Scots pine has been considered a resistant tree species not only to adverse habitats but also to drought for a long time for its pioneering character, enabling it to thrive at significantly nutrient-poor and dry sites where the competitive pressure of other tree species is reduced. It has also some physiological properties adapted for the increased efficiency of water management. However, the increased and cumulated drought stress in Central Europe after 2013, which has accelerated significantly since 2015, showed the limits of the Scots pine´s sustainable prosperity in many sites of its present occurrence. The research analyses 101 studies published in the period from 1975 to 2022, representing basic properties, ecophysiological aspects, health status development, growth and fertility of Scots pine related to drought stress. It also deals with the influence of the tree species mixing effect and silvicultural management on the health status of Scots pine stands. The review aims to provide comprehensive material for understanding the development of Scots pine´s health and growth, as well as optimising its use under ongoing global climate change conditions characterised by an increase in annual air temperatures and by irregular distribution of precipitation, leading to the increasing frequency of drought periods. Methodological recommendations for silviculture in pine forests are also mentioned here.
{"title":"Potenciál borovice lesní v podmínkách změny klimatu: review","authors":"Ondřej Špulák, Jakub Černý","doi":"10.59269/zlv/2023/1/689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59269/zlv/2023/1/689","url":null,"abstract":"Scots pine has been considered a resistant tree species not only to adverse habitats but also to drought for a long time for its pioneering character, enabling it to thrive at significantly nutrient-poor and dry sites where the competitive pressure of other tree species is reduced. It has also some physiological properties adapted for the increased efficiency of water management. However, the increased and cumulated drought stress in Central Europe after 2013, which has accelerated significantly since 2015, showed the limits of the Scots pine´s sustainable prosperity in many sites of its present occurrence. The research analyses 101 studies published in the period from 1975 to 2022, representing basic properties, ecophysiological aspects, health status development, growth and fertility of Scots pine related to drought stress. It also deals with the influence of the tree species mixing effect and silvicultural management on the health status of Scots pine stands. The review aims to provide comprehensive material for understanding the development of Scots pine´s health and growth, as well as optimising its use under ongoing global climate change conditions characterised by an increase in annual air temperatures and by irregular distribution of precipitation, leading to the increasing frequency of drought periods. Methodological recommendations for silviculture in pine forests are also mentioned here.","PeriodicalId":42759,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Forestry Research-Zpravy Lesnickeho Vyzkumu","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135418611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering the changing climatic conditions, the Czech and Slovakian vegetation has been vertically divided into Forest Vegetation Zones (FVZs) units. Each FVZ is represented by a specific tree species, i.e., the oaks (Quercus sp.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) and dwarf pine (Pinus mugo Turra). The FVZ concept has been applied in the Czechoslovakian forestry classification practice since the 1950s. Due to the broad time span of the studied topic, this article is divided into five chapters regarding the evolution of the FVZ concept. Its currently applied form was established primarily in the 1970s on the grounds of data gathered during two decades of forest typology research. An FVZ unit has become an upper unit of the Czech Forest Ecosystem Classification since its legislative codification in the Forest Act (289/1995) in 1995. To this day, however, the FVZ concept has not been reassessed by advanced, multi-dimensional statistical methods. This paper aims to describe key moments of the development of this concept and provide a perspective on its limitations, also in connection with current trends in ecological research. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the forest vegetation-environment relationship in the Czech Republic in relation to climate change, indirect anthropogenic environmental impact, and prediction of forest and landscape ecosystems response.
考虑到气候条件的变化，捷克和斯洛伐克的植被被垂直划分为森林植被带（FVZ）单元。每个FVZ由一个特定的树种表示，即橡树（Quercus sp.）、欧洲山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica L.）、银杉（Abies alba Mill.）、挪威云杉（Picea Abies（L.）H.Karst.）和矮松（Pinus mugo Turra）。自20世纪50年代以来，FVZ概念一直应用于捷克斯洛伐克的林业分类实践。由于研究主题的时间跨度较大，本文分为五章，论述FVZ概念的演变。它目前的应用形式主要建立在20世纪70年代，基于20年森林类型学研究期间收集的数据。自1995年《森林法》（289/1995）对FVZ单元进行立法编纂以来，FVZ单元已成为捷克森林生态系统分类的上级单元。然而，时至今日，FVZ的概念还没有被先进的多维统计方法重新评估。本文旨在描述这一概念发展的关键时刻，并结合生态学研究的当前趋势，对其局限性提供一个视角。本综述旨在更好地了解捷克共和国森林-植被-环境关系与气候变化、间接人为环境影响以及森林和景观生态系统响应预测的关系。
{"title":"Klasifikace vegetační stupňovitosti v České republice: review","authors":"Petr Dujka, Antonín Kusbach","doi":"10.59269/zlv/2023/1/685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59269/zlv/2023/1/685","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the changing climatic conditions, the Czech and Slovakian vegetation has been vertically divided into Forest Vegetation Zones (FVZs) units. Each FVZ is represented by a specific tree species, i.e., the oaks (Quercus sp.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) and dwarf pine (Pinus mugo Turra). The FVZ concept has been applied in the Czechoslovakian forestry classification practice since the 1950s. Due to the broad time span of the studied topic, this article is divided into five chapters regarding the evolution of the FVZ concept. Its currently applied form was established primarily in the 1970s on the grounds of data gathered during two decades of forest typology research. An FVZ unit has become an upper unit of the Czech Forest Ecosystem Classification since its legislative codification in the Forest Act (289/1995) in 1995. To this day, however, the FVZ concept has not been reassessed by advanced, multi-dimensional statistical methods. This paper aims to describe key moments of the development of this concept and provide a perspective on its limitations, also in connection with current trends in ecological research. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the forest vegetation-environment relationship in the Czech Republic in relation to climate change, indirect anthropogenic environmental impact, and prediction of forest and landscape ecosystems response.","PeriodicalId":42759,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Forestry Research-Zpravy Lesnickeho Vyzkumu","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47400140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimír Švihla, František Šach, Vladimír Černohous
Runoff from forests predominates above runoff from adjacent agricultural and other land-use types during longer periods of climatic drought. The predominating forest runoff is 180 days per year, in average. There are streamflows of 180–366-day by 10-year average. To practical proving this hypothesis, the runoff study was done for upper part of the Svratka catchment with measuring profile in Dalečin, the Czech-Moravian Highlands. The catchment was segmented into four land-use types: 43% of forest stands, 29% of agricultural crops, 20% of permanent grasslands, and 8% other lands. Besides forest influence on streamflow directly in the Svratka River, the runoff from other land-use types of the agriculturalforestry catchment was also calculated. It was proved that greater runoff drained from the forest than from the remaining land uses of the catchment. The 43% share of the forest in the upper Svratka catchment increased during climatic drought mean runoff in by 6.2%.
{"title":"Odtoky z lesů v době klimatického sucha v povodí řeky Svratky","authors":"Vladimír Švihla, František Šach, Vladimír Černohous","doi":"10.59269/zlv/2023/1/690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59269/zlv/2023/1/690","url":null,"abstract":"Runoff from forests predominates above runoff from adjacent agricultural and other land-use types during longer periods of climatic drought. The predominating forest runoff is 180 days per year, in average. There are streamflows of 180–366-day by 10-year average. To practical proving this hypothesis, the runoff study was done for upper part of the Svratka catchment with measuring profile in Dalečin, the Czech-Moravian Highlands. The catchment was segmented into four land-use types: 43% of forest stands, 29% of agricultural crops, 20% of permanent grasslands, and 8% other lands. Besides forest influence on streamflow directly in the Svratka River, the runoff from other land-use types of the agriculturalforestry catchment was also calculated. It was proved that greater runoff drained from the forest than from the remaining land uses of the catchment. The 43% share of the forest in the upper Svratka catchment increased during climatic drought mean runoff in by 6.2%.","PeriodicalId":42759,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Forestry Research-Zpravy Lesnickeho Vyzkumu","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135418610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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