Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJGEE.2018070104
Sunil Kumar, M. Sharma, J. Das
The main objective of the present article is to develop self-consistent empirical relationships between rupture parameters and moment magnitude for the Himalayas. The database includes the fault rupture parameters of significant earthquakes in the Himalayan region and thrusting earthquakes from NGA West-2 database. The existing empirical relationships between magnitude and rupture parameters are reviewed in view of their consistency. The consistent relationships between moment magnitude and rupture parameters are derived and compared with the existing such relationships. The comparison of the developed consistent relationships reveal that the rupture length was being underestimated in the range of magnitude from 7 to 8, whereas it was overestimated in the lower range of magnitudes using inconsistent empirical relationships. While rupture width was overestimated for the entire range of magnitudes using inconsistent relationships, the rupture area was underestimated for magnitude greater than 7.
{"title":"Consistent Scaling Laws for Thrusting Environment","authors":"Sunil Kumar, M. Sharma, J. Das","doi":"10.4018/IJGEE.2018070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJGEE.2018070104","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the present article is to develop self-consistent empirical relationships between rupture parameters and moment magnitude for the Himalayas. The database includes the fault rupture parameters of significant earthquakes in the Himalayan region and thrusting earthquakes from NGA West-2 database. The existing empirical relationships between magnitude and rupture parameters are reviewed in view of their consistency. The consistent relationships between moment magnitude and rupture parameters are derived and compared with the existing such relationships. The comparison of the developed consistent relationships reveal that the rupture length was being underestimated in the range of magnitude from 7 to 8, whereas it was overestimated in the lower range of magnitudes using inconsistent empirical relationships. While rupture width was overestimated for the entire range of magnitudes using inconsistent relationships, the rupture area was underestimated for magnitude greater than 7.","PeriodicalId":42473,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77266861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJGEE.2018070102
S. K. Umar, P. Samui, Sunita Kumari
There are many deterministic and probabilistic liquefaction assessment measures to classify if soil liquefaction will take place or not. Different approaches give dissimilar safety factor and liquefaction probabilities. So, reliability analysis is required to deal with these different uncertainties. This paper describes a reliability technique for predicting the seismic liquefaction potential of soils of some areas at Bihar State. Here a reliability approach has been presented in order to find the probability of liquefaction. The proposed approach is formulated on the basis of the results of reliability analyses of 234 field data. Using a deterministic simplified Idriss and Boulanger method, factor of safety of soil has been accessed. The reliability index as well as corresponding probability of liquefaction has been determined based on a First Order Second Moment (FOSM) method. The developed method can be used as a robust tool for engineers concerned in the estimation of liquefaction potential.
{"title":"Reliability Analysis of Liquefaction for Some Regions of Bihar","authors":"S. K. Umar, P. Samui, Sunita Kumari","doi":"10.4018/IJGEE.2018070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJGEE.2018070102","url":null,"abstract":"There are many deterministic and probabilistic liquefaction assessment measures to classify if soil liquefaction will take place or not. Different approaches give dissimilar safety factor and liquefaction probabilities. So, reliability analysis is required to deal with these different uncertainties. This paper describes a reliability technique for predicting the seismic liquefaction potential of soils of some areas at Bihar State. Here a reliability approach has been presented in order to find the probability of liquefaction. The proposed approach is formulated on the basis of the results of reliability analyses of 234 field data. Using a deterministic simplified Idriss and Boulanger method, factor of safety of soil has been accessed. The reliability index as well as corresponding probability of liquefaction has been determined based on a First Order Second Moment (FOSM) method. The developed method can be used as a robust tool for engineers concerned in the estimation of liquefaction potential.","PeriodicalId":42473,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78147509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJGEE.2018070105
M. Fattah, A. Ali, B. Ahmed
The present article includes an experimental study of the behavior of dry and saturated dense sandy soil under the action of a single impulsive load. Dry and saturated dense sand models were tested under impact loads. Different falling masses from different heights were conducted using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to provide the single pulse energy. The responses of dense soils were evaluated at surface of soil under impact load. These responses include; displacements, velocities, and accelerations that are developed due to the impact acting at top and the displacement at different depths within the soil using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and accelerometers (ARH-500A waterproof, and low capacity acceleration transducer) that are embedded in the soil in addition to soil pressure gauges and then recorded using the multi-recorder TMR-200. Based on the experimental test results, it was found that as the sand becomes saturated, the amplitude of the force-time history decreases by about 10-22% since the voids are filled with water which lead to less contact points between particles. Moreover, the resulting vertical displacement due to impact increases by about 20-60% as compared to the case of dry sand at a depth B (where B is the diameter of the bearing plate) from the bearing plate. Such a behavior is related to two compressive waves through the saturated medium; the fluid wave and the soil skeleton wave with a coupled motion of those two waves hence, makes the displacement to be larger in the saturated soil. The horizontal displacement within the soil medium at a distance B away from the edge of the footing are less than the displacements in dry state. The excess pore water pressure increases by about 40% as the amplitude of the impact force increases due to the increase of the contact pressure.
{"title":"Impact Induced Responses of Saturated and Dry Dense Sand","authors":"M. Fattah, A. Ali, B. Ahmed","doi":"10.4018/IJGEE.2018070105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJGEE.2018070105","url":null,"abstract":"The present article includes an experimental study of the behavior of dry and saturated dense sandy soil under the action of a single impulsive load. Dry and saturated dense sand models were tested under impact loads. Different falling masses from different heights were conducted using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to provide the single pulse energy. The responses of dense soils were evaluated at surface of soil under impact load. These responses include; displacements, velocities, and accelerations that are developed due to the impact acting at top and the displacement at different depths within the soil using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and accelerometers (ARH-500A waterproof, and low capacity acceleration transducer) that are embedded in the soil in addition to soil pressure gauges and then recorded using the multi-recorder TMR-200. Based on the experimental test results, it was found that as the sand becomes saturated, the amplitude of the force-time history decreases by about 10-22% since the voids are filled with water which lead to less contact points between particles. Moreover, the resulting vertical displacement due to impact increases by about 20-60% as compared to the case of dry sand at a depth B (where B is the diameter of the bearing plate) from the bearing plate. Such a behavior is related to two compressive waves through the saturated medium; the fluid wave and the soil skeleton wave with a coupled motion of those two waves hence, makes the displacement to be larger in the saturated soil. The horizontal displacement within the soil medium at a distance B away from the edge of the footing are less than the displacements in dry state. The excess pore water pressure increases by about 40% as the amplitude of the impact force increases due to the increase of the contact pressure.","PeriodicalId":42473,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86049759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJGEE.2018070103
N. M. Chanu, R. P. Nanda
Many earthquakes in the past had shown that major damage to structures took place in the absence of proper design, construction, and quality control. Based on the extent of damages caused by earlier earthquakes and the building vulnerability parameters that has caused the damages, a statistical analysis was carried out to develop a vulnerability score sheet. In this score sheet, a vulnerability score is computed considering building attributes such as soft storey, substantial overhang, re-entrant corners, the age of buildings, apparent material and construction quality, eccentric staircase location with respect to building plan, maintenance, soil type and a number of storeys. This score sheet will be a very helpful technique for assessing huge building stocks.
{"title":"A Proposed Rapid Visual Screening Procedure for Developing Countries","authors":"N. M. Chanu, R. P. Nanda","doi":"10.4018/IJGEE.2018070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJGEE.2018070103","url":null,"abstract":"Many earthquakes in the past had shown that major damage to structures took place in the absence of proper design, construction, and quality control. Based on the extent of damages caused by earlier earthquakes and the building vulnerability parameters that has caused the damages, a statistical analysis was carried out to develop a vulnerability score sheet. In this score sheet, a vulnerability score is computed considering building attributes such as soft storey, substantial overhang, re-entrant corners, the age of buildings, apparent material and construction quality, eccentric staircase location with respect to building plan, maintenance, soil type and a number of storeys. This score sheet will be a very helpful technique for assessing huge building stocks.","PeriodicalId":42473,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82432448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.4018/IJGEE.2018070101
S. Sangeetha, S. Raghukanth
The article aims at developing a stochastic model which simulates spatial distribution of slip on the fault plane. This is achieved by analysing a large dataset of 303 finite-fault rupture models from 152 past earthquakes with varying fault mechanisms and in the magnitude range of 4.11-9.12. New scaling relations to predict the seismic source parameters such as fault length, fault width, rupture area, mean and standard deviation of slip have been derived for distinct fault mechanisms. The developed methodology models the spatial variability of slip as a two-dimensional von Karman power spectral density function (PSD) and correlation lengths are estimated. The proposed stochastic slip model is validated by comparing the simulated near-field ground response with the recorded data available for the 20th September 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan.
{"title":"Stochastic Source Model for Strong Motion Prediction","authors":"S. Sangeetha, S. Raghukanth","doi":"10.4018/IJGEE.2018070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJGEE.2018070101","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims at developing a stochastic model which simulates spatial distribution of slip on the fault plane. This is achieved by analysing a large dataset of 303 finite-fault rupture models from 152 past earthquakes with varying fault mechanisms and in the magnitude range of 4.11-9.12. New scaling relations to predict the seismic source parameters such as fault length, fault width, rupture area, mean and standard deviation of slip have been derived for distinct fault mechanisms. The developed methodology models the spatial variability of slip as a two-dimensional von Karman power spectral density function (PSD) and correlation lengths are estimated. The proposed stochastic slip model is validated by comparing the simulated near-field ground response with the recorded data available for the 20th September 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan.","PeriodicalId":42473,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76322431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seismic Protection of Buildings by Rubber-Soil Mixture as Foundation Isolation","authors":"R. P. Nanda, S. Dutta, H. Khan, S. Majumder","doi":"10.4018/IJGEE.2018010106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJGEE.2018010106","url":null,"abstract":"Thisarticleproposesapromisingseismicisolationmethodespeciallysuitablefordevelopingcountries likeIndia.Thisschemeincludestheuseofarubbersoilmixture.Here,theperformanceofawelldesignedlayerofsandmixedwithshreddedrubberasfoundationisolationisstudiednumerically. ThecomputersoftwareABAQUSCAEhasbeenemployedtomodelthedynamicresponseofsoil structureinthisstudy.Ontheotherhand,theuseofscraptiresastherubbermaterialcanprovidean alternativewaytoconsumethehugestockofscraptireallovertheworld.Moreover,thecostofthe proposedseismicschemecangreatlybenefitlow-costhousesforwhichresourcesandtechnologyare notadequateforearthquakemitigationwithwell-developedyetexpensivetechniques.Theproposed methodhasbeendemonstratedthroughaseriesofnumericalsimulation.Onanaverage,theproposed schemecanreducethehorizontalgroundaccelerationby50%.Aparametricstudyalsohasbeen carriedouthere. KEywoRdS Damping, Peak Horizontal Acceleration, Rubber-Soil Mixture, Seismic Isolation, Tire","PeriodicalId":42473,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87962961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4018/IJGEE.2018010101
A. Angina, A. Steri, S. Stacul, D. Presti
{"title":"Free-Field Seismic Response ANalysis: The Piazza dei Miracoli in Pisa Case study","authors":"A. Angina, A. Steri, S. Stacul, D. Presti","doi":"10.4018/IJGEE.2018010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJGEE.2018010101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42473,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88822538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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