤。本文以一个具体的案例研究为背景，即面向北亚得里亚海的Sacca di Goro沿海泻湖。浸没底物沿a - E-W样带取样，随后分析了C-N元素和同位素组成。记录的有机碳(OC)和氮(n)浓度分别为0.26 ~ 0.50 wt%和0.02 ~ 0.06 wt%，其空间分布表现出从W到e的总体下降趋势。有机质的碳同位素组成(δ13COC)表明基质内存在大量的海藻和海草。由于营养丰富的淡水流入(Po di Volano)，西部以海藻为主(δ13COC低至19‰)，而东部以营养负荷较低的河流水域(Po di Goro)为特征的泻湖部分以海草为主(δ13COC高至-10‰)。这些生物成分的存在似乎暗示了茂盛的底栖植物，适当地扎根在水下的地板上。因此，我们认为所研究的泻湖的底物可以看作是一种水下土壤。
{"title":"PRELIMINARY NOTES ON C-N POOLS IN SUBAQUEOUS SOILS FROM THE SACCA DI GORO COASTAL LAGOON (PO DELTA, NORTHERN ITALY)","authors":"G. Bianchini, C. Natali, R. Fogli, L. V. Antisari","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/5800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/5800","url":null,"abstract":"A very hot debate is currently focused on submerged substrates that can be classified either as sediments or subaqueous soils. In this paper, the controversy is contextualized on a specific case study, i.e. the Sacca di Goro coastal lagoon facing the North Adriatic Sea. The submerged substrate has been sampled along a a E-W transect and subsequently analyzed to investigate the C-N elemental and isotopic compositions. The recorded concentration of organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen is 0.26-0.50 and 0.02-0.06 wt%, respectively, and the spatial distribution of these parameters highlights a general decrease of concentration from W to E. The carbon isotopic composition of the organic matter (δ13COC) indicates the incorporation within the substrate of significant amount of seaweed and seagrass. Seaweed prevails in the west (δ13COC down to -19‰) due to a nutrient-rich freshwater inflow (Po di Volano), whereas seagrass is preponderant eastward (δ13COC up to -10‰) in a sector of the lagoon fed by riverine waters characterized by lower nutrient load (Po di Goro). The existence of these biological components plausibly implies a lush benthic vegetation, properly rooted on the submerged floor. For this reason, in our view the substrate of the investigated lagoon can be regarded as a subaqueous soil.","PeriodicalId":42340,"journal":{"name":"EQA-International Journal of Environmental Quality","volume":"19 1","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71265301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/5802
S. Cocco, V. Cardelli, Silvia Pedicini, Rogeiro Borguete Alves Rafael, A. Agnelli, F. Fornasier, F. Vallarola, G. Corti
Subaqueous soils have to be studied with proper methodologies, according to a pedological approach and considering the key role of animal bioturbation. Morphological and chemical characteristics of submerged soils found in the MPA of "Torre del Cerrano", Adriatic sea (Italy), have been studied in this way, and we conclude that submarine soils of the MPA are important examples of pedogenesis promoted by animals. Soils from the highly protected marine area hosted a major biodiversity than those from the sub- and non-protected areas, while no striking differences in terms of soil physical and chemical characteristics among protected, sub-protected and non-protected areas occurred.
水下土壤的研究必须采用适当的方法，根据土壤学的方法，并考虑到动物生物扰动的关键作用。通过对意大利亚得里亚海“Torre del Cerrano”海洋保护区水下土壤形态和化学特征的研究，认为海洋保护区海底土壤是动物促进成土的重要实例。海洋高度保护区土壤的生物多样性高于海洋次保护区和非保护区土壤，而保护区、亚保护区和非保护区土壤的理化特征差异不显著。
{"title":"First observations on marine subaqueous soils in \"Torre del Cerrano\" marine protected area, Adriatic sea (Italy)","authors":"S. Cocco, V. Cardelli, Silvia Pedicini, Rogeiro Borguete Alves Rafael, A. Agnelli, F. Fornasier, F. Vallarola, G. Corti","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/5802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/5802","url":null,"abstract":"Subaqueous soils have to be studied with proper methodologies, according to a pedological approach and considering the key role of animal bioturbation. Morphological and chemical characteristics of submerged soils found in the MPA of \"Torre del Cerrano\", Adriatic sea (Italy), have been studied in this way, and we conclude that submarine soils of the MPA are important examples of pedogenesis promoted by animals. Soils from the highly protected marine area hosted a major biodiversity than those from the sub- and non-protected areas, while no striking differences in terms of soil physical and chemical characteristics among protected, sub-protected and non-protected areas occurred.","PeriodicalId":42340,"journal":{"name":"EQA-International Journal of Environmental Quality","volume":"19 1","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71265336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-20DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/5797
E. Pellegrini, F. Floreani, Marco Cortin, M. Nobili
The flooding regime of saltmarshes strongly affects organic matter mineralisation, representing a unique situation where oxygen diffusion is either impeded by submersion or favoured by retreating water in regular cycles within the same day. Decomposition of Limonium vulgare Mill. residues in saltmarsh soils was evaluated measuring CO2 and CH4 emissions. Four different saltmarshes from the Grado Lagoon (Northern Adriatic Sea) were investigated. Soils were characterised by a similar vegetation ( Sarcocornietea class) and similar high coverage of L. vulgare (70-75%) but differed in redox potential, texture and organic carbon content. Hydromorphic conditions were reproduced in mesocosms, and soils were 20 incubated under fully aerobic, fully anaerobic and transient (6 hours cycles) tidal states. Partially decomposed litter (leaves) of L. vulgare was added and 22 decomposition processes were monitored through CO2 and CH4 emissions. Larger CO2 emissions were measured under aerobic conditions, in particular in soil samples with coarse texture. Fully anoxic and tidal regimes showed a similar behaviour. On the contrary, CH4 emissions were less dependent upon flooding, showing only slightly larger values under completely submerged conditions. Larger CH4 emissions have been obtained in fine textured soils. Soil organic matter content also influenced gas emissions: larger values corresponded to higher emissions of both CO2 and CH4.
{"title":"METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE FLUXES FROM LIMONIUM RESIDUES DECOMPOSITION IN SALTMARSH SOILS: EFFECTS OF TIDE REGIME","authors":"E. Pellegrini, F. Floreani, Marco Cortin, M. Nobili","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/5797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/5797","url":null,"abstract":"The flooding regime of saltmarshes strongly affects organic matter mineralisation, representing a unique situation where oxygen diffusion is either impeded by submersion or favoured by retreating water in regular cycles within the same day. Decomposition of Limonium vulgare Mill. residues in saltmarsh soils was evaluated measuring CO2 and CH4 emissions. Four different saltmarshes from the Grado Lagoon (Northern Adriatic Sea) were investigated. Soils were characterised by a similar vegetation ( Sarcocornietea class) and similar high coverage of L. vulgare (70-75%) but differed in redox potential, texture and organic carbon content. Hydromorphic conditions were reproduced in mesocosms, and soils were 20 incubated under fully aerobic, fully anaerobic and transient (6 hours cycles) tidal states. Partially decomposed litter (leaves) of L. vulgare was added and 22 decomposition processes were monitored through CO2 and CH4 emissions. Larger CO2 emissions were measured under aerobic conditions, in particular in soil samples with coarse texture. Fully anoxic and tidal regimes showed a similar behaviour. On the contrary, CH4 emissions were less dependent upon flooding, showing only slightly larger values under completely submerged conditions. Larger CH4 emissions have been obtained in fine textured soils. Soil organic matter content also influenced gas emissions: larger values corresponded to higher emissions of both CO2 and CH4.","PeriodicalId":42340,"journal":{"name":"EQA-International Journal of Environmental Quality","volume":"18 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71265291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/6003
D. Giuseppe, B. Faccini, M. Melchiorre, G. Ferretti, M. Coltorti, G. Ciuffreda, A. Zago
The agronomic use of natural zeolite is widely supported by several works. However, almost all are focused on the application of the clinoptilolite as slow plant-nutrient fertilizer and soil conditioner. Our study describes the first comprehensive study on the effects of a Italian chabazite-bearing zeolitite (rocks containing more than 50% of zeolites) on a maize cultivation. The objective was to determine the effects of applying zeolitite on (i) Zea mays yield and quality, under two irrigation regimes and (ii) check if it can improve the efficiency of urea fertilization on a loamy soil in an open experimental field of Italy. The production and quality of the corn grown in the traditional way was compared with that of the plots treated with two different amounts of zeolitite (4 and 8 Kg/m 2 ) and each treatment was monitored both in irrigated and not-irrigated conditions. The measurements of chlorophyll and those related to the morphological features of the plants show suffering conditions of the corn plants in not-irrigated conditions. Furthermore we show that the plants grown with zeolitite and fertilized with less urea have produced the same amounts of corn plants fertilized with traditional contents of urea.
{"title":"Yield and quality of maize grown on a loamy soil amended with natural chabazite zeolitite","authors":"D. Giuseppe, B. Faccini, M. Melchiorre, G. Ferretti, M. Coltorti, G. Ciuffreda, A. Zago","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/6003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2281-4485/6003","url":null,"abstract":"The agronomic use of natural zeolite is widely supported by several works. However, almost all are focused on the application of the clinoptilolite as slow plant-nutrient fertilizer and soil conditioner. Our study describes the first comprehensive study on the effects of a Italian chabazite-bearing zeolitite (rocks containing more than 50% of zeolites) on a maize cultivation. The objective was to determine the effects of applying zeolitite on (i) Zea mays yield and quality, under two irrigation regimes and (ii) check if it can improve the efficiency of urea fertilization on a loamy soil in an open experimental field of Italy. The production and quality of the corn grown in the traditional way was compared with that of the plots treated with two different amounts of zeolitite (4 and 8 Kg/m 2 ) and each treatment was monitored both in irrigated and not-irrigated conditions. The measurements of chlorophyll and those related to the morphological features of the plants show suffering conditions of the corn plants in not-irrigated conditions. Furthermore we show that the plants grown with zeolitite and fertilized with less urea have produced the same amounts of corn plants fertilized with traditional contents of urea.","PeriodicalId":42340,"journal":{"name":"EQA-International Journal of Environmental Quality","volume":"17 1","pages":"35-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71265511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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