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The role of intestinal flora in autism and nutritional approaches 肠道菌群在自闭症中的作用和营养途径
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.5606/DSUFNJT.2020.017
A. Ekmekçi
e-mail: aslimelike01@gmail.com ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a social behavior disorder and awareness on ASD has been increasing nowadays. Social deficiencies and repetitive movements constitute the symptoms of ASD occurring in childhood. As there is no biological marker in autism, parental and clinician approaches are based on diagnosis. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in autism, and its prevalence has been increasing in recent years. The process and amount of exposure to environmental factors create differences in the cause of autism. Although it is unclear yet whether autism is a cause or result, impaired intestinal flora is among the symptoms of autism. Factors such as nutrition approaches and perinatal factors have been thought to play a role in intestinal flora dysbiosis. Metabolites that cross the blood-brain barrier in the intestinal flora dysbiosis can cause morphological changes in the hippocampus in the brain. Various dietary approaches and fecal microbiota transplantation have become candidates for autism treatment methods to improve the deteriorated flora. In this review, we discuss the effects of therapeutic nutritional approaches and fecal transplantation by examining the relationship between ASD and
摘要自闭症谱系障碍(Autism spectrum disorder, ASD)是一种社会行为障碍,近年来人们对ASD的认识不断提高。社交缺陷和重复动作构成了儿童时期出现的ASD的症状。由于自闭症没有生物学标记,父母和临床医生的方法都是基于诊断。遗传和环境因素在自闭症中起作用,近年来其患病率呈上升趋势。暴露于环境因素的过程和数量造成了自闭症病因的差异。虽然目前还不清楚自闭症是病因还是结果,但肠道菌群受损是自闭症的症状之一。营养途径和围产期因素等因素被认为在肠道菌群失调中起作用。肠道菌群失调时,代谢物穿过血脑屏障可引起大脑海马形态改变。各种饮食方法和粪便微生物群移植已成为自闭症治疗方法的候选者,以改善恶化的菌群。在这篇综述中,我们通过研究ASD和自闭症之间的关系来讨论营养治疗方法和粪便移植的效果
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引用次数: 0
Transcranial magnetic stimulation application fields 经颅磁刺激的应用领域
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.5606/DSUFNJT.2020.016
Ensar Demir
e-mail: demiir.ensar@gmail.com ABSTRACT Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which is a non-invasive procedure, has become more and more prominent with promising studies in the last two decades. With a very low rate of side effects, TMS has the potential to be effective in many diseases, particularly in psychiatric disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and epilepsy. In this review, we analyze and compile studies on the development and current status of TMS and the areas where it is used or can be used. The data were obtained based on the review of about 200 studies in the literature search between January 1995 and September 2020 by scanning two online database publishing in English and one online database publishing in Turkish and English. Tens of studies examined have yielded very successful results for TMS. In the following years, it seems to enter our lives among the combined treatment methods even at worst. Undoubtedly, this cannot be ignored, but it has not been standardized yet, including two or three United States Food and Drug Administration-approved applications. Still different methodologies and protocols are available. Above all, the fact that there are unsuccessful studies or a large number of studies showing that the effect of TMS decreases significantly in the long-term indicates that it should be approached with caution.
摘要经颅磁刺激(Transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS)作为一种非侵入性的治疗手段,在近二十年的研究中越来越受到重视。由于副作用率极低,经颅磁刺激有可能对许多疾病有效,特别是对抑郁症、强迫症和癫痫等精神疾病。本文对经颅磁刺激的发展、现状、应用领域和应用前景等方面的研究进行了分析和综述。数据是基于1995年1月至2020年9月期间文献检索中约200项研究的综述,通过扫描两个英文在线数据库和一个土耳其语和英语在线数据库。数十项经颅磁刺激试验取得了非常成功的结果。在接下来的几年里,它似乎在最坏的情况下也进入了我们的生活。毫无疑问,这是不容忽视的,但它还没有被规范,包括两三个美国食品和药物管理局批准的申请。仍然有不同的方法和协议可用。最重要的是,有不成功的研究或大量的研究表明经颅磁刺激的效果在长期内显著下降,这表明应该谨慎对待。
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引用次数: 0
Locomotion methods of microrobots and targeted drug delivery 微型机器人的运动方法与靶向给药
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.5606/DSUFNJT.2020.015
Alper Kurt
e-mail: alper.kurt@ozu.edu.tr ABSTRACT Many of the drugs used in the treatment of diseases, such as cancer, spread throughout the body, causing tissue and healthy cell loss. Patients taking these medications may experience serious side effects. To overcome these problems, scientists have developed many types of microrobots and operating principles which can release drugs manageably and locally and can be remotely controlled with external sources. In this review, four different movement types that we selected from the movement mechanisms of microrobots are examined in detail. These motion types are magnetic motion, acoustic motion, microorganism-based motion, and chemical reaction-based motion, respectively. In this review, we discuss how each movement mechanism works and what kind of experimental studies it has today. In addition, the shortcomings of these movement mechanisms and the aspects that need to be improved are mentioned. In general, this review sheds light into how microrobots facilitate human health with targeted drug delivery technology and forthcoming
许多用于治疗疾病(如癌症)的药物会扩散到全身,导致组织和健康细胞的损失。服用这些药物的病人可能会有严重的副作用。为了克服这些问题,科学家们已经开发了许多类型的微型机器人和操作原理,可以管理和局部释放药物,并且可以通过外部资源远程控制。在这篇综述中,我们从微型机器人的运动机制中选择了四种不同的运动类型进行了详细的研究。这些运动类型分别是磁性运动、声学运动、微生物运动和化学反应运动。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了每一种运动机制是如何工作的,以及目前有哪些实验研究。此外,还指出了这些运动机制存在的不足和需要改进的方面。总的来说,这篇综述揭示了微型机器人如何通过靶向给药技术和未来的发展促进人类健康
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引用次数: 0
The relationship between social media use and narcissism 社交媒体使用与自恋之间的关系
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.5606/DSUFNJT.2020.014
Mihriban Akkoz
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引用次数: 1
Hydatid cyst and treatment 包虫囊肿及治疗
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.5606/DSUFNJT.2020.018
Mine Ün
Türkiye. e-posta: unmine13@gmail.com ABSTRACT Echinococcosis also known as hydatid cyst disease (HD) is caused by the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) from animals to humans. Transmission is by fecal-oral contact, usually from infected domestic dogs or their stools containing eggs. E. granulosus forms unilocular cysts, particularly in liver and lungs in humans following infection. Although the most common location is the liver, hydatid cyst formation can be seen almost everywhere in the body. In patients with liver cysts, abdominal pain and anorexia are the most common manifestations. It can compress the bile ducts, leading to jaundice. Cysts in the lungs present with symptoms as chronic cough, dyspnea, pleuritic chest, pain and hemoptysis. Ultrasound is a rapid and accurate method to detect liver lesions with a precision up to 90 to 95%. Hydatid cyst usually has the appearance of a simple fluid-filled cyst on ultrasound; however, the appearance and characteristics may change depending on the development stage of the disease. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are more sensitive and specific in the detection and characterization of HD. Surgical treatment has long been accepted as the definitive treatment method for hydatid cyst. It can be performed in about 90% of patients, if the disease has not progressed excessively. In addition, the puncture, aspiration, injection, and re-aspiration (PAIR) technique, which is a less invasive approach, is an alternative treatment performed by aspirating the cystic fluid with ultrasound or CT. In addition, two medications as mebendazole and albendazole, are used for the treatment of hydatid cyst in patients, if necessary. The management and treatment approach of hydatid cyst depends on the affected organ, the number of cysts, the presence of cystic-biliary communication, secondary bacterial infection, and hemorrhage. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to evaluate each case thoroughly and carefully to achieve the
Turkiye。摘要棘球蚴病又称包虫病(HD),是由细粒棘球绦虫(E. granulosus)从动物传播给人类引起的疾病。通过粪口接触传播,通常来自受感染的家养狗或其含卵的粪便。颗粒棘球绦虫在感染后形成单眼囊肿,特别是在人的肝脏和肺部。虽然最常见的位置是肝脏,但包虫囊肿的形成几乎可以在身体的任何地方看到。肝囊肿患者以腹痛和厌食为最常见的表现。它会压迫胆管,导致黄疸。肺囊肿表现为慢性咳嗽、呼吸困难、胸膜炎、疼痛和咯血。超声是一种快速准确的检测肝脏病变的方法,其精度可达90%至95%。包虫囊肿在超声上通常表现为单纯的充满液体的囊肿;然而,外观和特征可能会根据疾病的发展阶段而改变。计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)在HD的检测和表征方面更敏感和特异性。手术治疗一直被认为是包虫病的最终治疗方法。如果疾病没有过度进展,约90%的患者可行此手术。此外,穿刺、抽吸、注射和再抽吸(PAIR)技术是一种侵入性较小的方法,是一种通过超声或CT抽吸囊液的替代治疗方法。此外,如有必要,可使用甲苯达唑和阿苯达唑两种药物治疗包虫病。包虫病的处理和治疗方法取决于受影响的器官、囊肿的数量、是否存在囊胆通讯、继发细菌感染和出血。因此,彻底和仔细地评估每一个案例以实现目标是至关重要的
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引用次数: 1
Personality disorders diagnosis, causes, and treatments 人格障碍的诊断、原因和治疗
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.5606/DSUFNJT.2020.013
Sura Sanem Köse
e-mail: sura_sanem98@hotmail.com ABSTRACT Symptoms such as personality disorder, adaptation to the environment, functionality problems, and tension-anxiety can be observed. It is a set of physical, intellectual, and mental characteristics defined as thinking, functioning, and behavioral disorders. It is also defined as a mental problem based on the observation of long-term adaptation problems and strict tendencies. A wide range of factors from genetics to environment plays a role in the development of personality disorders. Although personality disorders have been studied extensively in recent years, the main causes and treatments have not been clearly understood, yet. In this review, we discuss symptoms of personality disorders together with biological- environmental causes
摘要可以观察到人格障碍、环境适应、功能问题和紧张焦虑等症状。它是一组被定义为思维、功能和行为障碍的身体、智力和心理特征。根据对长期适应问题和严格倾向的观察,它也被定义为一种心理问题。从遗传到环境的一系列因素在人格障碍的发展中起着重要作用。尽管近年来对人格障碍进行了广泛的研究,但其主要原因和治疗方法尚不清楚。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了人格障碍的症状以及生物环境原因
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引用次数: 1
Genetic basis of schizophrenia: Basic hypothesis pathways and gene functions 精神分裂症的遗传基础:基本假设、途径和基因功能
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.5606/DSUFNJT.2020.012
Alper Tanrikulu, O. Erbaş
Correspondence: Alper Tanrıkulu. Deneysel Tıp Enstitüsü, 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli, Türkiye. e-mail: tanriklualper@gmail.com ABSTRACT Schizophrenia is a neurodegenerative disease in which cognitive and behavioral disorders coexist. Based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, there are problems in neuron connections and the prefrontal lobe is almost completely disrupted. It is highly inherited. Genome scans have shown that variations in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes may be a risk factor for schizophrenia. Detection of the differences in allele frequency is also important in the etiology studies of the disease. Schizophrenia is a very complex disease due to dysfunction of almost entire neurocognitive related systems. With the discovery of antipsychotic drugs, many hypotheses have been put forward on the etiology of the disease. One of them is dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia and the other is glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs alleviate psychosis symptoms by interacting with protein receptors or ion channels involved in dopamine glutamate and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathways. In this review, we discuss dopamine and glutamate hypotheses based on the etiology of schizophrenia and the genes that have the most evidence for their relationship with the disease.
通信:Alper Tanrıkulu。Deneysel Tıp Enstitüsü, 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli, t。精神分裂症是一种认知和行为障碍并存的神经退行性疾病。根据磁共振成像(MRI)研究,神经元连接出现问题,前额叶几乎完全中断。这是高度遗传的。基因组扫描显示,主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)基因的变异可能是精神分裂症的一个危险因素。检测等位基因频率的差异在该病的病因学研究中也很重要。精神分裂症是一种非常复杂的疾病,几乎整个神经认知相关系统都出现了功能障碍。随着抗精神病药物的发现,人们对该病的病因提出了许多假设。一种是多巴胺假说另一种是谷氨酸假说。抗精神病药物通过与多巴胺谷氨酸和γ氨基丁酸(GABA)通路中的蛋白受体或离子通道相互作用来减轻精神病症状。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了基于精神分裂症病因的多巴胺和谷氨酸假说,以及最有证据表明它们与疾病的关系的基因。
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引用次数: 0
Pancreatic islet cell transplantation 胰岛细胞移植
Pub Date : 2020-01-31 DOI: 10.5606/DSUFNJT.2019.003
Mine Ün, O. Erbaş
İletişim adresi: Mine Ün. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 34295 Sefaköy, Küçükçekmece, İstanbul, Türkiye. e-posta: unmine13@gmail.com ABSTRACT Type 1 Diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. These patients become dependent on external insulin because they cannot produce insulin. However, in the long-term, exogenous insulin treatment does not prevent diabetic complications. In order to find an alternative diabetic treatment, clinical studies have demonstrated that pancreas transplantation or purified pancreatic islet transplantation could maintain control over blood sugar levels in Type 1 diabetes patients and were more effective treatment methods for these patients. Pancreatic islet transplantation is carried out with a smaller transplantation mass compared to complete pancreas transplantation. This also allows a more minor operation and transplantation of less immunologic tissue. Therefore, new methods aim to improve pancreatic islet transplantation.
İletişim地址:我的Ün。İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Tıp fak ltesi, 34295 Sefaköy, k ekmece, İstanbul, t rkiye。摘要1型糖尿病是一种自身免疫性疾病,其特征是胰腺中产生胰岛素的β细胞被破坏。这些患者依赖于外部胰岛素,因为他们不能产生胰岛素。然而,从长期来看,外源性胰岛素治疗并不能预防糖尿病并发症。为了寻找一种替代的糖尿病治疗方法,临床研究表明,胰腺移植或纯化胰岛移植可以维持1型糖尿病患者血糖水平的控制,是更有效的治疗方法。胰岛移植与完全胰腺移植相比,移植质量更小。这也允许更小的手术和较少免疫组织的移植。因此,新的方法旨在改善胰岛移植。
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引用次数: 1
Intestinal transplantation 肠移植
Pub Date : 2020-01-31 DOI: 10.5606/dsufnjt.2019.007
Mine Ün
e-posta: unmine13@gmail.com ABSTRACT Although intestinal transplantation has become a standard in treating intestinal failure today, it has faced significant challenges up to this point. Intestinal transplantation, which is relatively more complicated and has higher likelihood of rejection compared to other solid organ transplantations such as the liver, kidneys, and heart, has gone a long way since the 1900s and has achieved successful results.
摘要尽管肠移植已成为当今治疗肠衰竭的标准方法,但目前仍面临着重大挑战。与肝脏、肾脏、心脏等其他实体器官移植相比,肠道移植相对复杂,排异反应的可能性也更高。自20世纪以来,肠道移植已经走过了漫长的道路,并取得了成功的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial blood 人造血液
Pub Date : 2020-01-31 DOI: 10.5606/dsufnjt.2019.005
Mine Ün
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Demiroglu Science University Florence Nightingale Transplantation Journal
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