Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.03
Tham Junean, Mohd Samsudin, Suffian Mansor
In 1877, the small territory of Muar in the Malay Peninsula was ceded to Maharaja (later Sultan) Abu Bakar of Johor after the death of Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah of Johor. This was done with the connivance and approval of the British Governor and Colonial Office, setting aside the claims of Sultan Ali’s son, Tunku Alam. Although presented locally as a triumph for the politicking of the Maharajah, the Muar Succession was a short-lived check to the British forward movement in the Malay Peninsula. This article attempts to explain the reason for this anomaly, and the role of Governor Robinson during the event. The qualitative research was conducted using primary sources like Arkib Negara Malaysia documents, colonial newspapers and Colonial Office files. Contrary to conventional historiography which portrays the British forward movement as linear and inevitable, we show that the personal initiative of the Governor of the Straits Settlements played a crucial role in the development of British policy towards Muar, which would later influence the politics of British colonial administration in the Malay Peninsula in the 19th century. In particular, the personal convictions of Governor Robinson against granting the Maharajah more influence marked the start of hardening colonial attitudes towards the Maharajah, leading to a resumption in British forward policy from the 1880s. The Muar affair would prove to be the exception that proves the rule, where the British experience in nonintervention in the Malay Peninsula provided instead justification for further direct expansion in the name of good administration.
{"title":"Governor Sir William Robinson and The Muar Succession: A Consideration","authors":"Tham Junean, Mohd Samsudin, Suffian Mansor","doi":"10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.03","url":null,"abstract":"In 1877, the small territory of Muar in the Malay Peninsula was ceded to Maharaja (later Sultan) Abu Bakar of Johor after the death of Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah of Johor. This was done with the connivance and approval of the British Governor and Colonial Office, setting aside the claims of Sultan Ali’s son, Tunku Alam. Although presented locally as a triumph for the politicking of the Maharajah, the Muar Succession was a short-lived check to the British forward movement in the Malay Peninsula. This article attempts to explain the reason for this anomaly, and the role of Governor Robinson during the event. The qualitative research was conducted using primary sources like Arkib Negara Malaysia documents, colonial newspapers and Colonial Office files. Contrary to conventional historiography which portrays the British forward movement as linear and inevitable, we show that the personal initiative of the Governor of the Straits Settlements played a crucial role in the development of British policy towards Muar, which would later influence the politics of British colonial administration in the Malay Peninsula in the 19th century. In particular, the personal convictions of Governor Robinson against granting the Maharajah more influence marked the start of hardening colonial attitudes towards the Maharajah, leading to a resumption in British forward policy from the 1880s. The Muar affair would prove to be the exception that proves the rule, where the British experience in nonintervention in the Malay Peninsula provided instead justification for further direct expansion in the name of good administration.","PeriodicalId":42566,"journal":{"name":"Jebat-Malaysian Journal of History Politics and Strategic Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After the Second World War in 1945, economic and social development began to develop. In Peninsular Malaysia, fishing is one of the economic sectors that is recovering, which can be seen based on the development of input and output data trends. The development of fishery sector input data such as the number of fishermen, boats and fishing equipment and output data such as fish landing data and fishery product trade since 1947 to 2009 has reflected the policy objectives implemented by the authorities. Various issues and problems occurred since after the Second World War until 2009 have led to the introduction of various policies by the government to solve the problems that occur and improve the development program of the fisheries sector. This writing uses primary data from the Annual Report of Fisheries, Department of Fisheries Malaysia for various years. The time series data is analyzed using Microsoft Excel software to build graphs that can show data trends. The policy introduced by the government will affect the fluctuation of input and output of the fisheries sector in Peninsular Malaysia. The results of data analysis show three main trends in the development of the fisheries sector in Peninsular Malaysia that reflect the influence of policy. The first trend of the early development policy stage with the main objective of modernization of inputs (Fishing gear and boats), the second trend of rapid development of technology and fishing efforts that reflects the policy emphasis to exploit resources on a large scale to meet domestic and foreign demand. The third stage trend is the emergence of the problem of overexploitation, pollution and destruction of the marine environment. At the last level, the emphasis of the policy is to reduce the overexploitation of resources and protect the marine environment. In summary, the government’s policy emphasis during the period 1947-1964 was based on modernization objectives, 1965-1981 emphasis on mass production objectives and 1982-2009 emphasis on resource and environment conservation objectives.
{"title":"Perkembangan Dasar Sektor Perikanan di Semenanjung Malaysia, 1947-2009","authors":"Mazlan Majid, Thirunaukarasu Subramaniam, Hanizah Idris","doi":"10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.05","url":null,"abstract":"After the Second World War in 1945, economic and social development began to develop. In Peninsular Malaysia, fishing is one of the economic sectors that is recovering, which can be seen based on the development of input and output data trends. The development of fishery sector input data such as the number of fishermen, boats and fishing equipment and output data such as fish landing data and fishery product trade since 1947 to 2009 has reflected the policy objectives implemented by the authorities. Various issues and problems occurred since after the Second World War until 2009 have led to the introduction of various policies by the government to solve the problems that occur and improve the development program of the fisheries sector. This writing uses primary data from the Annual Report of Fisheries, Department of Fisheries Malaysia for various years. The time series data is analyzed using Microsoft Excel software to build graphs that can show data trends. The policy introduced by the government will affect the fluctuation of input and output of the fisheries sector in Peninsular Malaysia. The results of data analysis show three main trends in the development of the fisheries sector in Peninsular Malaysia that reflect the influence of policy. The first trend of the early development policy stage with the main objective of modernization of inputs (Fishing gear and boats), the second trend of rapid development of technology and fishing efforts that reflects the policy emphasis to exploit resources on a large scale to meet domestic and foreign demand. The third stage trend is the emergence of the problem of overexploitation, pollution and destruction of the marine environment. At the last level, the emphasis of the policy is to reduce the overexploitation of resources and protect the marine environment. In summary, the government’s policy emphasis during the period 1947-1964 was based on modernization objectives, 1965-1981 emphasis on mass production objectives and 1982-2009 emphasis on resource and environment conservation objectives.","PeriodicalId":42566,"journal":{"name":"Jebat-Malaysian Journal of History Politics and Strategic Studies","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.06
Nur Izzati Nazihah Junaidi
This article aims to discuss the development of shipping activities at Port Swettenham from 1901 to 1919. Port Swettenham was developed with the aim of making this port the main port not only for Selangor, but also for the Federated Malay States (FMS). Accordance with that, the objective of this study is to analyse the development of shipping activities at Port Swettenham which is a benchmark for the needs of this port to be developed. This study uses a qualitative methodology based on archival and library research with reference to Reports on the Marine Department of the State of Selangor as the main source alongside the Selangor Administration Report and Reports for the Klang Districts. The results of the study found that the development of Port Swettenham is important to Selangor and FMS as the main port and a link for the export of tin and rubber which became the main commodity around the 20th century, especially when the First World War broke out. Although the development of Port Swettenham was not supported by most shipping companies, but Port Swettenham has grown rapidly and not only handled coastal merchant ships and small-sized ships, but also received the arrival of large-sized ocean-going merchant ships starting in 1904. Therefore, the development of shipping activities at Port Swettenham has shown that this port really needs to be developed to accommodate the development of trade in the FMS and reduce dependence on the ports of the Straits Settlements (SS).
{"title":"Perkembangan Aktiviti Perkapalan di Pelabuhan Swettenham, 1901-1919","authors":"Nur Izzati Nazihah Junaidi","doi":"10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.06","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to discuss the development of shipping activities at Port Swettenham from 1901 to 1919. Port Swettenham was developed with the aim of making this port the main port not only for Selangor, but also for the Federated Malay States (FMS). Accordance with that, the objective of this study is to analyse the development of shipping activities at Port Swettenham which is a benchmark for the needs of this port to be developed. This study uses a qualitative methodology based on archival and library research with reference to Reports on the Marine Department of the State of Selangor as the main source alongside the Selangor Administration Report and Reports for the Klang Districts. The results of the study found that the development of Port Swettenham is important to Selangor and FMS as the main port and a link for the export of tin and rubber which became the main commodity around the 20th century, especially when the First World War broke out. Although the development of Port Swettenham was not supported by most shipping companies, but Port Swettenham has grown rapidly and not only handled coastal merchant ships and small-sized ships, but also received the arrival of large-sized ocean-going merchant ships starting in 1904. Therefore, the development of shipping activities at Port Swettenham has shown that this port really needs to be developed to accommodate the development of trade in the FMS and reduce dependence on the ports of the Straits Settlements (SS).","PeriodicalId":42566,"journal":{"name":"Jebat-Malaysian Journal of History Politics and Strategic Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.04
Mohd Shazwan Mokhtar
This article examines the position of the labour market and the living standards in the Federated Malay States (FMS) during the Great Depression. The collapse of the European market since the end of 1929 directly impacted the economic growth of the FMS which depended on it to export raw materials. This form of dependency is one of the effects of the implementation of imperial economic policies in the FMS that integrates the colonial economic structure with the global economy. This situation allows the FMS to emerge as one of the major exporters of raw materials in the world. Although the issue of the FMS’ economic development has received attention among the historian, the issue of living standards and labour markets has not been studied deeply in previous studies. Therefore, this article explores both issues by proving the inequalities of employment opportunities and wage rates among laborers in the FMS during the depression. The FMS Government administrative records and CO576 colonial records were used to examine colonial policies related to the labour market and living standards. These two sources record empirical data that prove the phenomenon of disparity in both sectors. The results of the study found that the fall in the export economy of the FMS had a relative impact on job opportunities and the unemployment rate of workers. In any case, the protection policy only benefits the skilled workers who are dominated by immigrant labour. This group is also protected by the enforcement of the minimum wage rate by the FMS government. The purpose is to ensure that the colonial economic sector in the FMS continues to operate despite the economic recession
{"title":"Pasaran Buruh dan Standard Hidup di Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu ketika Kemelesetan Ekonomi, 1929-1938","authors":"Mohd Shazwan Mokhtar","doi":"10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the position of the labour market and the living standards in the Federated Malay States (FMS) during the Great Depression. The collapse of the European market since the end of 1929 directly impacted the economic growth of the FMS which depended on it to export raw materials. This form of dependency is one of the effects of the implementation of imperial economic policies in the FMS that integrates the colonial economic structure with the global economy. This situation allows the FMS to emerge as one of the major exporters of raw materials in the world. Although the issue of the FMS’ economic development has received attention among the historian, the issue of living standards and labour markets has not been studied deeply in previous studies. Therefore, this article explores both issues by proving the inequalities of employment opportunities and wage rates among laborers in the FMS during the depression. The FMS Government administrative records and CO576 colonial records were used to examine colonial policies related to the labour market and living standards. These two sources record empirical data that prove the phenomenon of disparity in both sectors. The results of the study found that the fall in the export economy of the FMS had a relative impact on job opportunities and the unemployment rate of workers. In any case, the protection policy only benefits the skilled workers who are dominated by immigrant labour. This group is also protected by the enforcement of the minimum wage rate by the FMS government. The purpose is to ensure that the colonial economic sector in the FMS continues to operate despite the economic recession","PeriodicalId":42566,"journal":{"name":"Jebat-Malaysian Journal of History Politics and Strategic Studies","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.01
Vu Duong Luan
During the 19th century, a multifaceted dynamic unfolded among China, Vietnam, and France. France’s ambitions to extend colonial control over Vietnam posed a potential threat to China’s security and regional stability. This article delves into the historical context, exploring China’s diplomatic and military strategies aimed at safeguarding Vietnam from French colonization. By analyzing historical accounts and scholarly sources, the study illuminates China’s efforts to preserve Vietnam’s sovereignty. Focusing on pivotal events, diplomatic initiatives, and military campaigns undertaken by China, the research sheds light on the perspectives of notable Chinese diplomats, including Zeng Jize, Tang Yanggeng, Chen Baozhen, and Zhang Peilun. The essay underscores China’s pivotal role in protecting Vietnam and maintaining regional security concerns. It highlights the intricate nature of managing diplomatic relations with both Vietnam and France, necessitating a delicate balance. Through a comprehensive examination of historical dynamics, this article enriches our understanding of the intricate connections between China, Vietnam, and France during this critical period.
{"title":"China’s Protective Diplomacy: Safeguarding Vietnam’s Sovereignty Amidst 19th Century Complexities","authors":"Vu Duong Luan","doi":"10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.01","url":null,"abstract":"During the 19th century, a multifaceted dynamic unfolded among China, Vietnam, and France. France’s ambitions to extend colonial control over Vietnam posed a potential threat to China’s security and regional stability. This article delves into the historical context, exploring China’s diplomatic and military strategies aimed at safeguarding Vietnam from French colonization. By analyzing historical accounts and scholarly sources, the study illuminates China’s efforts to preserve Vietnam’s sovereignty. Focusing on pivotal events, diplomatic initiatives, and military campaigns undertaken by China, the research sheds light on the perspectives of notable Chinese diplomats, including Zeng Jize, Tang Yanggeng, Chen Baozhen, and Zhang Peilun. The essay underscores China’s pivotal role in protecting Vietnam and maintaining regional security concerns. It highlights the intricate nature of managing diplomatic relations with both Vietnam and France, necessitating a delicate balance. Through a comprehensive examination of historical dynamics, this article enriches our understanding of the intricate connections between China, Vietnam, and France during this critical period.","PeriodicalId":42566,"journal":{"name":"Jebat-Malaysian Journal of History Politics and Strategic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.07
Muhammad Hafiz Isa
This article discusses about Lee Kuan Yew’s goal in initiating the struggle for the concept of Malaysian Malaysia. This concept is set to fight for the construction of a multi-racial nation state and against the dominance of a race. The purpose is to form the unification of all Malaysians which consists of a multiracial community as a one nation. Malaysian Malaysia emerged as the idea of nationstate building which involves the formation of new territories. Although the concept of Malaysian Malaysia is considered as an idea towards the construction of a nation state. In fact, this concept emerged due to the effects of political conflict between the Central Government in Kuala Lumpur and the government of Singapore which is ruled by the PAP. This political conflict has influenced Lee Kuan Yew’s approach to initiate the concept of Malaysian Malaysia. So, the objective of this article is to assess the actual goal which influenced Lee Kuan Yew actions to initiate the struggle of the Malaysian Malaysia concept. This research used a history methodology by analyse the primary sources such as DO 169/527, DO 169/529, DO 169/530 and DO 169/426. The study found that, Lee Kuan Yew’s desire to demand the interests of Singapore and the political interests of PAP has influenced the conflict between Singapore and the Central Government. The concept of Malaysian Malaysia as a provocation and pressure on the Central Government in order to agree to the Singapore demands. Lee Kuan Yew’s desire to restore Singapore’s interests was primarily a factor that led to struggle of the Malaysian Malaysia concept.
{"title":"Konsep Malaysian Malaysia sebagai Tekanan Politik Mendapatkan Kepentingan Singapura","authors":"Muhammad Hafiz Isa","doi":"10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.07","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses about Lee Kuan Yew’s goal in initiating the struggle for the concept of Malaysian Malaysia. This concept is set to fight for the construction of a multi-racial nation state and against the dominance of a race. The purpose is to form the unification of all Malaysians which consists of a multiracial community as a one nation. Malaysian Malaysia emerged as the idea of nationstate building which involves the formation of new territories. Although the concept of Malaysian Malaysia is considered as an idea towards the construction of a nation state. In fact, this concept emerged due to the effects of political conflict between the Central Government in Kuala Lumpur and the government of Singapore which is ruled by the PAP. This political conflict has influenced Lee Kuan Yew’s approach to initiate the concept of Malaysian Malaysia. So, the objective of this article is to assess the actual goal which influenced Lee Kuan Yew actions to initiate the struggle of the Malaysian Malaysia concept. This research used a history methodology by analyse the primary sources such as DO 169/527, DO 169/529, DO 169/530 and DO 169/426. The study found that, Lee Kuan Yew’s desire to demand the interests of Singapore and the political interests of PAP has influenced the conflict between Singapore and the Central Government. The concept of Malaysian Malaysia as a provocation and pressure on the Central Government in order to agree to the Singapore demands. Lee Kuan Yew’s desire to restore Singapore’s interests was primarily a factor that led to struggle of the Malaysian Malaysia concept.","PeriodicalId":42566,"journal":{"name":"Jebat-Malaysian Journal of History Politics and Strategic Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.02
Shahrizal Sa'ad
The immediate response by countries worldwide to curb the spread of Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020 was through the implementation of border lockdown, minimizing human movements. Malaysia launched Ops Benteng (Fortress Operation) via National Task Force (NTF) as the country faced high risk transmission through under-detected illegal movements of people across the land and maritime borders. Human trafficking and smuggling has been a great concern before the pandemic, and thus posing unprecedented challenge to the Malaysian border security agencies. This paper aims to analyze the role of security agencies involved in Ops Benteng, the extent of coordination and challenges faced by NTF while implementing the border control measures. The methods include structured interview with officials from Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), the Home Ministry (KDN), and the National Security Council (NSC). This studywill be the first in articulating duties and responsibilities, as well as cooperation between border control agencies and challenges faced in security governance structures. The author argues that the dilemma of compartmentalizing problems by the agencies working in silo and the bureaucratic hurdles that impede coordination efficiencies need to be addressed by all involved stakeholders and the implementation efficiency can be further enhanced by an integrated cooperation framework.
{"title":"Ops Benteng: Peranan Agensi Keselamatan dalam Mengawal Sempadan Negara Semasa Situasi Pandemik Covid-19","authors":"Shahrizal Sa'ad","doi":"10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jebat.2023.5003.02","url":null,"abstract":"The immediate response by countries worldwide to curb the spread of Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020 was through the implementation of border lockdown, minimizing human movements. Malaysia launched Ops Benteng (Fortress Operation) via National Task Force (NTF) as the country faced high risk transmission through under-detected illegal movements of people across the land and maritime borders. Human trafficking and smuggling has been a great concern before the pandemic, and thus posing unprecedented challenge to the Malaysian border security agencies. This paper aims to analyze the role of security agencies involved in Ops Benteng, the extent of coordination and challenges faced by NTF while implementing the border control measures. The methods include structured interview with officials from Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), the Home Ministry (KDN), and the National Security Council (NSC). This studywill be the first in articulating duties and responsibilities, as well as cooperation between border control agencies and challenges faced in security governance structures. The author argues that the dilemma of compartmentalizing problems by the agencies working in silo and the bureaucratic hurdles that impede coordination efficiencies need to be addressed by all involved stakeholders and the implementation efficiency can be further enhanced by an integrated cooperation framework.","PeriodicalId":42566,"journal":{"name":"Jebat-Malaysian Journal of History Politics and Strategic Studies","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.17576/jebat.2022.4903.01
Mohd Shazwan Mokhtar
{"title":"Peranan Jabatan Pertanian dan Diversiti Pertanian Kolonial di Tanah Melayu, 1920-1938 (Role of Agriculture Department and Colonial Agriculture Diversity In Malaya, 1920-1938)","authors":"Mohd Shazwan Mokhtar","doi":"10.17576/jebat.2022.4903.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jebat.2022.4903.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42566,"journal":{"name":"Jebat-Malaysian Journal of History Politics and Strategic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89544694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.17576/jebat.2022.4903.02
Tham Junean, M. Samsudin, S. Mansor
{"title":"Conflicts of Interest: Land Jobbing In Selangor, 1874-1895","authors":"Tham Junean, M. Samsudin, S. Mansor","doi":"10.17576/jebat.2022.4903.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jebat.2022.4903.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42566,"journal":{"name":"Jebat-Malaysian Journal of History Politics and Strategic Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86377794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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