Pub Date : 2024-02-03DOI: 10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2024.1046
Fernanda Fernandes dos Santos, T. B. Valiatti, André Valencio, Yohanna Carvalho dos Santos Aoun Chikhani, Carlos Alberto Franchi Júnior, Adilson Aderito da Silva, Ághata Cardoso da Silva Ribeiro
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are widespread globally, with a notably higher incidence in women. In 2018, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) endorsed the use of fluoroquinolones for uncomplicated UTI treatment. Following this recommendation, several international agencies adopted similar guidelines. Consequently, older antimicrobial agents like fosfomycin emerged as primary treatment options for UTIs. In this context, our study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains from urine samples to various recommended UTI antibiotics. These strains were collected between January 2017 and July 2020 in São Paulo, Brazil. We utilized the disk-diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, interpreting the results according to BRCAST/EUCAST guidelines. Out of the 86,957 urine cultures undertaken during this timeframe, 10,041 yielded E. coli isolates. Of these, 8,655 were tested against fosfomycin, with 99.0% (8,572 strains) found to be susceptible. Additionally, susceptibility rates for other drugs were as follows: nitrofurantoin (95.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (83.9%), ciprofloxacin (65.1%), norfloxacin (65.6%), and levofloxacin (67.7%). Notably, of the 571 ESBL-positive strains, 94.0% were susceptible to fosfomycin. It’s important to mention a slight decline in fosfomycin susceptibility observed during this period. This finding underscores the importance of continuous monitoring for fosfomycin resistance and rational usage of the drug.
{"title":"High Fosfomycin Susceptibility in Escherichia Coli Recovered from Urine in Brazil","authors":"Fernanda Fernandes dos Santos, T. B. Valiatti, André Valencio, Yohanna Carvalho dos Santos Aoun Chikhani, Carlos Alberto Franchi Júnior, Adilson Aderito da Silva, Ághata Cardoso da Silva Ribeiro","doi":"10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2024.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2024.1046","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are widespread globally, with a notably higher incidence in women. In 2018, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) endorsed the use of fluoroquinolones for uncomplicated UTI treatment. Following this recommendation, several international agencies adopted similar guidelines. Consequently, older antimicrobial agents like fosfomycin emerged as primary treatment options for UTIs. In this context, our study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains from urine samples to various recommended UTI antibiotics. These strains were collected between January 2017 and July 2020 in São Paulo, Brazil. We utilized the disk-diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, interpreting the results according to BRCAST/EUCAST guidelines. Out of the 86,957 urine cultures undertaken during this timeframe, 10,041 yielded E. coli isolates. Of these, 8,655 were tested against fosfomycin, with 99.0% (8,572 strains) found to be susceptible. Additionally, susceptibility rates for other drugs were as follows: nitrofurantoin (95.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (83.9%), ciprofloxacin (65.1%), norfloxacin (65.6%), and levofloxacin (67.7%). Notably, of the 571 ESBL-positive strains, 94.0% were susceptible to fosfomycin. It’s important to mention a slight decline in fosfomycin susceptibility observed during this period. This finding underscores the importance of continuous monitoring for fosfomycin resistance and rational usage of the drug.","PeriodicalId":424449,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Microbiology","volume":"424 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139807822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-03DOI: 10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2024.1046
Fernanda Fernandes dos Santos, T. B. Valiatti, André Valencio, Yohanna Carvalho dos Santos Aoun Chikhani, Carlos Alberto Franchi Júnior, Adilson Aderito da Silva, Ághata Cardoso da Silva Ribeiro
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are widespread globally, with a notably higher incidence in women. In 2018, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) endorsed the use of fluoroquinolones for uncomplicated UTI treatment. Following this recommendation, several international agencies adopted similar guidelines. Consequently, older antimicrobial agents like fosfomycin emerged as primary treatment options for UTIs. In this context, our study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains from urine samples to various recommended UTI antibiotics. These strains were collected between January 2017 and July 2020 in São Paulo, Brazil. We utilized the disk-diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, interpreting the results according to BRCAST/EUCAST guidelines. Out of the 86,957 urine cultures undertaken during this timeframe, 10,041 yielded E. coli isolates. Of these, 8,655 were tested against fosfomycin, with 99.0% (8,572 strains) found to be susceptible. Additionally, susceptibility rates for other drugs were as follows: nitrofurantoin (95.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (83.9%), ciprofloxacin (65.1%), norfloxacin (65.6%), and levofloxacin (67.7%). Notably, of the 571 ESBL-positive strains, 94.0% were susceptible to fosfomycin. It’s important to mention a slight decline in fosfomycin susceptibility observed during this period. This finding underscores the importance of continuous monitoring for fosfomycin resistance and rational usage of the drug.
{"title":"High Fosfomycin Susceptibility in Escherichia Coli Recovered from Urine in Brazil","authors":"Fernanda Fernandes dos Santos, T. B. Valiatti, André Valencio, Yohanna Carvalho dos Santos Aoun Chikhani, Carlos Alberto Franchi Júnior, Adilson Aderito da Silva, Ághata Cardoso da Silva Ribeiro","doi":"10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2024.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2024.1046","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are widespread globally, with a notably higher incidence in women. In 2018, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) endorsed the use of fluoroquinolones for uncomplicated UTI treatment. Following this recommendation, several international agencies adopted similar guidelines. Consequently, older antimicrobial agents like fosfomycin emerged as primary treatment options for UTIs. In this context, our study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Escherichia coli strains from urine samples to various recommended UTI antibiotics. These strains were collected between January 2017 and July 2020 in São Paulo, Brazil. We utilized the disk-diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, interpreting the results according to BRCAST/EUCAST guidelines. Out of the 86,957 urine cultures undertaken during this timeframe, 10,041 yielded E. coli isolates. Of these, 8,655 were tested against fosfomycin, with 99.0% (8,572 strains) found to be susceptible. Additionally, susceptibility rates for other drugs were as follows: nitrofurantoin (95.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (83.9%), ciprofloxacin (65.1%), norfloxacin (65.6%), and levofloxacin (67.7%). Notably, of the 571 ESBL-positive strains, 94.0% were susceptible to fosfomycin. It’s important to mention a slight decline in fosfomycin susceptibility observed during this period. This finding underscores the importance of continuous monitoring for fosfomycin resistance and rational usage of the drug.","PeriodicalId":424449,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Microbiology","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139867491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1035
Sohail S, R. H, Awan Ds, Sohail F, Rishi Ai, K. M., K. S., Adil K
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has a great role in causing respiratory illness in humans and has the most important relationship of its spike proteins with host ACE-2 receptors. After entry into the human body, the viral S protein receptor-binding domain binds to human ACE-2 receptor. Two modes explained in this paper of an ACE-2 shedding. The shedding induces the process of viral entry to host cells by binding SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The residues of arginine and lysine in the ACE-2 receptor from 652 to 659 amino acid cleavage by ADAM17 but in TMPRSS2 the residues can be seen on amino acid from 697 to 716. Corona virus genome shows some structural proteins that are responsible for the cellular entry and facilitate the attachment of a virus to the host cell. Virus recognizes the attachment site and binds with it and enter into the cell. Spike protein is split from the cleavage site along its two subunits S1 and S2 then during this process. S2 subunit release RBD (Receptor- Binding Domain) of S1 mediated to the ACE-2. The RBD of S1 consists of 200 amino acid domains. The unknown protein B6ATI which is a neutral amino acid transporter located in ileum is the basic cause for formation of ACE-2 homodimer. In this way S1 domain provides site for another S2 domain. This leads to concealing of the ACE-2 ectodomain cleavage-sites, shedding. It prevents endocytosis of the receptor blocking a major pathway in the viral entry.
{"title":"Proteolytic Transformation and Stimulation of SARSCov-2 Spike Protein with Human ACE-2 Receptor","authors":"Sohail S, R. H, Awan Ds, Sohail F, Rishi Ai, K. M., K. S., Adil K","doi":"10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1035","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has a great role in causing respiratory illness in humans and has the most important relationship of its spike proteins with host ACE-2 receptors. After entry into the human body, the viral S protein receptor-binding domain binds to human ACE-2 receptor. Two modes explained in this paper of an ACE-2 shedding. The shedding induces the process of viral entry to host cells by binding SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The residues of arginine and lysine in the ACE-2 receptor from 652 to 659 amino acid cleavage by ADAM17 but in TMPRSS2 the residues can be seen on amino acid from 697 to 716. Corona virus genome shows some structural proteins that are responsible for the cellular entry and facilitate the attachment of a virus to the host cell. Virus recognizes the attachment site and binds with it and enter into the cell. Spike protein is split from the cleavage site along its two subunits S1 and S2 then during this process. S2 subunit release RBD (Receptor- Binding Domain) of S1 mediated to the ACE-2. The RBD of S1 consists of 200 amino acid domains. The unknown protein B6ATI which is a neutral amino acid transporter located in ileum is the basic cause for formation of ACE-2 homodimer. In this way S1 domain provides site for another S2 domain. This leads to concealing of the ACE-2 ectodomain cleavage-sites, shedding. It prevents endocytosis of the receptor blocking a major pathway in the viral entry.","PeriodicalId":424449,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Microbiology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121062633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-27DOI: 10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1034
Ali Fs, K. R., A. A., A. O
Microorganisms and supplement additives such as Poultry Manure (PM) - Cow Manure (CM) - Ammonium nitrate (NH3) also have an essential role in enriching and accelerating the sugar cane straw (ScS) residues biodegradation to produce organic fertilizer (compost). Supplement additives may affect physical and chemical changes inside ScS heaps, such as (pH - internal temperature - humidity ratio). These changes also affect the activity of microorganisms in the decomposition of ScS residues. So the main objectives of this investigation are to find out convenient solutions to abate the environmental impact by focused on ScS and their microbiological studies, for production of compost. Microorganisms effect of the ScS decomposition, periods of decomposition and decomposition efficiency. The self-heating temperature increased after two weeks (66.5oC to 72.7oC) was attained. After one month, Self-heating temperature decreased gradually up to the finish of the experiment. PH values recorded after two weeks were ranged of 7.2 to 8.3 throughout the composting operation. Counts of all microorganisms increased during composting process as compared with their initial counts. The total counts of thermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes were present throughout the composting process 85.5 x 105 and 56.8 x 104 CFU/g, respectively. C/N ratio decreased by composting reaching about 8.9:1, acute microbiological activities likely be due to reduce C/N ratio and Organic Matter (OM) mineralization. The supplement additives from alternatives substances enhanced the biodegradation of composting mixtures. Generally, ScS compost can be used as a substitute for other organic manures for amending soils.
{"title":"Role of Microorganisms and Supplement Additives during Sugarcane Straw Composting Process","authors":"Ali Fs, K. R., A. A., A. O","doi":"10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1034","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms and supplement additives such as Poultry Manure (PM) - Cow Manure (CM) - Ammonium nitrate (NH3) also have an essential role in enriching and accelerating the sugar cane straw (ScS) residues biodegradation to produce organic fertilizer (compost). Supplement additives may affect physical and chemical changes inside ScS heaps, such as (pH - internal temperature - humidity ratio). These changes also affect the activity of microorganisms in the decomposition of ScS residues. So the main objectives of this investigation are to find out convenient solutions to abate the environmental impact by focused on ScS and their microbiological studies, for production of compost. Microorganisms effect of the ScS decomposition, periods of decomposition and decomposition efficiency. The self-heating temperature increased after two weeks (66.5oC to 72.7oC) was attained. After one month, Self-heating temperature decreased gradually up to the finish of the experiment. PH values recorded after two weeks were ranged of 7.2 to 8.3 throughout the composting operation. Counts of all microorganisms increased during composting process as compared with their initial counts. The total counts of thermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes were present throughout the composting process 85.5 x 105 and 56.8 x 104 CFU/g, respectively. C/N ratio decreased by composting reaching about 8.9:1, acute microbiological activities likely be due to reduce C/N ratio and Organic Matter (OM) mineralization. The supplement additives from alternatives substances enhanced the biodegradation of composting mixtures. Generally, ScS compost can be used as a substitute for other organic manures for amending soils.","PeriodicalId":424449,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Microbiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116516311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-27DOI: 10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1033
M. Y., S. P, W. Z, Huang X
Mucormycosis is a relatively uncommon but intractable fungal infectious disease. The mortality is very high when it occurs. In this study, we reported a continuous cases of pulmonary mucormycosis in three patients who suffered from chronic kidney disease, history of renal transplantation and multiple myeloma in April 2017, respectively. Cultures were obtained from several specimens (pathological tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum) and all identified as Rhizopus microsporus by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time- Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and ITS DNA sequencing methods. In addition, they all showed susceptibility to amphotericin B and posaconazole. Unfortunately, even through the three patients all treated with amphotericin B and posaconazole, one man still died eventually. Clinicians should keep an eye on patients who are at high risk of acquiring this fatal disease and make early intervention strategies to reduce terrible outcomes.
{"title":"A Case Series of Pulmonary Mucormycosis Caused by Rhizopus Microsporus","authors":"M. Y., S. P, W. Z, Huang X","doi":"10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1033","url":null,"abstract":"Mucormycosis is a relatively uncommon but intractable fungal infectious disease. The mortality is very high when it occurs. In this study, we reported a continuous cases of pulmonary mucormycosis in three patients who suffered from chronic kidney disease, history of renal transplantation and multiple myeloma in April 2017, respectively. Cultures were obtained from several specimens (pathological tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum) and all identified as Rhizopus microsporus by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time- Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and ITS DNA sequencing methods. In addition, they all showed susceptibility to amphotericin B and posaconazole. Unfortunately, even through the three patients all treated with amphotericin B and posaconazole, one man still died eventually. Clinicians should keep an eye on patients who are at high risk of acquiring this fatal disease and make early intervention strategies to reduce terrible outcomes.","PeriodicalId":424449,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131350057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1032
Kahkahi Re, Moustaine M, M. A., Z. R., C. Ma, E. R.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to influence positively plant growth by various direct or indirect mechanisms. The objective of this study was to characterize and identified a bacterium was isolated from the wheat rhizosphere of an semi arid area Meknes (Morocco). The studied strain possess several PGPR trais such as nitrogen fixation ability, phosphate solubilization, production of auxins and Ammonia production. Based on their 16S rDNA sequences, the strain were identified as Pantoea agglomerans 20- 19. This Pantoea agglomerans 20-19 is capable of IAA, ammonia production, nitrogen fixation and solubilization phosphorus. These results showed that Pantoea agglomerans 20-19 with its PGPR traits could consitute a good biofertilizer in semi arid area.
{"title":"Characterization and Identification of Plant Growth Promoting Traits of a Rhizobacteria: Pantoea Agglomerans 20-19","authors":"Kahkahi Re, Moustaine M, M. A., Z. R., C. Ma, E. R.","doi":"10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1032","url":null,"abstract":"Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to influence positively plant growth by various direct or indirect mechanisms. The objective of this study was to characterize and identified a bacterium was isolated from the wheat rhizosphere of an semi arid area Meknes (Morocco). The studied strain possess several PGPR trais such as nitrogen fixation ability, phosphate solubilization, production of auxins and Ammonia production. Based on their 16S rDNA sequences, the strain were identified as Pantoea agglomerans 20- 19. This Pantoea agglomerans 20-19 is capable of IAA, ammonia production, nitrogen fixation and solubilization phosphorus. These results showed that Pantoea agglomerans 20-19 with its PGPR traits could consitute a good biofertilizer in semi arid area.","PeriodicalId":424449,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Microbiology","volume":"1022 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134180601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-26DOI: 10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1031
O. Sow, Gbe Km, I. Ndiaye, A. Cissé, Syler Ac, Wane Aa, A. Seck, B. Sambe
The Presence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in food remains a real threat. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella strains isolated from the most consumed types of meat in Senegal. A total of 337 samples were collected including 247 samples of raw meat and 90 of meat-based ready-made meals. Salmonella strains were isolated according to the French standard EN-ISO-6579 and serotyped according to the KWLM scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed with 16 discs following the agar diffusion method. Our study showed that 37% of the samples carried Salmonella and allowed the isolation of 136 strains of Salmonella. We identified 47 different serotypes including S. Kentucky (11/136: 8%), S. Brancaster (10/136: 7%), S. Chester (10/136: 7%), S. Istanbul (5/136: 4 %), and S. Agona (5/136: 4%) which were respectively the most common. Of the 136 strains, 43 (31.6%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, of which 15.4% (21/136) were multidrug-resistant. Interestingly, S. Kentucky that was the most common, exhibited also the highest level of resistance, being at least resistant to 8 antibiotics. In conclusion, The increasing resistance and spread of S. Kentucky in meat products demand special monitoring and to be further studied.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella Serotypes Circulating in Meat in Senegal","authors":"O. Sow, Gbe Km, I. Ndiaye, A. Cissé, Syler Ac, Wane Aa, A. Seck, B. Sambe","doi":"10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1031","url":null,"abstract":"The Presence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in food remains a real threat. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella strains isolated from the most consumed types of meat in Senegal. A total of 337 samples were collected including 247 samples of raw meat and 90 of meat-based ready-made meals. Salmonella strains were isolated according to the French standard EN-ISO-6579 and serotyped according to the KWLM scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed with 16 discs following the agar diffusion method. Our study showed that 37% of the samples carried Salmonella and allowed the isolation of 136 strains of Salmonella. We identified 47 different serotypes including S. Kentucky (11/136: 8%), S. Brancaster (10/136: 7%), S. Chester (10/136: 7%), S. Istanbul (5/136: 4 %), and S. Agona (5/136: 4%) which were respectively the most common. Of the 136 strains, 43 (31.6%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, of which 15.4% (21/136) were multidrug-resistant. Interestingly, S. Kentucky that was the most common, exhibited also the highest level of resistance, being at least resistant to 8 antibiotics. In conclusion, The increasing resistance and spread of S. Kentucky in meat products demand special monitoring and to be further studied.","PeriodicalId":424449,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116573455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1030
G. H., Johny Tk, Bhat Sg
The achievement of modern medicine is due to development and extensive use of indwelling biomedical devices like urinary catheters, heart valves, Vascular bypass grafts, ocular lenses and artificial joints, among others. Untreated nosocomial infections due to urinary catheter- biofilms pose great health risk to patients. This study focuses on the isolation, molecular identification, antibiotic susceptibility profiling and physicochemical characterization of strong biofilm producers from indwelling urinary catheters. Out of 34 isolates 19 strong biofilm producers were segregated using Microtitre plate and Congo red agar methods. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii and Enterococcus faecalis, which are common causative agents of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CA-UTI) were identified by molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses. All strong biofilm formers were multi drug resistant by modified Kirby- Bauer method and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index was also calculated Further physicochemical characterization included hydrophobicity and autoaggregation assays. All the strong biofilm producers exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance. More than 60 per cent of the selected strains were strongly hydrophobic. No significant connection between autoaggregation and hydrophobicity was observed. All the characteristics of these strains including biofilm formation, multiple antibiotic resistance, hydrophobicity and auto aggregation abilities made them strong candidates for CA-UTI.
{"title":"Enhanced CAUTI Risk due to Strong Biofilm Forming MDR Bacteria in Indwelling Urinary Catheters","authors":"G. H., Johny Tk, Bhat Sg","doi":"10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1030","url":null,"abstract":"The achievement of modern medicine is due to development and extensive use of indwelling biomedical devices like urinary catheters, heart valves, Vascular bypass grafts, ocular lenses and artificial joints, among others. Untreated nosocomial infections due to urinary catheter- biofilms pose great health risk to patients. This study focuses on the isolation, molecular identification, antibiotic susceptibility profiling and physicochemical characterization of strong biofilm producers from indwelling urinary catheters. Out of 34 isolates 19 strong biofilm producers were segregated using Microtitre plate and Congo red agar methods. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii and Enterococcus faecalis, which are common causative agents of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CA-UTI) were identified by molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses. All strong biofilm formers were multi drug resistant by modified Kirby- Bauer method and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index was also calculated Further physicochemical characterization included hydrophobicity and autoaggregation assays. All the strong biofilm producers exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance. More than 60 per cent of the selected strains were strongly hydrophobic. No significant connection between autoaggregation and hydrophobicity was observed. All the characteristics of these strains including biofilm formation, multiple antibiotic resistance, hydrophobicity and auto aggregation abilities made them strong candidates for CA-UTI.","PeriodicalId":424449,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Microbiology","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114411233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1029
B. Ngom, Wade Sf, D. Ta, R. Diagne, A. I. Sow
Introduction: Some strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae produce Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) may be responsible for various infections such as urinary infections. These Sick people are treated in the very serious cases by association antibiotics to class to betalactamins, aminosids and quinolons. But proliferation of multi-drug resistant strains involves decreasing therapeutic success. That’s why epidemiological study must be done in all laboratories of bacteriology. Purpose: The aim of the study was to research the resistance phenotypes of our E. coli and K. pneumoniae ESBL strains compared to others families of antibiotics. Material and methods: Thirty two (32) Extended Spectrum betalactamases E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains isolated from either hospitalized patients or sick people who came for consultation were studied. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using an antibiotic disk (Bio-Rad) diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar (Bio-Rad). The results were interpreted according to the Standards of the French Antibiogram Committee (CA-SFM). Results: The study showed that most of these strains were multi-drug resistant. They were resistant to many beta-lactamines antibiotics. E. coli strains were also resistant at 70,34% to aminosids, at 96,72% to quinolons, at 58,3% to cotrimoxazol, at 26,1% to chloramphénicol and at 21,4% to colistin ; about K. pneumoniae, they were resistant at 72,6% to aminosids, at 88,95% to quinolons, at 86,7% to cotrimoxazol, at 44,4% to chloramphénicol and at 25% to colistin. But all these strains were sensitive at 100% to l’imipenem.
{"title":"Research of Associated Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated in Senegal","authors":"B. Ngom, Wade Sf, D. Ta, R. Diagne, A. I. Sow","doi":"10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjmicrobiol.2021.1029","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Some strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae produce Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) may be responsible for various infections such as urinary infections. These Sick people are treated in the very serious cases by association antibiotics to class to betalactamins, aminosids and quinolons. But proliferation of multi-drug resistant strains involves decreasing therapeutic success. That’s why epidemiological study must be done in all laboratories of bacteriology. Purpose: The aim of the study was to research the resistance phenotypes of our E. coli and K. pneumoniae ESBL strains compared to others families of antibiotics. Material and methods: Thirty two (32) Extended Spectrum betalactamases E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains isolated from either hospitalized patients or sick people who came for consultation were studied. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using an antibiotic disk (Bio-Rad) diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar (Bio-Rad). The results were interpreted according to the Standards of the French Antibiogram Committee (CA-SFM). Results: The study showed that most of these strains were multi-drug resistant. They were resistant to many beta-lactamines antibiotics. E. coli strains were also resistant at 70,34% to aminosids, at 96,72% to quinolons, at 58,3% to cotrimoxazol, at 26,1% to chloramphénicol and at 21,4% to colistin ; about K. pneumoniae, they were resistant at 72,6% to aminosids, at 88,95% to quinolons, at 86,7% to cotrimoxazol, at 44,4% to chloramphénicol and at 25% to colistin. But all these strains were sensitive at 100% to l’imipenem.","PeriodicalId":424449,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Microbiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125345636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-20DOI: 10.26420/AUSTINJMICROBIOL.2021.1028
Asif Shahriar, Mahmud Ar, H. Ahmed, N. Rahman, Khatun Mc, Dhaka Bangladesh A
The current deadly COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus appeared in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread globally. The epidemic is still spreading, and there are no effective strategies to prevent the infection. Many companies and institutes are trying to figure out the solution by developing vaccines and antiviral drugs, but still, it requires advanced research and long times. However, scientists were able to decide that Immunological response induction is the ultimate target for any vaccine candidate. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 involves all the immune system components that together appear responsible for viral elimination and recovery from the infection. Many immunological studies have been conducted based on T cell immunity because dependence on the antibody is not the only solution whether some studies showed that antibody wiped out very early. Some studies suggest that cytotoxic T cells and memory T cells give long term immunity. Nonetheless, the vaccines racing from the front provide promising results in various phases (preliminary to phase 2) to induce enough potent neutralizing antibodies. Besides, some vaccines showed T cell-based immune response, which may induce long-term immunity memory T cells. This review mainly illustrated potential vaccine development strategies and challenges by focusing on T-cellbased immune response against SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Possible Immune Responses against Novel SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus: Vaccines Strategies and Challenges","authors":"Asif Shahriar, Mahmud Ar, H. Ahmed, N. Rahman, Khatun Mc, Dhaka Bangladesh A","doi":"10.26420/AUSTINJMICROBIOL.2021.1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/AUSTINJMICROBIOL.2021.1028","url":null,"abstract":"The current deadly COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus appeared in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread globally. The epidemic is still spreading, and there are no effective strategies to prevent the infection. Many companies and institutes are trying to figure out the solution by developing vaccines and antiviral drugs, but still, it requires advanced research and long times. However, scientists were able to decide that Immunological response induction is the ultimate target for any vaccine candidate. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 involves all the immune system components that together appear responsible for viral elimination and recovery from the infection. Many immunological studies have been conducted based on T cell immunity because dependence on the antibody is not the only solution whether some studies showed that antibody wiped out very early. Some studies suggest that cytotoxic T cells and memory T cells give long term immunity. Nonetheless, the vaccines racing from the front provide promising results in various phases (preliminary to phase 2) to induce enough potent neutralizing antibodies. Besides, some vaccines showed T cell-based immune response, which may induce long-term immunity memory T cells. This review mainly illustrated potential vaccine development strategies and challenges by focusing on T-cellbased immune response against SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus.","PeriodicalId":424449,"journal":{"name":"Austin Journal of Microbiology","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126054382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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