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Examining the Financial Efficiency of Urban Co-Operative Banks in Kerala - A CAMEL Model Analysis 考察喀拉拉邦城市合作银行的财务效率——骆驼模型分析
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.59640/cbr.v14i2.105-116
Amala K.A., A. K
Urban cooperative banks play an essential role in the economic liberation of millions of people in our nation. It has emerged as a social and healthy banking institution providing need-based and quality banking services to the middle class and the marginalised sections of the urban population. Sound financial health is a guarantee to the depositor’s shareholders, employees and the economic system as a whole. In this study, an attempt is made to evaluate the financial performance of UCB using the CAMEL Model. This model mainly measures the bank’s performance from the five parameters: Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Efficiency, Earning Capacity, and Liquidity. The study is based on secondary data drawn from the annual report. For analysis, data over ten years are used. Statistical tools like average and standard deviation are used. It is found that the bank’s overall performance is satisfied with its asset quality being good. It was in a decent recovery position, but its financial condition in terms of capital adequacy, liquidity, earning rate, and management efficiency metrics was shabby, needing quick intervention.
城市合作银行在我国千百万人的经济解放中起着至关重要的作用。它已成为一家社会和健康的银行机构,向中产阶级和城市人口中被边缘化的部分提供基于需求的优质银行服务。稳健的财务状况是对存款人股东、雇员和整个经济体系的保证。在本研究中,尝试使用CAMEL模型来评估UCB的财务绩效。该模型主要从资本充足率、资产质量、管理效率、盈利能力和流动性这五个参数来衡量银行的绩效。这项研究是基于从年度报告中提取的二手数据。为了进行分析,我们使用了超过十年的数据。统计工具,如平均值和标准偏差被使用。结果表明,在资产质量良好的情况下,该银行的整体绩效是令人满意的。虽然处于良好的恢复状态,但从资本充足率、流动性、收益率、经营效率等方面来看,其财务状况很差,需要迅速进行干预。
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引用次数: 0
Role of NPA Provisions in Financial Soundness and Profitability: A study on Primary Co-operative Agricultural and Rural Development Banks in Kollam District, Kerala 不良资产拨备在财务稳健性和盈利能力中的作用:对喀拉拉邦Kollam地区初级农业和农村发展合作银行的研究
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.59640/cbr.v14i2.62-68
Jincy R Jerome, A. Nair
Primary Co-operative Agricultural and Rural Development Banks (PCARDBs) means a society has an area of operation confined to a taluk and the principal object of which is to provide long-term credit for agricultural and rural development. One of the dangerous problems faced by co-operative banking is the inability of the borrower to repay their overdue interest and principal, leading to Non-performing Assets (NPA). The presence of NPA had an adverse effect on the profitability and existence of PCARDBs, but they are still surviving with the help of provisions created against NPA. Provisioning means the portion of income set aside by the bank to meet contingent losses that may arise in the event of non-recovery of loans. By analysing the data collected from the financial statements of the six PCARDBs in Kollam district, it can be understood that the growth in NPA involves the necessity of provisions which bring down the overall profitability of the bank. But if the banks are capable to create such provisions from net profit, it helps to maintain the financial soundness of banks. The study is based on the data collected from financial statements of six PCARDBs in Kollam District and the results show higher provisioning for overdue which results net loss in the financial statements of banks
初级合作农业和农村发展银行(pcardb)是指一个社会的经营范围限于一个地区,其主要目标是为农业和农村发展提供长期信贷。合作银行面临的一个危险问题是借款人无力偿还逾期的利息和本金,从而导致不良资产(NPA)。不良资产的存在对pcab的盈利能力和存在产生了不利影响,但它们仍然在针对不良资产设立的准备金的帮助下生存下来。拨备是指银行为应付因无法收回贷款而可能产生的意外损失而拨备的部分收入。通过分析从Kollam地区六个pcardb的财务报表中收集的数据,可以理解的是,NPA的增长涉及降低银行整体盈利能力的规定的必要性。但如果银行能够从净利润中拨备这类拨备,就有助于维持银行的财务稳健。该研究基于从Kollam区六家pcardb的财务报表中收集的数据,结果显示,逾期准备金较高,导致银行财务报表中的净损失
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Stock Brokers on the Investment Decision of Individual Stock Investors 股票经纪人对个人投资者投资决策的影响
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.59640/cbr.v14i2.78-86
Aseem R, B. S K
An investor is an important element of the stock market in any economy. In the past, stock investment was limited to the richer class, but in the present day, investment in the stock market is very popular among retail investors. Investment in the stock market is an excellent investment avenue. Many of the investors are non-professional and invest in the stock market based on some degree of recommendation received from others. Naturally, investors feel that they can make a profit from the stock market through professional guidance. Apart from buying and selling shares, the broker offers a range of additional services to investors, such as research reports, advisory services, and relationship managers. They also provide a wide range of products, including IPO, Debt, Mutual Fund, Futures, and Forward contracts, and insurance. Investors depend on the brokers for IPO information, market condition, awareness programs, and training for new investors. The investors received information related to financial services, portfolio selection and gainful information. Investors consider mage and reputation, speed of website and app, annual maintenance charge and initial investment for selecting brokers in the market.
在任何经济体中,投资者都是股票市场的重要组成部分。在过去,股票投资仅限于富裕阶层,但在今天,投资股票市场是非常受欢迎的散户投资者。投资股票市场是一个很好的投资途径。许多投资者都是非专业人士,他们根据别人的某种程度的推荐来投资股票市场。投资者自然会觉得,通过专业的指导,他们可以从股市中获利。除了买卖股票,这家券商还为投资者提供一系列额外服务,比如研究报告、咨询服务和客户关系管理。他们还提供广泛的产品,包括IPO、债务、共同基金、期货和远期合约以及保险。投资者依靠经纪人获得IPO信息、市场状况、认知度计划和新投资者培训。投资者收到了与金融服务、投资组合选择和收益信息有关的信息。投资者在市场中选择经纪商时,考虑的因素包括形象和声誉、网站和应用程序的速度、年维护费用和初始投资。
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引用次数: 0
De-Globalisation: Institutional Preparedness and Entrepreneurship 去全球化:制度准备和企业家精神
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.59640/cbr.v14i1.25-33
Zaffar Iqbal, Neetu Andotra
Deglobalization is gaining momentum across nations to protect national sovereignty, bridging widening income inequalities, checking depletion of resources, generating employment through entrepreneurship & innovation, preserving culture identity etc. Still efforts are needed on the part of the government to reform regulatory provisions, diversifying agriculture to make it remunerative, supporting MSMEs, bringing service innovations, upskilling labour force, popularizing entrepreneurship programmes etc
为了保护国家主权、弥合日益扩大的收入不平等、遏制资源枯竭、通过创业和创新创造就业、保护文化认同等,去全球化正在各国获得动力。政府仍然需要努力改革监管条款,使农业多样化以获得回报,支持中小微企业,带来服务创新,提高劳动力技能,普及创业计划等
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引用次数: 0
Disturbing Non-Performing Asset (NPA) in Priority Sector and Non-Priority Sector Lending (NPSL) Between Public Sector and Private Sector Bank 公共部门和私营部门银行之间优先部门和非优先部门贷款(NPSL)中的不良资产(NPA)
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.59640/cbr.v14i1.113-122
Hashim M, S. Sajeev
The Indian banking industry faces an enormous issue in the form of Non-Performing Assets (NPA). Though NPAs are rampant in the Indian banking industry, particularly in Indian public sector banks, it is also the main reason for their obligatory lending to the priority sector. Banks have huge scope to extend credit to both the priority and non-priority sectors as the NPAs have not yet reached such magnitude that can seriously harm the efficiency of a bank. The problem of the NPAs is of great interest to academics and policymakers. The purpose of this paper is to check whether NPAs in Indian commercial banking has reached a critical stage.
印度银行业面临着不良资产(NPA)的巨大问题。尽管不良资产在印度银行业猖獗,尤其是在印度公共部门银行,但这也是它们向优先部门提供强制性贷款的主要原因。银行有很大的空间向优先和非优先部门提供信贷,因为不良资产还没有达到严重损害银行效率的程度。国家行动纲领的问题引起了学术界和决策者的极大兴趣。本文的目的是检验印度商业银行的不良资产是否已达到关键阶段。
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引用次数: 0
Product Involvement and Consumer Knowledge – A study with Special Reference to Branded Jewellery Consumers in Trivandrum District 产品介入与消费者知识——以Trivandrum地区品牌珠宝消费者为例的研究
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.59640/cbr.v14i1.69-78
H. Ur
Today, the jewellery market has become a broad industry that consists of branded, non–branded, and online retailers. Branded jewellery can be considered a luxury and specialty good because a special purchasing effort is required. This paper examines consumer attitudes on the importance of knowledgeable purchase and the significance of product involvement in purchasing jewellery from branded retailers. To answer the questions of this research, a total of 100 consumers of Joy alukkas and Bhima Jewellers were selected using the quota sampling method. Descriptive statistics and Man-Whitney u test were used for this study. Consumer attitude was studied using consumer knowledge, and involvement was studied using product involvement. The research results demonstrate that the product involvement level among the consumers is very high. The consumers pay high importance towards knowledgeable purchasing so that they go through detailed information processing before purchasing. The study suggests that product attributes and precise information processing significantly influence consumers’ purchasing process.
如今,珠宝市场已经成为一个由品牌、非品牌和在线零售商组成的广泛行业。品牌珠宝可以被认为是奢侈品和专业商品,因为需要特别的购买努力。本文考察了消费者对知识购买的重要性的态度,以及从品牌零售商那里购买珠宝时产品参与的重要性。为了回答本研究的问题,我们采用配额抽样的方法,选取了Joy alukkas和Bhima jewelers的100名消费者。本研究采用描述性统计和Man-Whitney u检验。使用消费者知识研究消费者态度,使用产品参与研究消费者参与。研究结果表明,消费者对产品的参与程度很高。消费者非常重视知识性购买,在购买前会进行详细的信息处理。研究表明,产品属性和精确的信息加工显著影响消费者的购买过程。
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引用次数: 0
Motivational Factors to Join SHGs among the Fisher Folk Community of Kerala 喀拉拉邦渔民社区加入shg的动机因素
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.59640/cbr.v14i1.139-149
Aswani S .P
Microfinance is a financial model specially designed for serving the poor. Microfinance programs provide tiny loans to poor people for self- employment projects. The conception of microfinance is as an income- producing tool rather than a consumption aid, thereby, it is an appropriate way of bringing social changes and transforming the society into a progressive one. Irregular income and social and economic backwardness are the main reason for the lack of sustainable development of fisherfolk. SHGs have played a crucial role in the intervention of microcredit given to the fisherfolk communities. Therefore, the researcher intended to study the motivational factors to join the SHGs among the fisherfolk community of Kerala. The study was experimental. The study found that members of the SHGs joined intending to obtain credit and meet their domestic expenses. Hence, they are not considering the objective of micro finance while utilizing the fund. They have used their micro-credit amount for meeting their expenses.
小额信贷是专门为穷人服务的一种金融模式。小额贷款项目为穷人的自营职业项目提供小额贷款。小额信贷的概念是作为一种产生收入的工具,而不是一种消费援助,因此,它是一种适当的方式来推动社会变革,使社会成为一个进步的社会。收入不稳定和社会经济落后是造成渔民缺乏可持续发展的主要原因。合作社在向渔民社区提供小额信贷的干预方面发挥了关键作用。因此,研究者打算研究喀拉拉邦渔民社区加入SHGs的动机因素。这项研究是实验性的。该研究发现,加入该小组的成员是为了获得信贷和支付家庭开支。因此,他们在使用资金时没有考虑到小额信贷的目标。他们用小额贷款来支付他们的开支。
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引用次数: 0
Role of ESAF Small Finance Bank in Leveraging Financial Services in Rural Area with Special Reference to Thiruvananthapuram District ESAF小型金融银行在撬动农村地区金融服务中的作用——以蒂鲁凡得琅邦为例
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.59640/cbr.v14i1.151-156
Arathy Krishnan R K, Nimi Dev R
ESAF small finance bank is a new generation bank which is headquartered at Thrissur Kerala. As a new bank it is aimed at widening financial inclusion and promoting sector wise financial assistance across India. ESAF small finance bank provides a wide variety of financial services such as deposits, funding, insurance and several beneficial programs to the society. The present paper is focused on the role of ESAF small finance bank in leveraging financial inclusion in rural areas by providing various facilities to meet their various needs. The paper is aimed at analysing various financial assistanceby ESAF small finance bank mainly for launching small business units and also the paper analaysess the relevance of various schemes of ESAF.
ESAF小型金融银行是一家新一代银行,总部位于喀拉拉邦。作为一家新银行,它的目标是扩大金融包容性,并在印度各地促进行业明智的金融援助。ESAF小型金融银行为社会提供各种各样的金融服务,如存款、基金、保险和一些有益的计划。本文的重点是ESAF小型金融银行通过提供各种设施来满足农村地区的各种需求,在利用普惠金融方面发挥的作用。本文旨在分析ESAF小型金融银行的各种金融援助,主要用于启动小型业务单位,并分析ESAF各种方案的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Repercussion of Covid 19 Upsurge: An Analysis on the Efficaciousness of Autoregressive Models in Volatility and Return Estimation of Bitcoin Covid - 19热潮的影响:自回归模型在比特币波动和收益估计中的有效性分析
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.59640/cbr.v14i1.35-51
Moni M, Raju G, Silpa Krishnan M P
Cryptocurrencies, especially Bitcoin, is a hot commodity today. High volatility is a common feature of almost all the cryptocurrencies in the world. A systematic exploration and examination of the volatility of cryptos enables the investor to earn more on their investments. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the crypto market witnessed a highly volatile situation with a huge increase in price. The pandemic also affected the volatility and return of Bitcoin. This research aims to analyse and compare the risk and volatility characteristics of Bitcoin after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study further tests the capacity of several autoregressive models, such as ARMA, GARCH, EGARCH, and TARCH in estimating and evaluating the return and volatility associated with Bitcoin. Identified models were tested and compared with the help of Akaike information criteria (AIC) and Schwarz information criteria (SIC). For this article, the data of daily adjusted closing price of Bitcoin INR (BTC-INR) were collected from Yahoo Finance during the period January, 2017 to December, 2021. We witnessed a huge change in the daily average return of Bitcoin after the COVID-19 outbreak. Also, we identified TARCH (1, 1) as the best model in the ARCH family for evaluating and estimating volatility and ARMA (10, 10) as the best model for predicting the return of Bitcoin.
加密货币,尤其是比特币,是当今的热门商品。高波动性是世界上几乎所有加密货币的共同特征。对加密货币波动性的系统探索和检查使投资者能够从他们的投资中获得更多收益。新冠肺炎疫情爆发后,加密货币市场波动剧烈,价格大幅上涨。疫情也影响了比特币的波动和回报。本研究旨在分析和比较新冠肺炎疫情爆发后比特币的风险和波动特征。该研究进一步测试了几种自回归模型(如ARMA, GARCH, EGARCH和TARCH)在估计和评估与比特币相关的回报和波动性方面的能力。利用赤池信息准则(Akaike information criteria, AIC)和施瓦茨信息准则(Schwarz information criteria, SIC)对识别出的模型进行了检验和比较。本文的比特币印度卢比(BTC-INR)每日调整收盘价数据收集自雅虎财经,时间为2017年1月至2021年12月。新冠肺炎疫情爆发后,比特币的日平均收益发生了巨大变化。此外,我们确定TARCH(1,1)是ARCH家族中评估和估计波动性的最佳模型,ARMA(10,10)是预测比特币回报的最佳模型。
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引用次数: 0
The Rationale of Gentle Nudges and its Reflections in the Work Behaviour of Corporate Employees during the Outbreak of Pandemic “轻推”的基本原理及其对疫情期间企业员工工作行为的反思
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.59640/cbr.v14i1.79-94
Aparna A S, B. A. V.
Nudges have been emerged as a prominent technique in human resource management through linking the productivity and performance of employees with the gentle alterations made in the existing work environment. The suitability and appropriateness of workplace nudges during the period of COVID-19 need to be assessed to incorporate them in innovative human resource practices and their effectiveness has to be determined in the context of employee engagement and empowerment leading to improved organisational commitment and better work culture. This study focuses on analysing the impact of nudges and their contribution to the productivity and performance of employees during times of chaos. An extensive literature review is conducted to strengthen the theoretical models of nudges in the modified work environment. Multiple cases have been analysed to support the primary and secondary data. Results evidenced categorisation of the strategical measures of corporates as nudge initiatives. The study shows that nudges have positive and negative influences on the behaviour of employees and they check whether the nudges are in alignment with rationality. The paper attempts to determine the effectiveness of nudges in the workplace contributing to increased productivity and improved work culture. It adopts extracts from case studies and insights from reviews offering a comprehensive idea about the implications of workplace nudges during the period of a pandemic.
通过将员工的生产力和绩效与对现有工作环境的温和改变联系起来,推动已经成为人力资源管理中的一项重要技术。在2019冠状病毒病期间,需要评估工作场所推动的适宜性和适当性,以将其纳入创新的人力资源实践,并在员工参与和赋权的背景下确定其有效性,从而提高组织承诺和改善工作文化。本研究的重点是分析在混乱时期轻推的影响及其对员工生产力和绩效的贡献。广泛的文献综述进行了加强理论模型的推动在修改的工作环境。对多个案例进行了分析,以支持主要和次要数据。结果证明了将企业的战略措施分类为助推举措。研究表明,推动对员工的行为有积极和消极的影响,他们会检查这些推动是否符合理性。这篇论文试图确定工作场所中“轻推”对提高生产力和改善工作文化的有效性。它采用了案例研究的摘录和审查的见解,提供了关于大流行期间工作场所轻推的影响的全面概念。
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引用次数: 0
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